javad marzbanrad

The corrugated composite plates have wide application to improve the energy absorption and failure behavior of panel structures. The roof panel of the bus could benefit from the use of these structures to reduce impact failures in rollover accidents. The aim of this paper is to design a new configuration of bus roof panels stiffened with multi-layer semi-circular corrugated CFRP plates to minimize structure failure during rollover accidents. An analytical failure equation of Tsai-Hill index for the new proposed panel subjected to dynamic impact loading has been derived. The failure equation was validated using FEM methods and digital image correlation impact tests. According to the roll over impact situation, the multi-layered semi-circular corrugated woven CFRP roof panel displays a positive failure behavior of 89%.

This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of adhesive thickness on the maximum load of adhesive joints under static and impact loading, using the double cantilever beam (DCB) test method. The DCB specimens were prepared with varying adhesive thicknesses and subjected to impact loading using a drop weight impact tester. The maximum load was recorded for each specimen. The results indicated that the maximum load of the adhesive joints increases with increasing adhesive thickness up to 5 mm, beyond which the maximum load decreases with further increase in adhesive thickness. Moreover, the failure mode of the adhesive joint was found to be strongly dependent on the adhesive thickness, with thicker adhesive layers exhibiting an adhesive failure mode but in thinner thicknesses, the adhesive mode is cohesive. These findings provide important insights into the design and optimization of adhesive joints for applications that are subject to impact loading.

The braking system has always been considered one of the most significant vehicle subsystems since it plays a key role in safety issues. To design such a complex system, modeling can be a helpful tool for designers to save time and costs. In this paper, the hydraulic braking system of a B-Class vehicle was modeled by simulating the relationship between brake components such as pedals, boosters, main cylinders, and wheel cylinders, with the vehicle dynamics by using the existing models of the tire and their dynamic relationships. The performed modeling was compared with the results of a concerning vehicle's direct movement. The results of this comparison showed that our modeling is very close to the experimental data. The braking distance parameter was selected to examine the effects of each braking component on the vehicle dynamics. The results of investigating the effect of different parameters of the braking system on the dynamic behavior of the vehicle indicated that the main cylinder diameter, the diameter of the front and rear wheels’ brake cylinders, the effective diameter of the front disk, and the diameter of the rear drum are the most effective design parameters in vehicle's braking system and optimal results are obtained by applying changes to these parameters.

In this study, the driver airbag geometry and internal pressure were considered as the main parameters to investigate the head injury severity in a frontal crash. The total energy absorption of an airbag was investigated in a drop test simulation and its rate was discussed by the depression distance parameter. On the other hand, the maximum deceleration of the impactor was determined to represent the airbag stiffness by a defined deceleration peak parameter. Thus, the depression distance and the deceleration peak were the objective functions for an isolated airbag under a lumped-mass impact simulation. Furthermore, an optimal matrix was generated using the design method of experiments (DOE) and yielded the airbag parameters as outputs. After the evaluation of the design parameters by the Taguchi method, the ANOVA method was used to predict the most effective parameters. Finally, a sled test with the 50% HYBRID III dummy and the defined airbag was simulated. An experimental crash was selected as the reference point to verify the simulation and to be used to compare the outcomes. Even though the objective function of depression distance showed contradictory effects to reduce the head injury severity, the results showed a %16.4 reduction in the driver head injury in a full-frontal crash.

In the present work, the energy absorption study of warm-rolled LZ71 sheet is done for the first time. To do so, Lithium (7% Wt), Zinc (1% Wt) and Magnesium are cast in 770⁰C. After that, the billet has been warm-rolled at 350⁰C and its thickness reduced by 80%. Then, two different heat treatment situations are studied to reach an isotropic plate. Afterward, microstructures of the specimens have been studied using an optical microscope. Tensile tests of the samples are derived to study the mechanical properties and isotropy of the sheets. Moreover, the results of tensile tests applied for crushing simulations. Energy absorption study of the alloy is also done using ABAQUS/Explicit commercial code. The results of simulations are validated using experimental tests of A6082 and completely acceptable performance of simulations is observed. Then, the mechanical properties of LZ71 are used to study the crashworthiness behavior of the mentioned alloy. Crash absorption parameters, namely peak crush force (FMax), mean crush force (FMean), Total Energy Absorption (TAE), Crush Force Efficiency (CFE), Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) and Total Efficiency (TE) of LZ71 and A6082 are compared which are shown that the performance of LZ71 is considerably more efficient than A6082. Lastly, by the help of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Taguchi Method, the effects of dimensional parameters of tube, namely diameter, length and thickness, on FMax, FMean and TAE and also the influences of dimensionless geometrical ratios, namely L/D and D/t on CFE, SEA and TE are surveyed comprehensively.

In this paper, a study was carried out on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of magnesium-lithium dual phase alloy. After casting the alloy, the thickness of primary billet is reduced from 10 mm to 2 mm using hot rolling. Then, in order to achieve an isotropic sheet, the rolled part was heat treated at 350 °C. The microstructure of samples were studied using optical microscope to observe the type of grain size variation. In the present survey, anisotropy of hot rolled LZ71 sheet has been studied for the first time. For this purpose, Mechanical properties of all three samples: after casting, after rolling and after heat treatment in three directions of longitudinal and transverse and 45 degrees were completely investigated. Moreover, the anisotropy coefficients of the rolled samples were calculated and evaluated. Results were found that, the alloy had suitable specifications for structural applications before and after heat treatment, but anisotropy was observed in samples without heat treatment. Finally, the failure level for samples after rolling and after heat treatment process was examined to confirm the anisotropy results.

