m. sepehri

Soil erosion and related problems i.e. sedimentation are associated with significant issues and problems on the environment and agriculture, including economic losses, reduction of water quality, storage capacity of reservoirs and agricultural production, among which watershed activities play a prominent role in reducing the amount of soil erosion and sediment yield. For this purpose, in the present research, the watershed management activities were evaluated on the amount of sediment yield, using the Connectivity Index in the Gonbad paired catchment of Hamadan province. In this regard, firstly, the estimation of the continuity index was conducted in the erosion plots installed in the control and impacted watersheds during the events that led to sediment production. Then, a regression relationship was established between the data of the Connectivity Index and the erosion plots sediment yield using the Connectivity Index in order to estimate the rate of sediment yield of control and impacted watersheds. Finally, the impact of watershed practices on the degree of sediment yield was measured by comparing the estimated sediment in control and impacted areas using the Connectivity Index. The results showed that the average amount of sediment produced in the sample and control sub-basins is 0.003 and 0.005 tons per hectare, respectively, that is, the amount of sediment in the sample sub-basin is 45% less than the control sub-basin, and this difference is due to the effect of watershed management operations in the sample sub-basin.

Today, with human progress in the field of knowledge and technology, we are witnessing tremendous developments in various fields, especially in the field of defense. With the appropriate and timely use of new technologies, including the Internet of Things technology in the intelligent defense of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces, it is possible to implement various military affairs more accurately and dynamically to realize the discussion of the intelligence of the equipment. By using the Internet of Things in intelligent command and control, intelligent logistic, intelligent transportation, environmental monitoring, training and simulation, etc., it is possible to have new and effective defense capabilities, and in fact, intelligent defense in the armed forces of our country against new and intelligent threats. The current research is titled " A model of  smart defense IOT-based for the Islamic Republic of  Iran armed forces" and was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method and a mixed (quantitative and qualitative) approach. In this research, the opinions of 70 commanders, managers and experts in the field of strategic and cyber defense sciences of the country have been used in the form of a questionnaire. Based on the research done, using the opinion of experts, five concepts of infrastructure and equipment, service and services, structure and organization, information, security and management and governance were placed as the basic dimensions of intelligent defense based on the Internet of Things, and then the components of each became one of these dimensions. After the statistical analysis of the results of the questionnaire, the strategic model of intelligent defense of Iran Armed Forces based on Internet of Things has been presented in five dimensions and 40 components.

The main purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated model by using the existing important factors influencing customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Its foremost theory contribution is using the most cited related literature and verifying the model in the automobile industry in Iran. In theory testing, for the model in a specific case study, by using an explanatory approach, experts' focus group prioritized the factors. After considering all existing factors in the relevant literature, results showed 9 factors to be included in the integrated model. ``Brand Equity'', ``Product Quality'', ``Service Quality'', ``Service Recovery'', ``Perceived Value''; ``Employee Satisfaction'', ``Effective Customer Relations'', ``Physical Environment'', and ``Distribution Channels'' are among the most used factors in customer satisfaction literature. For each factor, relevant literature was reviewed to develop an operational definition. The relevant factors with case conditions were selected and tested for the initial assessment of the validity and reliability of the integrated model. Test results showed that the proposed model may have an appropriate level of validity and reliability in this particular case study. Overall, the selected factors can predict more than 74% of customer satisfaction and more than 87% of customer loyalty changes.

Projects need a network of various resources such as human, equipment and materialwhich should be used together to achieve some goals. Today, in order to better manage this network, theidea of applying social network analysis (SNA) has been introduced in the project management. Sincesafety issues cause important challenges in projects, in this paper, the SNA is applied to promote theproject’s safety level. The main idea of this research is to find the most influential person who has thehigh potential for creating accidents. Specifically, to solve this problem, the authors address three mainsubjects: firstly, to identify the existing links in the social network of projects according to differentcauses of accidents, secondly to analyze the network by applying the SNA and the third, to presentsome strategies to manage the most influential persons based on the results of the SNA. By applying theproposed framework with six steps, firstly the accidents can be prioritized based on their density andsecondly, the most influential person can be identified based on centrality. To implement the proposedframework, a case study has been reviewed and the results showed that the falling from height and HSEman are the most important accident and the most influential person, respectively.

