m .zakerkish

Diabetes is a significant global health issue, often linked to disturbances in restoring balance following postural disorders. Individuals with diabetic neuropathy, are 15 times more prone to injuries such as falls, fractures, sprained ankles, and bruises when walking and standing, compared to those with diabetes who do not have neuropathy. Therefore, preventing falls is an issue that deserves special attention in the care of individuals with diabetic neuropathy. In the present study, various articles on the relationship between diabetic neuropathy and reactive balance control disorders were reviewed in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Iran Medex, Magiran, and Google Scholar databases. Based on the results obtained from the studies, individuals with diabetic neuropathy exhibit greater postural fluctuation and slower speed, as well as a longer delay, in initiating balance responses to postural disturbances compared to individuals with diabetes who do not have neuropathy. The studies conducted so far on the control of reactive balance in individuals with diabetic neuropathy have determined that the disruption of automatic postural responses can lead to postural instability and limitations in the daily activities of this group of patients. It is suggested that preventive solutions and appropriate training programs be specifically designed for these patients to enhance automatic postural responses and reduce the risk of falling and injury.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most frequent chronic liver disease affecting individuals of all age groups and is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study aimed to determine the frequency of NAFLD in adult patients with T2DM and some associated risk factors.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed with T2DM at Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2020. All participants underwent abdominal ultrasonography to diagnose NAFLD and measure its grade. All the relevant clinical and biochemical characteristics were measured.

A total of 186 diabetic patients, including 75 women (40.32%) and 111 men (59.68%), with a mean age of 46.85±10.50 years, participated in this study. Ultrasound results revealed that all patients with T2DM (100%) had NAFLD, with 51 (27.42%) having fatty liver grade 1, 105 (56.45%) having grade 2, and 30 (16.13%) having grade 3. The severity of fatty liver in ultrasonography was directly and significantly correlated with smoking (P<0.001), weight (P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (P<0.001), glycemic control (P=0.032), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level (P=0.001).

Our results indicated that NAFLD was highly prevalent among patients with T2DM in our study population, and all patients exhibited varying grades of NAFLD. This finding demonstrates the importance of screening T2DM patients for NAFLD and the management of related risk factors in routine clinical settings.