Thin-walled structures play an important role in absorbing the energy in a low impact crash of vehicles up to saving lives from high impact Injury. In this paper, the thin-walled columns by using a hybrid Design of Experiments (DOE) and Ant Colony Algorithm (ACO) has been optimized. The analysis of the behavior of the nonlinear models under bending load is done using finite-element software Abaqus. The objective is to study the performance geometrically parameters of the columns using DOE-ACO approach. DOE method is being applied to determine the effects of cross-sections, material, and thickness on the energy absorption; and the ACO method is used for finding more accurate thickness on energy absorption. Four types of thin-walled cross-sections, i.e., circle, ellipse, hexagon, and square are used in this study. The optimized results of DOE method show that aluminum alloy (Al-6061) and high strength low alloy steel (HSLA) square columns have a higher energy absorption in comparison with the other cross-sections. However, the amount of absorbed energy in two types of columns is equal but, 50 percent weight reduction may be seen in Al-6061 columns. The columns are re-optimized by ACO to find the best thickness in the last step. In the following, by topology optimization participation, a new plan is proposed by the same thickness and 50% less weight, that has a higher crashworthiness efficiency by increasing SAE more than 70%. As a result of this plan is bridging the gap between standard topological design and multi-criteria optimization.

In this paper, the acoustic analysis of noise has been done in automotive cabin at high speed. High-frequency noise sources are applied separately to the roof and floor panels as well as to the windshield of the vehicle, which has been investigated at both the driver's and rear passenger's head. The most important panels that have the most noise emission are specified. In order to analyze high frequencies, the Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) method has been used; also, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been used to obtain optimized panel in terms of minimally weighing and maximum noise reduction. The results show that the proposed panels with unconstrained rubber layer can reduce the cabin interior aerodynamically generated noise more than %6.

Nowadays, lightweight automotive component design, regarding fuel consumption, environmental pollutants and manufacturing costs, is one of the main issues in the automotive societies. In addition, considering safety reasons, the durability of the automotive components, as one of the most important design requirements should be guaranteed. In this paper, a two-step optimization process including topology and shape optimization of an automotive wheel, as one of the most significant chassis components, is studied. At first, topology optimization method with volume and fatigue life constraints is used to obtain the optimal initial lightweight design, followed by shape optimization technique to improve the fatigue life. The results show 31.841% weight and 33.047% compliance reduction by topology and also 652.33% average minimum fatigue life enhancement, by the shape optimization. Therefore, the proposed two-step optimization method is qualified in designing the lightweight automotive wheel. The method used in this study can be a reference for optimization of other mechanical components.

Vertical dynamics modeling and simulation of a six-wheel unmanned military vehicle (MULE) studied in this paper. The Common Mobility Platform (CMP) chassis provided mobility, built around an advanced propulsion and articulated suspension system gave the vehicle ability to negotiate complex terrain, obstacles, and gaps that a dismounted squad would encounter. Aiming at modeling of vehicle vertical dynamics, basic and geometrical parameters defined and degrees-of-freedom specified on a compromise between accuracy and complexity of two models. Equations of motion provided on two linear and nonlinear 5-degree-of-freedom models using two different modeling methods. There is good agreement between time responses of two presented models. The main differences of two models observed in articulated suspension degrees-of-freedom while the vehicle subjected to high frequency maneuvers that cause severe oscillations on wheels and arms in comparison to vehicle body due to lower mass and inertia properties. The linear model can be used to design a controller and the nonlinear to predict vehicle motion more accurately. Sensitivity analysis of the influential parameters is also presented to specify effects of different parameters. Results of this study may be used to design articulated suspension and making next frequency analyses.

Nowadays role of vehicles in environmental pollution and energy consumption is very important issue in level of world society. Researchers have striving hard for improving of vehicle function by new methods and technologies respective to the pollution and fuel consumption. During previous years against fuel crisis and increasing the cost and also environmental pollutions, vehicle manufactures have trying to economize the vehicles by using new technologies in order to decreasing fuel consumption and saving environment. Pollution crisis which is caused by vehicles is propounded as a big problem for both developing countries and advanced countries which are exposed them to environmental big dangers. The environmental problems, deficiency of fuel and energy are leading to request of increasing energy consumption efficiency, decreasing environmental pollutions, increasing global competition between vehicles industry companies, proportion the grade of society equipment for decreasing of acoustical and environmental pollution and yet general tendency for using safe vehicles with low fuel consumption cause to encourage vehicle manufacturer to develop the modern technologies to secure the requirements. For this reason in this article, present modern technologies in vehicles manufacturing for compatibility with environmental conditions. Environmentally friendly vehicles have low air pollution, low acoustical pollution and recyclable and this technologies are consist of fuels and materials ecofriendly.

In this paper, chaotic motion analysis and its control for a non-planar non-linear cantilever beam with axial and lateral parametric excitation in the free end is accomplished. This is a new method for control of chaotic motion of a non-linear planar beam. In this survey, internal resonance of the beam is 2:1, the initial resonance is in the outside of plane, and it is assumed a sub-resonance for inner plane. The beam is modeled with Lagrange method. Then, multi comparison method is used for system transformation of parametric and external excitation to the averaged equation where the constant load applied to them. Finally, with the usage of numerical simulation, an open loop control is designed for chaotic motion of non-planar cantilever beam, which excited in the free end to reduce the beam vibration in one axis. The results are presented in the curves to show the limit of stability