Project scheduling is an important task in project management. The resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) consists of activities that must be scheduled and be subject to precedence and resource constraints such that the makespan is minimized. It has become a well-known standard problem in the context of project scheduling, which has attracted numerous researchers who developed both exact and heuristic scheduling procedures. Resource-constrained project scheduling is concerned with the allocation of time intervals to the processing of activities. The execution of activities requires the use of scarce resources. Resource investment problem (RIP) is known as the problem of minimizing renewable resource costs subject to a project due date. A resource Renting problem (RRP) is a projectscheduling problem in which the availability levels of the rented resources are considered as decision variables, and the goal is to nd a schedule and resource renting such that some objective functions are optimized. In this paper, we considered a resource renting problem with a discounted cash ow, in which the goal is to maximize the net present value of the project cash ows. We considered Interest Rate in this model, and this caused the model to be more real. In recent works, RRP was a NP-hard problem, and solving this problem with exact method took a long time. In addition, it was clear that the exact methods were not able to solve medium or large instances; thus, we developed a heuristic method to solve the problem. Most of the work in project scheduling used genetic algorithm for obtaining qualied solution in a reasonable time. Also, we developed a genetic algorithm for this problem such that it produced optimum and near optimum solution for this problem. Results show that as interest rate increases, since the cost of resource usage should reduce, scheduling of work and start times shift later. It shows that adding interest rate to the model makes the problem more real and useful for real projects.

The prophet marked on a career of the political reforms, the cultural and the social in medina that in the economical ground, adopted the extended politics in development of trade and reconstruction of markets. By basical and reformist measures, the trade and commercial affairs in long terms period, leaved from the jewa monopoly. By encouraging the Muslims in import and export and trading declared forbidden all kinds of receiving taxes from Muslims markets and considered merchants as holy warriors in the way of the god and internal and external trade developed on based the Islam rules among tribes and neighbor countries. He caused the economical flourishing of madineh by important decisions and innovations, development of the society welfare level. In continuing of measures, the especial effort of the prophet in compilation of the correct and smart and practical, the horestall, usurping and trading some goods like wine became forbidden, Cheating in deals declared illicit and the special order and serenity has been ruled in the Muslims markets. In this essay with regarding to library studies and on based on the descriptive and analytic methods, we are going to consider the economical religious politics of the prophet in madineh and the importance of its role in developing of trade and commerce.

Heavy metals have deleterious the effects on nodulation and N2 fixation of Rhizobium- Legume symbiosis, due to their inhibitory effects on the growth and activity of both symbionts. This research has been undertaken to evaluate the effect of Cd tolerance of native rhizobial strains on diminution of the Cd detrimental effects on Sinorhizobium meliloti-alfalfa symbiosis. For this purpose, a greenhouse experiment was conducted based on Randomized Complete Block Design. The treatments in this experiment included: plants inoculation with 6 bacterial strains (sensitive, partially tolerant and tolerant to Cd), 5 levels of Cadmium (0, 2, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg soil) and non-inoculated control. In different levels of Cd, the effects of bacterial inoculation on root nodule number and total amount of nitrogen in plant shoot were compared. The results indicated that soil pollution by Cd even at 2 mg/kg had significant effect on symbiotic properties of rhizobial strains, and according to Cd tolerance of various strains, the mentioned effect was different. Decreasing effect of Cd concentration on root nodules and nitrogen concentration in plants that were inoculated with sensitive strains in comparison with plants inoculated with tolerant strains was 68.31% and 40.8%, respectively. In this research, R95m was introduced as the best strain because of its ability for nodulation and nitrogen fixation.