فهرست مطالب m. gorji

Considering the high damage caused by storage pests and the adverse effects of chemical pesticides, using plant compounds is considered one of the best options for controlling storage pests. Essential oils are an effective plant compound with a high fumigant effect. In this study, Oviposition deterrence and ovicidal activities of three native species of savory were investigated to select the savory essential oil with the highest insecticidal properties.
First, three native species of savory (Satureja sahendica, Satureja khuzistanica, and Satureja macrantha) were collected, and essential oils were extracted after drying. All three essential oils were injected into a gas chromatograph and gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer to determine chemical compounds. Experiments were performed in a completely randomized design and were evaluated under laboratory conditions (27±1°C, 65±10 R.H. and 16:8 L:D).To determine the oviposition deterrence of the oils, one pair of one-day-old adult moths was exposed to different concentrations of the oils for four days, and the number of deposited eggs was counted. Also, one-day-old eggs were exposed to three oil concentrations at 3, 12, and 25 μl essential oil/l air. The percentage of egg hatching was recorded after 96 hours. The experiment was performed in 5 replications.
The results showed that carvacrol content, as the principal active ingredient of S. khuzistanica, was 91.5%. Thymol (48.59%), p-cymene (59.5%) and γ-terpinene (18.57%) had the highest amount in the essential oil of S. sahendica, respectively. The dominant components of S. macranthaessential oil were p-cymene (59.5%), γ-terpinene and thymol (13.5%). All three essential oils had the Oviposition deterrent activity, and the rate of Oviposition deterrence increases with increasing concentration of essential oils. Different concentrations of three savory essential oils showed that at a concentration of one microliter with S. khuzistanica essential oil, more than 50% oviposition deterrent activity was observed. In comparison, oviposition deterrent activity was observed for two other savory essential oils at a concentration of 3 microliters. Among the investigated essential oils, S. khuzistanica had the highest effect of oviposition deterrent activity on Mediterranean flour moths. Also, there is a significant difference in the ovicidal activity of S. khuzistanica compared to the others, which can be attributed to its high carvacrol content. In contrast to the low insecticidal effect of the essential oil of S. macrantha, it has had a very suitable effect of oviposition deterrent activity.
All three types of savory essential oils had sound oviposition deterrence effects and ovicidal activity, but S. khuzistanicaessential oil in the lowest concentration had better oviposition deterrence effects and ovicidal activity than S. sahendica and S. macrantha, that it is also more acceptable from an economic point of view. Based on the results of this research, the essential oils of native Iranian savory spices can control storage pests; only high volatility and insolubility in water are the main limitations in the widespread use of essential oils. However, the nanoencapsuled essential oil, through the controlled release of active ingredients, overcomes the restrictions of plant essential oil usage in storage. Therefore, more studies are needed to use essential oils in pest control using this method

Compliance with ethical principles in entrepreneurial behavior can be one of the important factors that provide the context for the development of ethics in work processes and business development. With the understanding of this importance, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and validating the effective factors of entrepreneurial behavior with an emphasis on ethical factors in the executive bodies of Golestan province.

The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative), in the qualitative part, the qualitative content analysis method was used with an inductive approach, and in the quantitative part, the descriptive-survey method was used. The participants in the qualitative part were university experts and professors, and in the quantitative part there were managers of Golestan province's government agencies. Sampling method was used in the targeted qualitative part of the theoretical type with 10 people and in the quantitative part it was stratified random and 280 people were selected as a statistical sample for investigation. The research data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part through open coding and in the quantitative part through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in Lisrel, SPSS22 software.

The findings of the qualitative section showed that 59 effective indicators on entrepreneurial behavior with an emphasis on ethical factors were identified in four factors of ethical factors in the executive bodies of Golestan province. The findings of the quantitative section also showed that the model for measuring the effective factors of entrepreneurial behavior was confirmed with an emphasis on ethical factors, and the fit indices of the model were also evaluated as appropriate.

Identifying effective ethical factors can be considered as a strategy in order to promote entrepreneurial behaviors

One of the criteria for the progress of science production in academic societies is to write a scientific-research article. The publication of scientific-research articles in the contemporary period is a good opportunity to share the findings of researchers and inform the audience about the latest scientific achievements. Despite the quantitative growth of the publication of such articles in the last decade, not enough attention has been paid to their evaluation and criticism. In the field of Persian language and literature, one of the fields of research is the examination of the texts of mystics and mystics such as Hafez, Sana'i, and Molavi. In the meantime, Molavi is one of the people who have written many scholars about his opinions and thoughts and have shown his views according to his works. Among Maulavi's works, his spiritual Masnavi has a special place in introducing Maulavi's thoughts and many articles have been written about Maulavi. The purpose of this essay is to review and analyze these works due to their large volume.

