leila lotfian

Spiritual fitness in combat requires spiritual intelligence to give meaning to life and change the attitude towards crises as a spiritual experience. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the spiritual counseling of the Sound Heart Model on the spiritual intelligence and spiritual experience of military commanders.

The research method was a clinical trial type. The research population consisted of 98 military commanders of the army, who were selected according to the inclusion criteria through available sampling. They were divided into two groups by random group allocation. The intervention for the experimental group was implemented for 51 weeks with model-based multimedia training with the aim of gaining trust, increasing knowledge, developing communication, and motivation, by means of educational software and follow-up in the virtual network. Before and after the intervention, daily spiritual experiences and spiritual intelligence questionnaires were completed by both groups.

The spiritual intelligence of the commanders of the two groups before the intervention had no significant difference (P = 0.80) (intervention 65.39 ± 4.33 - control 65.15 ± 5.38). But after the intervention, a significant difference was created (P<0.001) (intervention 84.16 ± 2.97 - control 65.41 ± 5.82). There was no significant difference in the spiritual experience of the commanders of the two groups before the intervention (P = 0.92) (intervention 48.08 ± 2.13 - control 48.12 ± 2.36). But after the intervention, the difference was significant (P<0.001) (intervention 67.96 ± 4.18 - control 48.37 ± 2.20).

Considering the effect of spiritual counseling on improving the spiritual intelligence and spiritual experience of military commanders, it is recommended to use the "Sound Heart Model" for the spiritual fitness of military personnel.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often follows the experience of a tragic event. Therefore, self-care has a special place in the lives of patients to minimize the effects of this disorder. The implementation of self-care health interventions has an impact on the recovery process and health of these patients.

The aim of this study was to collect and evaluate the research conducted on self-care in patients with PTSD.

The present study aimed to review. Information was selected by searching Persian and English articles with review and analytical include criteria, reading title, combat-related PTSD samples and self-care for these patients and article exclude criteria, low relevance to the repetitive topic and overlapping articles. By searching for the keywords of self-care, care deficit, systematic review, and PTSD were examined at reputable databases including Google Scholar, Magiran SID, Iran Medex, PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, and Scopus the period from April 2004 to July 2019.

In this study, 103 articles were reviewed and then based on the include criteria and the articles that were most relevant to the subject under study. The remaining 18 articles, 6 of which were in Persian and 12 in English. As the results of different studies, the effect of self-care behaviors such as relaxation, deep breathing training, going to work, exercise and regular nutrition, going to the place where the accident occurred, and adequate rest on reducing PTSD symptoms have been reported.

Self-care training is effective in reducing PTSD symptoms and improving these patients, and due to the increase in accidents and subsequent post-traumatic stress disorder, it is recommended that self-care in this group of patients using special coping skills In the case of PTSD, the relevant symptoms and the balanced lifestyle should be taught and improved. In the care of these patients, it seems necessary to use a comprehensive self-care model. According to limited research on self-care of these patients, it is recommended that more relevant research be performed in the future.

Bioterrorism is the deliberate release of highly pathogenic biological agents including a variety of microorganisms or biological toxins that kill a large number of people. By training self-care programs about bioterrorism, the severe effects and consequences of bioterrorism actions can be reduced to some extent. The present study outlines the importance and role of self-care programs in bioterrorism attacks.

In this review, published papers related to self-care programs in bioterrorism attacks were searched in the library resources and databases of Google, SID, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Civilica and the CDC website from 2015 to 2020. Keywords of microbial agents, bioterrorism, biological warfare, self-care and self-rescue, bioluminescence, nanosensor and detector and training were used. The retrieved papers were critically reviewed and evaluated in line with the objectives of the study.

A total of 186 papers were found in the search. After excluding the papers without full text, 91 articles remained. In the screening stage, 34 papers were removed due to the non-relevance of the title and abstracts. Then 23 papers were removed due to invalid methodology, inconsistency of title and text, and finally, 34 papers were critically evaluated.

