فهرست مطالب m shahriari

Unbalanced development of different land use/cover in basins without considering the contribution of all components, can cause serious damage to the stability of the entire basin. The development of agricultural areas by increasing the amount of water use and creating dams upstream of rivers are the most important threats to wetlands in many places. Jazmorian wetland is one of the seasonal wetlands in the south-east of Iran. The most important source of water supply for this wetland is the Halil-Rood River. To investigate the land use/cover changes of Jazmurian wetland and  Halil-Rood River, the time series of Landsat satellite data for the years 1354, 1374, 1387, and 1401 were used in the present research. The Landsat satellite images were classified using a hybrid classification method and the land use/cover of the study area maps were prepared. The accuracy of the prepared maps for the latest image was calculated by preparing the error matrix, calculating the kappa index, and the overall accuracy of more than 0.8 and 9%, respectively. The investigation of the prepared maps showed that the area of land under water increased from 1354 to 1374 and then decreased from 119,552 hectares in 1374 to 723 hectares in 1401. The area of agricultural land increased from 2131 hectares in 1354 to 133913 hectares in 1387 and declined to 105795 hectares in 1401. The results of this study show that in this period, with the construction of a dam upstream of the Halil-Rood River, and the development of agricultural lands, the water volume level of the wetland decreased, and the wetland completely dried up in 1401. The present study indicates the necessity of considering different components of a watershed in development planning to achieve sustainable development.

Oil waste, is one of the most important pollutants in the oil and gas industry. Since the wells' oil has significant saltwater, the effluent amount increases with increasing oil reservoir extraction. Separating the saltwater from the extracted oil before starting the refinery process plays an essential role in reducing the oil costs as well as the useful transfer capacity. This paper presents a new Chapman-Kolmogorov Equation-based (CKEB) method to evaluate a desalination system's availability with three-state equipment and weighted-k-out-of-n configuration. In this system, the equipment is repairable, and each repair facility can repair all equipment types of different sub-systems (pump stations). We consider all failures and repairs to have a constant rate (with Exponential distribution) and use the Chapman-Kolmogorov Equation to drive the system’s availability. Then we validate the presented method using a simulation technique. Finally, the elapsed time of both solving techniques is compared. The results show the superiority of the CKEB technique in terms of computational time. Compared with the simulation technique, the computational time ratio for the CKEB method is between 0.0002% to 0.0058% for the small-size problems, between 0.05% to 0.94% for the medium-size problems, and between 1.31% to 5.39% for the large-size problems.

In this research, the fabrication of transparent Alumina was done by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Two types of alpha and gamma Alumina powders with particle size of 200 and 50 nm were used, respectively. The sintering assisted materials used in this research were magnesium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate, each of which was used 100 ppm using a chemical precipitation process. Calcination was performed at 800°C and the resulting powders were subjected to SPS at 1500 °C with a rate of 50 °C/min for 15 minutes under a pressure of 70 MPa. The phase composion was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) before and after SPS. The morphology of the powders and the microstructure of the sintered samples were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bulk density was obtained to be 3.94 gr/cm3 and 3.9 gr/cm3 in the alpha and gamma samples, respectively. The UV-Visible transmission test showed 20% transmission in the alpha alumina sample. The amount of IR transmission in the alpha and gamma samples was obtained to be 65% and 25%, respectively. The alpha alumina sample had a higher transmission percentage and density compared to the gamma sample.

This paper has calculated the energy levels of 185-187-189Os isotopes using the projected shell model (PSM). Yrast Spectrum, nucleus rotation frequency and the ratio of reduced electromagnetic transition probabilities, B(E2)/B(M1) plots versus spin for understanding the structure of multi-quasiparticle band up to the spins 47/2+, 33/2+ and 31/2+ for these isotopes, are plotted, respectively. It was found that in the spin ranges 35/2+-39/2+, 31/2+-33/2+, and 27/2+-29/2+, due to 3-quasiparticle band-crossing, simultaneously by increasing rotational inertia of the nucleus, nucleus rotation frequency decreases greatly and as an important result, B(E2)/B(M1) ratio, the electrical properties of the nucleus in these spins increase. Indeed, in these isotopes, observed that by increasing neutron number, the deformation parameter, ε2 decreases as well, and by increasing spin in especial spins, due to nucleon alignment phenomenon, the nucleus rotational behavior decreases inverse the vibration mode.