In this article, 355 scientific-research articles published on Masnavi, in various academic and non-academic publications in Persian language from 2001 to 2013, with a descriptive-analytical method in two forms, the time of publication and the subject of the articles under review, review and classification It has been classified and the weak points of these articles have been examined in terms of structure.

In many of these articles, there are shortcomings and disadvantages such as the inconsistency of the title with the content, the disproportion of the abstract of the article, inattention or lack of attention to the background of the research, the use of inappropriate language, the descriptive and superficial nature of the articles, the lack of approach to analytical research, there is the repetitiveness of the subject, and the imposition of meaning on the text.

From the examination of the mentioned damages, it can be concluded that despite the large number of articles about Maulavi's Masnavi in the period of 2001 to 2013, the quality of these articles is not very favorable and since some of these damages are affecting the articles published in There are also academic and scientific-research journals, it is hoped that with the implementation of reform approaches and more accuracy of journals in accepting and publishing works, Masnavi's articles will be of better quality.

Solar energy is the most abundant source of energy among renewable energies, which can be directly converted into electricity by solar modules. To tackle the low energy output of solar modules in places where there are not enough spaces to install many solar modules, the use of reflectors is recommended. The use of reflectors increases the solar radiation on the surface of the module, hence will boost its power output. In this study, two-dimensional simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent 2021 R2 package software in which the effects of a flat plate, parabolic, and hybrid reflectors on the temperature and efficiency of the module were investigated. The numerical simulation of the current study was validated against an experimental case study. Although there were so many simplifications and assumptions for the validation, the maximum deviation between the present numerical result and the experimental was less than 3.86%, which certifies the results of this paper. Based on the output, the surface temperature of the solar module with ˚85 flat plate reflector and ˚85 parabolic reflector reached 360.82 (K) and 371.11 (K), respectively, while the temperature with ˚50 reflector for both parabolic and flat plate modes reached 345.94 (K) and 346 (K), which are approximately equal. It was also observed that with increasing the angle of flat and parabolic reflectors, the module temperature increased, and parabolic reflectors had higher temperatures at higher angles. The module temperature using a type 6 reflector increased by 7.14% and 0.92% compared to the ˚80 flat plate reflector and ˚80 parabolic reflector, respectively. In terms of efficiency, since reflectors will intensify the solar radiation on a solar module surface, it will enhance the operating temperature of the module so that in all cases with reflectors, the efficiency will drop from an initial maximum value to a certain minimum value. This drop is more significant in the parabolic reflectors compared to the flat plate reflectors.

"Silence", despite all its angles and dimensions, is one of the secrets of human excellence in the stages of the mystical journey. In this discourse, when language and mind reach the position of silence; God speaks in the language of mystics and accepts mute speech. Molavi is one of the mystics who emphasizes on "silence of language and mind" and of course this aspect of Molavi's speech has been discussed in the form of numerous researches. On the other hand, one of the contemporary thinkers in the field of Western mysticism and philosophy, who in epistemological fields, has a lot of similarities with Molavi's thought, especially in the category of "silence". It is "Nikos Kazantzakis" who in this article examines the concept of silence, its importance and functions, and its causes and factors.

The research method in this article is a comparative analysis and its purpose is to understand and understand the way and logic of Molavi and Kazantzakis's thinking in the discussion of silence and examine its types, methods and benefits in the fields of belief, desire and behavior. In this research, with the aim of investigating the concept of silence, the most important works of Moulawi (Mathnavi and Divan Kabir) and Kazantzakis (Report to the soil of Greece, lost in the right path, Zorba the Greek, Sufism and spiritual experiences) have been examined.

The findings of the research show that there are many similarities in the thought of Molavi and Kazantzakis despite the intellectual and discourse differences. In the opinion of these two wise thinkers, talkativeness is the biggest mental and psychological pest and damage, the most important result of which is soul contamination and lack of excellence.

The silence of the language leads to the silence of the mind and as a result prepares a person to hear the "call of God".