Considering the effective role of training in self-care programs to deal with bioterrorism agents; it is recommended that in addition to the national media, these programs be included in the curriculum of all academic disciplines

The spiritual education of students, by professors in the position of mentors, requires spiritual empowerment and deepening of spirituality in the university environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a spiritual empowerment program on the spiritual mentoring competence of soft war officers.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in 2020 on 98 army commanders in Tehran. Commanders were selected based on inclusion criteria by available sampling method and divided into two groups of control and test by random group assignment. After obtaining informed written consent, completing the demographic form and occupational spiritual health questionnaire, the intervention was performed for the experimental group during the distance education program with a multimedia method based on the sound heart model with the aim of gaining trust, increasing knowledge about spiritual health, development of communication with God, self, people and the natural world, and motivation. The intervention was performed by donating educational software and following the training in the virtual network for 15 weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. After four months (at the end of the intervention time), the questionnaire was completed again by both groups. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and analytical statistical methods (Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests, Chi-square test and Fisherchr('39')s exact test) were used to analyze the data.

There was no significant difference between the mean and standard deviation of the occupational spiritual health of the two groups before the intervention (254.54 82 ± 13.82 in the control group and 257.59 ± 11.0 in the intervention group). After the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of this index in the intervention group (P <0.001) by 106 units to 363.12 ± 68.51. The correlation coefficient (r) between occupational spiritual health and Allison spiritual health was 0.76 and the value was P <0.001.

Due to the necessity of deepening spirituality in military-training centers and the effect of the spiritual empowerment program on the competence of spiritual mentoring of commanders, the use of this educational software is recommended.

The attitude of military professors towards life events and job stresses affects their health. If stressful events are considered as spiritual experience, they cause less harm to people’s spiritual health.

The present study was conducted to investigate the correlation between daily spiritual experience and spiritual health in professors of military universities.

In this descriptive-cross-sectional study conducted in 2019, 150 military professors were selected using convenience sampling based on the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficient. Significance level was 0.05.

There was a positive and significant correlation between the score of spiritual health and spiritual experience of professors (r = 0.18, P = 0.01). The correlation between spiritual health and daily spiritual experience in professors in subgroup of selected university A, Selected University B and selected university C was (r=0.005, P=0.39: ) (P=0.02, r= 0.32) and (r: 0.04, P=04.77), respectively, which were statistically significant in selected universities A and B affiliated to the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Considering the correlation between spiritual health and daily spiritual experience, it is recommended to implement methods to promote spiritual health, change attitudes toward life events, and religion-oriented struggling with job stress in Faculty Empowerment Program.

Assessing the spiritual health of professors (soft war officers) is essential to deepen the spirituality of the university environment and counteract cultural invasion. The professional spiritual health assessment should be done without measuring religiosity and inquisition. The purpose of this study was to design and validate a self-assessment questionnaire for the professional spiritual health of professors (soft war officers).

This was a sequential exploratory study of instrument making. Data were collected in sequential chronological order. In the results interpretation part, data correlation was performed. In qualitative phase using the concept analysis method of Schwartz and Kim hybrid model with deductive/inductive analysis approach was done in three stages: a theoretical review of religious and scientific evidence, fieldwork with in-depth individual interviews and discussion in focus groups, final data analysis based on "Contractual Content Analysis Method", the initial version of the questionnaire was developed in the form of 73 initial measurable items. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, face validity, qualitative and quantitative content (CVR and CVI), structural validity, to determine reliability of internal consistency (Cronbachchr('39')s alpha) and stability were performed.

The CVR score in 67 items was higher than the Lewsheh table number (0.33). Five items without the required score were removed from the questionnaire. The results of CVI calculation showed that all items received a CVI score higher than 0.79. The final questionnaire had 67 items. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed the existence of a 7-factor model (model of spirituality, courage, kindness, wisdom, modesty, self-respect, justice) in the structure of items. Internal consistency of the questionnaire (with Cronbachchr('39')s alpha of 0.9) showed that all items had a high correlation and were significant at the level of p <0.05.