Essential oils are a variety of compounds, and their monoterpenoids, as the main constituents may impair insects' physiological and behavioral functions and could thus be applied in pest management. In addition to causing damage to stored products, the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lep.: Pyralidae), is actually an easy model to grow in the laboratory and is one of the suitable insects to determine toxicity and in vivo interactions of xenobiotics with physiological systems of insects. In the present study, in order to better understand the mechanism of action of trans-anethole as one of the most important secondary metabolites of the Apiaceae family, the oral toxicity of this compound was evaluated on the activities of digestive and detoxifying enzymes, and metabolites involving in intermediate metabolism of the fourth instar of E. kuehniella.

Fourth instar larvae of E. kuehniella were randomly selected and separately exposed to 1 g of the artificial diet containing 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 μL/g of trans-anethole while the control larvae fed on the diet containing acetone. The bioassay test was performed in 3 replicates with 10 larvae per replication. Mortality was determined after 24 h and LC50 value was calculated by POLO-plus software. Ephestia kuehniella larvae were exposed to the LC50 value of trans-anethole to determine its effects on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic components. After 24 of exposure, the larvae hemolymph, midgut, and fat bodies were extracted. Hemolymph samples were immediately centrifuged at 15000 × g at 4°C for 20 min, while samples of midgut and fat bodies were initially homogenized by a glass pestle and then centrifuged under the same conditions. The hemolymph samples were used to assay the detoxifying enzymes and enzymes of intermediary metabolism, while the midgut samples were used to assess the digestive enzymes. Fat body samples and head capsules were also used for energy reserves.

The LC50 value of trans-anethole against the larvae was 7.03 μL g-1. Significant decrease in the digestive enzyme activities (α-amylase, α and β-glucosidase, lipase) and specific proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, amino and carboxy peptidase) were observed. In contrast, the activity of the detoxifying enzymes (esterases, and glutathione S- transferase) increased in the treated insects. The activities of amino transferases (alanine, aspartate, and gamma-glutamyl) significantly increased in the treated larvae by trans-anethole. Significant decreases in lactate dehydrogenase and phosphatase (acid and alkaline) were observed after treatment. Moreover, the amount of storage macromolecules (total protein, glycogen, and triglyceride) in the treated insects was significantly decreased compared to the control.

Our research revealed that trans-anethole is a toxic compound to E. kuehniella by reducing the survival and digestive efficiency of the larvae. Moreover, trans-anethole significantly enhanced the detoxifying enzymes activities. When the larvae were exposed to LC50 of trans-anethole, the digestive activity was reduced due to the cytotoxic effects of trans-anethole on epithelial cells of the larval alimentary canal. Our results demonstrated that trans-anethole might have a promising potential to develop as a safe compound to suppress E. kuehniella population. For the practical use of trans-anethole to control E. kuehniella, it is required to determine the accurate mode of action, and using appropriate formulations to increase its efficacy in long-term applications.

This paper presents a new redundancy allocation problem for a system with the k-out-of-n configuration at the subsystems’ level with two active and cold standby redundancy strategies. The failure rate of components in each subsystem depends on the number of working components. The components are non-reparable, and the failure rate of the component can be decreased with some preventive maintenance actions. The model has two objective functions: maximizing the system’s reliability and minimizing the system’s costs. The system aims to find the type and number of components in each subsystem, redundancy strategy of subsystems, as well as the decreased values of components failure rates in subsystems. Since the redundancy allocation problem belongs to NP-Hard problems, two Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and Non-Dominated Ranked genetic algorithm (NRGA) metaheuristic algorithms were used to solve the presented model and to tune algorithms parameters we used response surface methodology (RSM). Besides, these algorithms were compared using five different performance metrics. Finally, the hypothesis test was used to analyze the results of the algorithms.