Plants are the main sources of secondary metabolites with high medical value. The most important member of these valuable compounds are alkaloids with the different drug purposes. Concerning the limited production of some of these metabolites in the plants, these medicinal compounds can be produced naturally and commercially with the identification and transfer of alkaloids-producing enzymes corresponding plant genes to the microorganisms as an alternative method. In this way, the characterization of the corresponding genes is the first step. Among the different enzymes involved in the alkaloid biosynthesis, the cytochrome P450 enzymes play an important role. Due to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization of these enzymes and their glycoprotein characters, they cannot be expressed functionally in the standard bacterial systems. Consequently, the heterologous expression aimed to verify the enzymatic activity can favorably be performed using the eukaryotic systems, like yeast or insect cells. Herein, in this study, with employing a phylogenic comparison of cheilanthifoline synthase sequence of Eschscholzia californica Cham. and comparing the sequence with the homolog amino acid sequences of Chelidonium majus L. achieved from bioinformatics databases, six cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for cheilanthifoline synthase in Ch. majus were identified. To prove the efficacy of these enzymes practically, their genes were cloned into the pPIC3.5 vector. Then, these recombinant vectors were transferred to the yeast cell (Pichia pastoris) and the scoulerine alkaloid was given to its media. Finally, the cheilanthifoline alkaloid microbial production by P. pastoris containing the recombinant plasmids was evaluated by LC-MS. The results of the present study indicated that among the enzymes genes cloned and introduced to the yeast host, only the Contig8931 enzyme had the cheilanthifoline synthase activity.

Geometry of primary nozzle is one of the parameters that affect the performance of a supersonic ejector. In this paper, the effect of using parallel-flow primary nozzle on the performance of a supersonic ejector is experimentally investigated. For this purpose, two primary nozzles, conical and parallel-flow, with the same converging portion and the same ratio of exit surface to throat surface, have been used. The parallel-flow nozzle diverging curve is calculated using the characteristic method. At various positions of the primary nozzle, characteristic curves of the ejectors with conical and parallel-flow nozzles have been compared.The results show that by changing the primary nozzle diverging curve from conical to parallel-flow, at the same position of primary nozzle, the entrainment ratio increases in both critical and subcritical regions. In the critical region, entrainment ratios obtained by the primary nozzle positions 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm are increased by 9.5%, 4.5% and 4.7%, respectively.The optimum position of the primary nozzle changes with changing the primary nozzle diverging curve. At the suitable position of the primary nozzles and without any reduction in critical pressure, the maximum relative increase of entrainment ratio in the critical region is 8%.

The importance of the Iraqi style is not limited to the inclusion of many great works of Persian literature in it, but today, with the development of critical sciences and studies of Western literature, new angles of validity and importance of this style have been identified. Recent studies in the field of Oriental studies and the relationship between Eastern and Western literature show that many features of Western art and literature, especially the literary school of Romanticism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, bear a striking resemblance to Eastern art and literature, especially Iran, when The establishment of the Iraqi style according to the speakers of the sixth to ninth centuries AH in the region of Jabal, Zagros and Ajam has been non-existent. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Iraqi style from this angle.

The present study has been done with a descriptiveanalytical method with the aim of highlighting the similarity between Iranian sentimental literature and Western romantic literature by quoting European sayings and works as well as mentioning and analyzing examples of related works of Iraqi style.

Realizing the similarity between the characteristics of the Iraqi style and some components of the school of Romanticism, especially at the intellectual level, is one of the most important achievements of this study.

Coordinates such as sentimentality, individualism, imagination, religiosity, introversion and sorrow, as well as the tendency towards nature, which are characterized by the literary school of Romanticism, in the works of Iraqi style literature are clearly different from those mentioned in other literary styles. It shows itself, so that according to critics and the existence of Western literary books that have been written according to the works of Persian literature, especially in the Iraqi style, certain traces of similarity with romanticism can be found in this style.

This study was undertaken to determine the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and early maladaptive schemas in the use of virtual social networks among female students. In this correlational study, 398 Tehrani high school girls were selected during 2018-19 school year via Krejcie & Morgan table and stratified sampling method. The instruments included the Virtual Social Networks Use Questionnaire (Eidizadeh & Ahmadi Baloutaki, 2017), Young Schema Questionnaire–Short Form (2003), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire–Short Form (Garnefski, 1999). Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software through Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis step-wise method. The results showed a positive relationship between the use of virtual social networks and the components of re-focusing on planning, disconnection and rejection, impaired limits, and other-directedness. The relationship between self-blame, other-blame, and rumination and use of virtual social networks was positive. Moreover, the results revealed that the components of rumination, re-focusing on planning and impaired limits could account for 0.53, -0.10, and 0.08 percent of the variance in the use of the virtual social network in girl students, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and early maladaptive schemas play an essential role in the use of virtual social networks in girl students and need to be considered in educational programs.

