khaled alipour

This study aimed to identify and evaluate the components of spiritual education based on the Fundamental Reform Document of Education.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data. In the qualitative section, the statistical population included all relevant resources (books, articles, and theses) as well as experts in education and school administrators, with 20 individuals selected through purposive non-random sampling. In the quantitative section, the statistical population included 357 teachers from a total of 5100 secondary school teachers in Kurdistan, selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through interviews and researcher-made and standardized questionnaires, and data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

The results revealed that the identified components of spiritual education included cognitive, emotional, and behavioral education, while the factors affecting spiritual education included the values and ethical norms of society, policy-making and planning in the educational system, teachers, and the curriculum. Statistical analyses showed that these components and factors were of appropriate validity.

Based on the results, spiritual education based on the Fundamental Reform Document of Education is significantly influenced by various components, including cognitive, emotional, and behavioral education, as well as factors such as the values and ethical norms of society, policy-making, and the roles of teachers and the curriculum. All these factors can contribute to improving the process of spiritual education in the educational system.

Rural development planning encompasses various economic, social, environmental and participatory components. In this regard, the most important pillar for achieving sustainable rural development is participatory management. Rural partnerships in promoting economic and social programs and activities are one of the central policies of development and rural planning. Accordingly, paying attention to participation as an effective approach can play an important role in improving the management system of villages. The purpose of the present research is to strengthen the elements of rural participation for linking and connecting with border markets and development of participatory planning. This research is based on descriptive-analytic approach based on qualitative inductive content. The statistical sample was 335 from Cochran formula and its data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results indicate that development indicators among the studied villages are not distributed equilibrium. Rural management structure and the weakness of government investments are one of the most important factors and constraints affecting rural participatory planning. Based on the statistical tests, there is a significant difference between evaluating the impact of markets on all aspects of rural development, so that the significance factor in the environmental dimension is 0.029, in the socio-cultural dimension 0.004 and in the economic dimension 0.11. Based on the results of Kruskal-Wallis and T-Test tests, it can be seen that the peripheral villages in each aspect of rural development had significant differences in terms of the impact of border markets. Also, the relationship between villages and markets is one-way, and the villagers do not share much of their benefits.

In order to convenience devoting of resources, development conditions of different regions should be explained. This research attempts to determine developing degrees of Kermanshah province counties with respect to various factors using HDI and Morris index with descriptive- analytic method. Calculation results have led to maps using ArcGIS for better spatial analysis of development. Statistical community of research includes 14 administrative units of Kermanshah province. 55 variables which have been used in this research, consists of the majority aspects of development of units. Results show that there is no convenience conditions in terms of development throughout the province, because, none of the counties has not lain in the range of more than 0.5. This should be noticed in balanced development in all parts of province with targeting plans and policies. In conclusion, Morris index is a better method to analyze development degree of case study than HDI.