m. h. rasoli

If spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are transplanted into the testicles of lambs that do not have this type of cell, they begin to produce sperm in the testis of the recipient rams. The aim of this study was to prepare recipient lambs. For this purpose, heat treatments of 35, 45, 55 and 65 °C or water-ice treatment for 20, 40 and 60 minutes were used for three replicates with two days interval. The results showed that the condition of the testicles was normal at 45 °C, but the treatment at 55 °C caused infection in the seminiferous tubules and at 65 °C, the testicles were completely destroyed. The use of water-ice treatments did not change the appearance of the testes. Colony formation after extraction and culture of SSCs at 45 °C treatment and water-ice treatments were significantly reduced compared to the control (P <0.05). Also, the expression of c-myc, plzfand gfrl genes as specific SSC markers was significantly reduced in 45 °C and cold treatments compared with the control (P <0.05). Accordingly, for reducing the number of SSCs in lambs’ testicles, water ice or 45 °C treatments for 20 minutes can be used three times at intervals of two days.

Biochar as a soil amendment can control bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils and can reduce the hazard of their transferring to the food chain. In order to investigate the effects of biochar derived from the apple and grape pruning wastes and wheat straw on bioavailability of Cd and growth of lettuce plants an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design under greenhouse condition with the facrors of: 1) the concentration of Cd (0, 10 and 20 mg kg-1), 2) type of biochar (apple pruning, grape pruning and wheat straw) and 3) biochar level (0 (B0), 2 (B2) and 5 (B5) % w/w) in 3 replications. At the end of the lettuce growth period, some parameters including shoot dry weight, root dry weight, Cd concentrations in root and shoot, translocation factor (TF), bio concentration factor for shoot and root (BCF), and bioavailability of Cd in soil were measured. The results showed that the increase of the soil pollution level, raised the   intensity of the Cd bioavailability, Cd concentrations of shoots and roots, bio concentration factor of shoot and root (BCF). Furthermore, with increasing the level of biochar in soil, bioavailable Cd, Cd concentrations of roots and shoots were decreased in treatments (B5> B2> B0). Bioavailable Cd concentrations in soil in biochar treatments including apple pruning, grape pruning and wheat straw at the level of 5% w/w were decreased, by 46.81, 65.96 and 76.59 %, as compared to control respectively. Therefore biochar impact on decreasing Cd bioavailability depended on its raw material, biochar amount and metal concentrations.