Recognizing the effective parameters on liquid fuel degradation and its shelf life prediction is an important issue. Most of the researches done in this area are limited to synthetic fuels. In this work, the shelf life of hydrocarbon fuel and the effect of vessel material, blanketing gas and vessel temperature on the amount of generated gum in the fuel have been investigated. The results showed that both aluminum and stainless steel materials are suitable for storage vessel. Moreover, the amount of gum reduces to one-ninth by nitrogen rather than oxygen. Therefore, the stainless steel vessels with nitrogen blanketing gas have been utilized for accelerated ageing tests. According to kinetic studies, the reaction of gum generation was of zero order and the reaction rate constants and the shelf life of fuel at 20, 30 and 40 °C were predicted to be 0.00254, 0.00616 and 0.0141 mg/ 100 ml. day and 43.4, 17.9 and 7.8 months for Arrhenius approach and 0.00299, 0.00639 and 0.0136 mg/ 100 ml. day and 36.6, 17.2 and 8.1 months for Berthelot approach, respectively.

Shelf life prediction for liquid fuels depends on a reliable and efficient accelerated ageing method. Most of the available researches in this area are limited to isothermal ageing. Therefore, these isothermal ageing methods are not capable to predict shelf life for fuels at non-isothermal ageing conditions. In the previous work, a new approach called reaction severity index was proposed for the prediction of liquid fuels shelf life at isothermal aging behavior and the results of this approach compared with classical Arrhenius one. In this work, at first this approach has been used to predict the Samine fuel shelf life at alternate temperature cycles of 50 and 60 °C. The predicted shelf life based on Arrhenius and Berthelot reaction rate are 104.3 and 106.2 days, respectively that shows a good agreement with the empirical value of 110 days. Then the fuel shelf life was predicted using different temperature patterns. The results showed that the Berthelot approach predicts lower values of shelf life rather than the Arrhenius approach at ambient temperatures, while at higher temperatures the predicted values are approximately the same. Ultimately, the predicted shelf life at temperature patterns of 20,60, 30,60, 4,60, and 50, 60 °C showed that the predicted shelf life of all patterns are in the vicinity of the fuel shelf life at 60 °C. Therefore, the reliability of this approach makes it possible to predict the fuel shelf life for storage conditions at ambient of non-isothermal temperatures.

Due to prolonged storage time of fuel, recognizing the effective parameters on fuel degradation and its shelf life prediction is important. Regarding the need of using a reliable and efficient accelerated ageing method for prediction of fuel shelf life, introducing an efficient approach is necessary for this purpose. Most of the previous researches are limited to Arrhenius classical approach, and are rarely based on Berthelot one. The main objections of these two approaches are their exclusive application for isothermal ageing. In this work, a new approach called reaction severity index is proposed for predicting the shelf life of liquid fuels. Then, the shelf life of Samine fuel is predicted using this approach and compared with Arrhenius results at isothermal conditions. The predicted shelf life using this approach at 20, 30, and 40 °C is 5.64, 2.37, and 1.05 years, respectively. These results are in good agreement with the shelf life predicted using Arrhenius classical approach that predicts 5.69, 2.39, and 1.06 year, respectively. Therefore, the reliability of this approach makes possible to predict the fuel shelf life for storage conditions at ambient temperature.

Boundary layer profle on the upper surface of a supercritical airfoil in pitching motion has been experimentally investigated. Measurements were performed using a boundary layer having total pressure slim tubes positioned at 25% of the chord from the leading edge on the upper surface. In the static mode, the eect of the angle of attack ranging from -3 to 14 degrees and for freestream velocities of 40 m/s to 70 m/s were investigated, where for the dynamic case eects of oscillation amplitude varied between 3 and 10 degrees, reduced frequencies from 0.007 to 0.0313, and mean angles of attack between -3 and 6 degrees, on the boundary layer pro le were studied for one oscillation cycle. Time series of each pressure signals acquired from the pressure sensors were processed after ltering and corrections. To study the amplitude of the dominated frequency in the velocity pro le, Fast Fourier Transformation on the pressure signals acquired from each rake was used. The results indicate hysteresis loops for boundary layer thickness during upstroke and downstroke states and extension of width of hysteresis loops at higher reduced frequency. In addition, boundary layer thickness is decreased as the angle of attack is increased in the upstroke portion of the motion.

