m. tabatabaei

In the Shahroud Watershed, there has been an increasing occurrence of landslides that have caused a lot of human and financial losses. Therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation is crucial for reducing landslide risk. The aim of this study was to compare the Landslide Susceptibility Maps (LSMs) of different methods. Therefore, thematic layers of the ten causal factors were prepared. Then, a landslide inventory map consisting of 104 landslides covering 1401 hectares was compiled and partitioned into two subsets including 70% for training and 30% for testing purposes. Three landslide susceptibility maps were prepared using the Frequency ratio (Fr), Statistical index (Si), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. The validation process showed that the Si [Area Under the Curve (AUC)= 0.732] and Fr (AUC= 0.707) models presented a more valid LSM than AHP (AUC= 0.651) method. The Qs (Quality sum) index values also confirmed the results of the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve such that the Qs index values of 1.71, 1.43, and 0.62 for, respectively, Fr, Si, and AHP models implied a more accurate LSMs of the Fr and Si models than the one from the AHP. The results of this study can be used as a basic step for landslide risk management in the study area.

Baetis (Rhodobaetis) braaschi is an Ephemeropteran species with a vast territory in the world with its eastern limit ends in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the COI gene sequences of B. braaschi from Hablehrood River, Tehran, Iran. In this study, a molecular database of 780 bp was analyzed. The intraspecific genetic difference was found to be insignificant. The phylogenetic analysis identified that four haplotypes (58227, 23419, 28407, and 34719) from Hablehrood River highly supported clusters belonging to B. braaschi. Topology of the evolution tree on the basis of maximum likelihood method showed that the samples collected in this study were monophyletic with the samples recorded for the Czech Republic.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral infectious disease of cattle associated with a drastic economic loss in the livestock industry. The aim of this study was to investigate sequence and phylogenetic analysis of LSD142 gene, a putative virulence gene in Capripoxviruses, in six lumpy skin disease viruses isolated in Iran during 2013 to 2014 and Capripoxvirus in the Genbank. The LSD viruses were isolated from different provinces of Iran, including Kermanshah, West-Azerbaijan, Fars, Qom, Khuzestan, and North Khorasan, and following sequencing the LSD142 gene, its homology was compared with other Capripoxvirus in the Genbank using phylogenetic analysis. The isolated LSD viruses showed a 100% identity in LSDV142 gene sequences with the virulent LSD viruses and with each other. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that not only the candidate gene has the potential to differentiate Capripoxvirus into three groups including LSD, sheep pox virus (SPV) and goat pox virus (GPV), but also the vaccinal and virulent strain of LSD virus could be divided. The GPV group was divided three geographical categories including Southwest and African strains, East Asia strains and Northwest Asia strains. In the SPV group, the African virus was separated from other strains of the SPV. These findings suggest that the LSD142 gene could be used for the genotyping and molecular epidemiology studies of the Capripoxvirus.

To investigate the frequency of depression and quality of life in patients with glaucoma.

This cross-sectional study included 204 patients (102 males and 102 females) with a mean age of 58.9±11.96 and a range of 40 to 85 years old. Achromatic perimetry was performed, using the HFA SITA-standard 24-2. Severity was stratified according to the Nelson Glaucoma Severity Scale (based on the degree of binocular visual field loss). Participants answered the Persian version of the NEI VFQ-25 and the depression part of the Persian version of the DASS-21. The mean score of each patient's response to depression and quality of life questionnaire were assessed and the frequency of depression among glaucoma subjects and mean the quality of life score in three groups of glaucoma were determined. In this study, patients with depression, who were under the supervision of a psychiatrist and using anti-depression drugs, patients with chronic physical conditions such as MS and Parkinson's or chronic eye diseases such as advanced cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and Macular Degeneration were excluded from the study population.

The frequency of depression was 40.2% and the mean score of quality of life in these patients was 79.83 ± 19.77. The prevalence of depression in women with glaucoma was higher. People with severe glaucoma showed a lower quality of life and higher levels of depression.

Depression is common among patients. With increasing the severity of disease, their quality of life decreases and their depression increases. This is more likely in women with glaucoma.

