m .ghorbanian

A glycidyl azide polymer hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene–glycidyl azide polymer (GAP-HTPB-GAP) triblock copolymer was synthesized in two steps. Firstly, the HTPB-PECH triblock copolymer was prepared via cationic ring-opening polymerization of epichlorohydrin using HTPB as an initiator. Subsequently, the final copolymer was produced through the azidation of the initial copolymer. The obtained product is characterized by 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal behavior of the triblock copolymer was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the final copolymer was determined to be -55°C, indicating a favorable Tg value for the synthesized copolymer. Effective parameters for the synthesis of copolymers were investigated. The optimized synthesis conditions for synthesis of the initial copolymer included a 1:5 ratio of HTPB initiator to epichlorohydrin monomer, toluene as the solvent, and a monomer addition time of 24 hours. The primary synthetic PECH- HTPB-PECH copolymer was obtained with yield of 90% and a molecular weight (Mn) of 2947 g/mol. The optimal conditions for the final copolymer synthesis included a solvent mixture of toluene/dimethylacetamide, an azidation temperature of 80°C, and a reaction time of 72 hours. The GAP-HTPB-GAP copolymers were obtained with yield of 96% and a molecular weight (Mn) of 3110 g/mol.

Many of the social and security issues of the Zayandeh-Rud basin are the result of the government becoming the sole agent of governance and the gaps in the command-control governance structure. It is clear that the main issue to achieve participatory governance is the gap in stakeholder relations and the lack of a coherent and flexible agenda to improve these relations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide solutions for improving relationships as a starting point and key to reforming the governance structure. The management and transition framework (MTF) was used to analyze the stakeholders and the relationships between them that showed the concentration of tension in the relationship between Isfahan farmers and the Ministry of Energy (Isfahan Regional Water Company). Also, using the MTF database and the participatory model building (PMB) based on interviews with key Stakeholders, the causes, solutions, consequences, and obstacles to improve these relationships were extracted in the form of causal circles. Finally, by focusing on the solutions, the conceptual model of improving the relations between the Stakeholders and the solutions presented by the interviewees, including holding local elections and convening the Zayandeh-Rud Basin water assembly, mediation with interdisciplinary knowledge approach, participatory management working groups, the formation and strengthening of the economic committee improve the livelihood of farmers, the holding of government meetings with farmers and industries were reviewed.

The first objective of our study was to determine whether Encoded Archival EAD is compatible with IranMARC (local version of UNIMARC for Iran). The second objective was to explore EAD elements with high priority. The latter is highly important to the work of Archivists at the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) for converting archival records to EAD.

The research steps were as follows: 1) Development of a map to match EAD with both UNIMARC and IranMARC; 2) Quantifying EAD; 3) Weighting EAD elements; 4) Determining structural compatibility EAD with UNIMARC and IranMARC and identification of EAD elements with high priorities to value corresponding fields in UNIMARC and IranMARC.

The developed map of EAD-UNIMARC-IranMARC showed that 77 EAD elements out of 107 have corresponding fields in UNIMARC and 72 in IranMARC. Structural compatibility rate of UNIMARC and EAD was 73% and 68.7% with IranMARC. Also, 75 EAD elements out of 107 were found to be of high priority.