Under normal physiological conditions, the transport of blood in the human circulatory system depends entirely on the pumping action of the heart producing a pulsatile pressure gradient throughout the arterial system. The theory of micro uids exhibits the microscopic eects arising from the local structure, and the micro-motion of the uid elements was developed. Such uids support stress and body moments, including rotary inertia. There is a subclass of micro uids, namely, micropolar uids, which support couple stress, body couples, microrotational eects and microrotational inertia. The micropolar uid, e.g. liquid crystals, suspensions and animal blood etc., consists of randomly oriented bar-like elements or dumbbell molecules, and each volume element has a microrotation about its centroid, described in an average sense by the skew-symmetric gyration tensor. From a continuum point of view, the classical Navier- Stokes equations are incapable of explaining the theory of micropolar uid as they contain no proper mechanism to account for the cellular microrotations. In this paper, an unsteady pulsatile laminar blood ow through a viscoelastic artery with large displacement and Cosserat continuum assumption has been developed and numerically investigated, where the blood was assumed to be a micropolar uid. A nite dierence Cosserat formulation is developed within the principles of continuum mechanics. Fluid ow simulation has been undertaken in dierent states, like a rigid exible wall, together with classical theory. By comparing experimental data with Cosserat theory results, some unknown coecients have been determined. The pressure and velocities of unsteady pulsatile blood ow have been obtained according to these coecients by using a pressure correction numerical solution approach for uid and coupling with solid equations. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach has been selected for uid-structure interaction in this paper. The achieved results are in good agreement with experiment data and other analytical solution results. Results in this paper show that the micropolar uid model of blood and the viscoelastic model of the artery, despite the existence of uid solid interaction, increase, in accordance with the numerical results of valid experimental data.

Splash detachment and transport of soil particles by raindrops impacting a soil surface are the initiating mechanisms of water erosion. The aim of this research was to study the interaction effects of land use، slope، and rainfall intensity on splash erosion rate and its components (upslope، downslope transport، and total splash) in Lordegan sub-catchment. A factorial experiment with three variables was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications using a Multiple Splash Set (MSS) which was designed and manufactured for this experiment. The treatments included three types of land uses (rangeland، dry farming and rain-fed farming)، two levels of rainfall intensity (2. 5 and 3. 5 mm. min-1) and two slopes of 5% and 15%. The rangeland soils showed higher organic matter and mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD) and lower calcium carbonates than the dry farming and rain-fed farming soils. There was no significant effect of land use on splash erosion rate and its components، but there was a significant effect of slope and rainfall intensity values on the upslope، downslope، and total splash. Also، the interaction effects of rainfall intensity and land use type showed a significant increasing in splash erosion rate and its components. Therefore، increase in splash erosion rate due to rainfall intensity (from 2. 5 to 3. 5 mm. min-1) in irrigated farming land use was 1. 58 and 1. 16 times that of rangeland and dry farming land uses، respectively.

Iron deficiency is a worldwide nutritional constraint in agricultural lands especially in calcareous soils. Cultivation of crops tolerant to Fe-deficiency is an approach to combat Fe deficiency. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate Fe-efficiency of selected important crops in Iran. A completely randomized block design in triplicates was conducted at IUT research greenhouse in fall 2006. Sweet corn (Hybrid K.S.C. 404), grain corn (Hybrid S.C. 500), safflower (cvs. S3110, S-411), sunflower (Hybrid Hyson) and durum wheat (cv. Shuga) were grown in a nutrient solution at two Fe levels (1 and 10 µM Fe-EDTA). The results showed significant (P < 0.01) variation among the studied crops in Fe-efficiency. Corn hybrids were more sensitive to Fe deficiency (FeE = 26%) as compared to other studied crops, and the greatest reduction was observed in their shoot dry matter at 0.1 mM Fe- EDTA treatment. In contrast, the lowest decrease in root and shoot dry matter weight under Fe-deficient condition was found for durum wheat (FeE=94%). Comparing the calculated Fe-efficiency using different indices showed that Fe concentration and content in the whole plant, shoot and root had no relationship with crop tolerance to Fe deficiency.

One of the prominent contemporary poets of Iran, who compiled creativity and originality along with research and survey, and was indeed taken seriously by both the literary associations and the academic personalities during his lifetime, was the late Qeysar Aminpoor. Works such as All Flowers are Sunflowers, Sudden Mirrors, etc along with his last poetry book entitled as The Grammatical Structure of Love, prove the high value of his works; while one can discuss the significance of his works from a variety of perspectives and approaches. The researcher dares say that after studying Aminpoors’ poetry collections and books, he realized that Aminpoor was as a matter of fact one of the greatest poets of the last three decades concerned about human and its related concepts including the pain and suffering a man goes through. He was actually involved with these issues in his artistic life and social life as a reality and concept. In this article the author initially surveys the diverse dimensions of this issue as related to the essence and concept of pain and suffering which ruled over Aminpoor’s thoughts and language. Then the collection of his poetry is surveyed and analyzed within four categories; conceptual, existential, teleology, and the moral statue of pain and suffering.