Hypertension is one of the most important public health issues in different countries around the world. The disease is common, asymptomatic and often indistinguishable. If the risk factors of the disease which include an inappropriate diet, obesity, low activity and exercise, smoking, consumption of alcohol and stress are not controlled, the disease can lead to fatal complications in the absence of treatment. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between hypertension and its related risk factors in people over 30 years of age living in Isfahan. This descriptive-correlational research was conducted in 2013-2014. This study was conducted with a sample of 4900 men and women selected by using a simple and cluster sampling method in the city of Isfahan.
The research instrument was a researcher-developed questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and information about risk factors for hypertension. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests in the SPSS software version 18. The results showed that the mean age of the units was 48.57 ± 11.28 years and the mean BMI was 26.71 ± 4.1 kg/m2. The mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the studied units were 12.45 ± 16.6 mmHg and 78.47 ± 10.42 mmHg, respectively. Also, there was a direct correlation between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure with age, BMI and waist circumference (p<0.001). The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between sex and hypertension. In males (13.9%) it was higher than females ( 98.9%) (p<0.001). The results of this study provide a real picture of the underlying causes of people's attitude toward hypertension in the population of Isfahan residents. It is recommended to take these results into consideration in the design and implementation of any interventional program for the control and prevention of hypertension in this area.

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a chronic disease which influences different aspects of human’s life such as the psychological and social dimensions. The patients’ recovery of balance in these dimensions needs proper and pre-planned care.The aim of this study was to biologically examine the effects of a care plan upon the extent of the patient’s adaptability with psychosocial dimensions in reference to Roy’s adaptation mod. In this clinical trial, 50 CVA patients in selected hospitals of Isfahan during 2014-2015 were selected through accessibility sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of similar size. The data were collected via researchers’ developed form of recognition and review of Roy’s Model. The care plan was developed based on the maladaptation behaviors and their stimuli which were implemented in the study group and follow-up study was also done. The control group received routine cares. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and the statistical tests were analyzed. The mean score of adaptation before intervention in two groups showed there was no significant difference between psychological adjustment (i.e. self-perception, independence-dependence) and social dimension (role-playing) while a significant difference was found between two groups after intervention (P<0.001). The results of the present study showed that the designed care plan based on the Roy’s model with holistic approach and care based on cooperation among the units are able to enhance the adaptation of psychosocial dimensions among patients with CVA.

The present research aimed to investigate the relationship between creativity and mental health in talented and normal students . 400 high school students were chosen by multi stages sampling method and they were given Abedy creativity and S.C.L 90 R tests. The results showed a significant difference in creativity and mentalhealth between normal and talented students. But the results on mentalhealth showed a significant difference only between girl and boy students.

Expression of cell surface molecules associated with lymphoid and myeloid lineage differentiation on the blasts of 53 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was investigated. 1.9% of cases were only HLA"7DR+ 7.6% were HLA-DR+, CDI9+ 22.6% were HLA-DR+, CDI9+, CDI0+ 30.2% were HLADR+, CDI9+, CDlO±, CD20+ and 37.7% were HLA-DR±, CD7+, CD5±. Aberrant expression of one or more myeloid antigens including CDI3, CDI5, CD33 and CD34 was found in 30.2% of cases. The relationship of myeloid positive (MY+ ALL) and negative cases (MY- ALL) with patient characteristics were studied. No significant differences in clinical features, response to therapy or survival was found between the two groups. Study of each marker separately indicated an association between expression of CD5 and CD 1 0 with age and expression of CD20 and CD33 with decrease in hemoglobin (p<0.03). No correlation between expression of markers and survival was found except for CD 13 and CD 15 antigens (p<0.03). CDI5+ cases showed longer survival than negative cases (541±72 vs. 364±34 days) whereas CDI3+ cases showed shorter survival than negative ones (378±32 vs. 616±,106). showed a trend towards a longer or shorter survival.