Using this questionnaire allows professors (soft war officers) to examine professional spiritual distress and diagnose spiritual problems. The use of spiritual care guidelines, daily self-calculation, enables cultivation so that they, in the position of spiritual mentors, can achieve the Islamization of the university and the fight against soft war.

Iran is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Hospital readiness is important for providing services to patients in times of crisis and can be considered an important indicator in crisis management. The present study was conducted to determine the functional preparedness of selected military hospitals in response to tragedy and disasters. This cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted in two AJA-military hospitals in Tehran in 2020. A random sampling method was used to select hospitals. A checklist of functional preparedness of hospitals in response to disasters was used to collect data. Data were analyzed and coded with SPSS software. According to the results, the mean and standard deviation of the functional preparedness score for hospitals A and B were 86.17±4.24 and 81.76±10.52, respectively, and the total average score was 83.97±8.21, which indicated good conditions. The results of the independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the preparedness between the two studied hospitals (p=0.124). In hospital A, Recovery after Disaster, Increase capacity and Continuation of vital services and in hospital B, Support and Procurement Management, Continuation of vital services and Human resources areas had the lowest level of readiness. According to the results, the studied hospitals were weak in functional preparedness, and hence should be repaired and improved in this field.

Numerous job stresses in military instructors damage their spiritual health and necessitate spiritual self-care. Considering the importance of teacher empowerment, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of spiritual empowerment with a multimedia method based on the sound heart model on the spiritual health of military teachers in an interventional study.

The present study was a randomized clinical trial, conducted in Tehran in 2019, on 98 military professors (49 in the experimental group and 49 in the control group). The samples were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Intervention for the experimental group, a multimedia training based on a sound heart model with the aim of gaining trust, knowledge, communication development, motivation, by donating educational software and following the training in the virtual network, was implemented for 15 weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. Before and immediately after the intervention, Pulotzin and Ellison spiritual health questionnaire was completed by both groups.

The difference between the two groups in terms of spiritual health index, after receiving the desired intervention and adjusting the effect of baseline values in the two groups was equal to 24.09 (22.69-25.49) and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Also, after receiving the intervention, the difference between the two groups was significant in terms of religious health index 11.97 (11.11-12.83) and Existential health 11.90 (10.99-12.79) (p<0.001).

According to the results of the present study, it seems that the intervention based on a Sound Heart model has a significant effect on improving the mental health of military teachers.

Nurses play an important role in responding to natural disasters. The aim of this study was to describe the functional dimensions and professional competencies of military nurses in disasters and emergencies.

This study is a systematic review. In order to review and explain the professional competency of military nurses in disasters and emergencies, 100 published papers during January 2000 to July 2019 were selected through searching in the scientific databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Google Scholar and SID, using the keywords emergence or disaster preparedness and core competency of nurses in disaster or emergence, and nursing and nurses military nursing or military nurses and the role of military nursing. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 13 articles related to the research topic were studied and reviewed.

Nurses' roles can be categorized into three areas: professional competence, leadership, and operations. These roles including care based on professional competencies, organizational competencies, leadership and management of medical teams, vital and special care in difficult conditions, safe transfer and evacuation of injured, care of injured in disaster (Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive), protecting oneself and others (personal protection), battlefield triage, moral resilience and psychological support, caring for vulnerable and high-risk individuals and out-of-scope nursing roles. Although some of these roles overlap with the civilian nurses, others emphasize the special and unique roles of military nurses.

Considering the necessity of providing high quality and safe services at the highest possible level of injuries in various areas, especially in times of crisis and disasters, and the effective presence of military nurses in all stages of a disaster incidents. It is required that all military nurses benefit from the training and development of useful knowledge in order to implement long-term medical care programs for injured people in crisis situations.