فهرست مطالب m. rassouli

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular protozoan which can infect broad spectrum of warm blooded animals as intermediate hosts. Cats are definitive hosts. Seroprevalence of this parasite among birds is an effective criterion for environmental contamination to Toxoplasma oocysts. In this research, T. gondii Immunoglobulin G (IgG) were detected by ELISA in 168 broilers sera which were referred to Semnan industrial abattoir and 30 freerange chicken sera which were collected from different places in Semnan. 39.9% of broilers and 96.7% of free-range chickens were positive in Toxoplasma IgG antibody. There was significant difference between two different groups in Chi-square test (P<0.0001). According to the results, seroprevalence of Toxoplasma is relatively high among chickens in Semnan. In free-range chickens, soil contamination to the parasite oocysts and in broilers some management problems and cat access as a definitive host to the water and food supply of chickens can effective on high prevalence of the infection.

Nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care units is one of the health challenges in recent decades. Lack of nosocomial infection control by nurses is one of the health behaviors problems. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with nosocomial infection control behavior of nurses working in nursery & NICU based on «Health Belief Model”.

This descriptive study with model testing design، was conducted on 103 nurses working in neonatal and NICU in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences hospitals via census. Data collection tools included 4 questionnaires: “Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire”، “Measuring Health Belief Model Structures Questionnaire”، “General Self-Efficacy Scale” and “Self-report Questionnaire of Nurses'' Infection Control Performance”. Content validity and reliability of scales was assessed through calculating internal consistency and test-retest. The data were analyzed with the SPSS/19 software.

Perceived intensity (86%) and sensitivity (87%) of the hospital infection among nurses reported well. Most perceived barriers (66%) in infection control were related to insufficient knowledge، skill and time. In addition، major preserved benefits (88%) were related to health benefits of nurses and family members and recovery of patients. Self-efficacy (54. 4%) and Nurses'' Infection Control Performance (60. 1%)، were evaluated poor. The most important affecting variable on probability of infection control behavior was perceived severity (70%).

Perceived severity as the most important variable which can impact the infection control behavior has a strong cognitive component which is knowledge dependent. According to health belief model، establishing educational programs in line with the perceived severity and stress on the negative consequences in preventing the infection control behavior is suggested.

Hypothermia is a condition in which body temperature drops to under normal range (36. 5-37. 5 C). Because hypothermia is a common problem with high morbidity before 28 days of age، in addition to rewarming newborns، the cause should be investigated and the infant should be hospitalized or referred to a special ward، immediately. The aim of the present study was to investigate nursing care conformity rate with existing standards، regarding prevention of neonatal hypothermia.

In this descriptive study، 400 nursing emergency care regarding prevention of neonatal hypothermia were observed using a checklist. The checklist that was designed according to existing standards included standard care regarding prevention of hypothermia. Nursing care related to preventing of neonatal hypothermia conducted in the operating room، delivery room، nursery and NICU wards of Mahdiyeh، Emam Hosein، Shohada، and Taleghany hospitals affiliated to Medical Science University of Shahid Beheshti، was compared with checklist items. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and c 2 test at the significant level P<0. 05.

Total scores of preventive nursing care of hypothermia in all situations was moderate (38%). The most conformity rate with standards was in NICU (45%) and in nursery and labor wards (37%). The lowest conformity rate was in the operating room (34%).

Nursing care related to prevention of neonatal hypothermia is far from standards، which can be attributed to carelessness of health providers، deficiency of training، and shortage of facilities and equipment.