This research primarily contributes to the improvement of information organization in Iran and to the development of a map of EAD-UNIMARC-IranMARC. This map not only will serve as a tool for measuring structural compatibility EAD with UNIMARC and IranMARC, but is valuable by itself. In this map we have used the fields of block 4 to establish connections among archives records. Currently, archivists of NLAI suffice to create most of the records at a file level. Our findings can be used to prepare a manual. In addition to structural compatibility of IranMARC with EAD, the method of arrangement and description may affect the readiness of conversion of archival records to EAD. High rate of compatibility EAD to UNIMARC (73%) may be promising for countries who have used UNIMARC to retrieve their archival materials and intent to implement EAD to move toward linked data and connection to semantic web. The lack of 30 EAD corresponding elements in UNIMARC is an issue. We will communicate with IranMARC Committee and ask them to prepare and forward proposals for this purpose, to the Permanent UNIMARC Committee (PUC). By identification of EAD elements with high priority, NLAI may generate enhanced records to convert to EAD by preparing a manual for required and high priority EAD elements. The reason for the difference in structural compatibility of UNIMARC and IranMARC with EAD is the failure of National Library of Iran Software (called RASA) to update IranMARC. Fields of 371, 631, 632 should be added to RASA immediately. Our findings may be useful to countries who use UNIMARC. The method of quantifying EAD may be applicable to other models and standards. Also, we found that some EAD elements have several fields in UNIMARC and IranMARC. Further research can be carried out to explore the value of each field. This helps archival centers to make decisions about the priority of fields when one element has several corresponding fields. We suggest that the content of NLAI database for archival records be reviewed based on the map we developed. This would be helpful in identifying possible required fields as well as fields with high priority once conversion to EAD is to be done.

A great number of tuberculosis (TB) patients present to the private sector to receive care; therefore, integrating TB control programs into private sector activities can enhance the control of TB. The Public-Private Mix (PPM) program is suggested by the World Health Organization to engage the private sector in TB control programs. In this study, a plan designed for PPM was piloted Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran.

In this community trial, pre-intervention assessment covered 18 months prior to the study. The intervention was a PPM package that was integrated into the health system by Karaj County Health Center. Then, three-month post-intervention data were collected. Analysis was performed with the SPSS 16 software using chi-square test.

After the intervention, there was an increase of 40.7% in suspected cases of TB per month and an increase of 101.7% in smear positive TB cases diagnosed by Karaj laboratories. The ratio of smear positive cases to all suspected TB patients was 4.57% before and 6.56% after the intervention. The percentage of three sputum sample positive patients was 75.5% and 89.9% before and after the intervention, respectively.

The developed PPM program markedly improved the case detection; therefore, it is suggested to fix the potential defects of the program and implement it in all parts of the country.

This paper examines procedural modeling as a tool for 3D modeling creation. Procedural modeling historically has been used for 3D visualization of natural features, but with the release of the software CityEngine in 2008, the technology can easily be adopted also in problem domains dealing with urban environments.Then, we will examine and compare two types of modeling, traditional and procedural modeling and consider the advantages of procedural modeling. furthermore, reviewed the features of CityEngine software and introduced CityEngine as a software application that uses the procedural modeling system.Procedural modeling deals with (semi-)automatic content generation by means of a program or procedure. We survey procedural methods that are useful to design roads, buildings, and entire cities. In this survey, we focus particularly on the degree of the use of procedural modeling in the design of cities, streets, buildings, etc, in by CityEngine software. This paper examines how architectural shape grammars can be used to procedurally generate 3D modeling.In the end, considering the advantages of the procedural modeling, we propose procedural modeling (Algorithmically) to replace the manual modeling (Traditional methods) to increase the accuracy, speed, and design efficiency, furthermore, the flexibility of this approach helps to quickly change and regenerate the model as a new model.

In order to investigate effect of adding fertilizer on crop coefficient root and shoot growth of maize a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three texture treatment including silty clay loam, loam and sandy-loam soil and three fertility treatment was conducted at the experimental farm in Jey and Qahab district of Isfahan was conducted. Reference evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration of maize were measured by evaporation pan method and volumetric soil water balance method using micro lysimeters. The results of this study showed that using fertilizer caused increasing of crop coefficient of maize at all growth stages except for the initial stage of plant growth. Maximum and minimum effect of soil fertility on increasing crop coefficient of maize in the middle stage was equal to 37.8% in the loamy soil and 18.3% in the sandy loam soil with two percent fertilizer. The results also showed that the addition of fertilizer to the soil in each soil type significantly increased shoot yield (fresh and dry weight of shoot dry weight of leaf, stem and ear, plant height and the distance between nodes), but had no significant differences on corn root traits. The highest increase in fresh and dry weight of corn shoots loam soils, respectively 3.46% and 55.2% with the addition of two percent of the fertilizer into the soil, respectively.