In this paper, the leader-following group consensus of discrete-time fractional-order multi-agent systems with time-delay is studied. At First, two groups are considered. Then, the problem is extended to arbitrary number of groups. The agents are considered as discrete-time fractional order integrators with input time delay . The interaction between agents is described with a directed communication graph with fixed topology. The group consensus problem for the considered agents leads to asymptotic stability analysis of a discrete-time fractional order system with time-delay. Based on this idea, the necessary and sufficient condition to reach the leader-following group consensus in terms of the controller gains of agents is extracted. Moreover, the optimal value of the controller gains is calculated to minimize a special performance index. Numerical simulations show the performance of the proposed method.

Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in the clinical isolates, in most cases is caused by βlactamase enzymes. In recent years, The incidence of broad-spectrum β-lactamase enzymes (ESBLs) among clinical isolates especially E.coli is greatly increased, since the β-lactamase have several subfamilies, using universal primers designed to detect the following complete families could be useful. β-lactamase producing enzymes (ESBLs) of E. coli has created many problems for patients. β-lactamase CTX-M-1 gene is the cause of resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate CTX-M-1gene in E.coli.

In this practical study, susceptibility of isolated bacteria to 13 antibiotics were indicated by disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines and strains were analyzed for the presence of widespread βlactamase enzymes via two-disc synergy method. Thus، the prevalence of CTX-M1 ESBL gene samples were determined using PCR and the data were analyzed using ANOVA.

A total of 200 isolates of E.coli were isolated. The presence of CTX-M-1 gene were also isolated using the PCR method. From 200 strains studied, 62 (31%), of strains produced ESBL. After PCR processing of 62 produced ESBL, 43 isolates (69.4%) were identified as CTX-M-1 genes. Also, antibiotic susceptibility test showed the highest percentage of resistance to Cotrimoxazole antibiotic (50%) and the lowest antibiotic resistance to imipenem (0%).

The results of this study showed the high percentage of β-lactamase resistance among of E.coli strains. This is a serious public hazard that should be pointed out to measures for preventing this hazard. Considering the sensitivity of the studied beta-lactam resistant isolates and isolates in Iran to imipenem, a carbapenem with a non-beta-lactam antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by these strains

Drug use and involvement with its harmful effects are major challenges for most societies.The extent of this destruction is so much that it affects not only the individual but also the social relationships of friends, family, education and work. Marijuana is a prevalent drug among young people and its consumption has grown more in youth rather than cigarettes and alcohol. The aim of this study was to compare the visual memory of marijuana dependents to normal individuals. The present study was a causal-comparative study which was performed on two groups of marijuana and normal individuals by available sampling method. The statistical population of this study was all individuals with marijuana consumption in Tehran who referred to addiction treatment centers from May to August 2017. The sample consisted of 30 marijuana users and the group of 30 normal individuals who were selected from adolescent addicts who were matched in terms of age, sex and education with the marijuana group. To test the visual memory function, the Ray-Ostrrieth Complex Figure Test was used. The results showed that marijuana-dependent people had more problems in visual memory and scored lower scores in all three stages of testing compared to the normal group. Regular use of marijuana has many defects and cognitive impairments in the performance of visual memory. These types of defects can be considered in rehabilitation programs intended to improve the conditions of addicts and treat them, and seek to design appropriate programs to reduce them.

Selenium has a special place in the natural antioxidants and prevents the oxidation of cell structures.
This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of different sources of selenium on blood parameters and antioxidant response in Holstein dairy cows fed fat rich diets.
Twelve Holstein cows with average milk production of 40±4kg were used in merged incomplete Latin squares design with 4 treatments and 3 repeats in each treatment. The experiment was designed and conducted in 3 periods of 28 days and 4 treatments including; group 1 (basal diet containing 20% cottonseed meal, without selenium supplement), group 2 (basal diet 0.3 ppm inorganic selenium, as sodium selenite), group 3 (basal diet.3 ppm organic selenium, as selenised yeast) and group 4 (basal diet.3 ppm selenium, as nano selenium). At the first and last days of each period, blood samples were collected and milk production was also recorded.
The results showed that however adding different selenium sources to the diets had no effect on dry mater intake; it increased milk and 4% FCM production. Selenium supplementation did not affect blood glucose concentration, urinary nitrogen, ceratenin, total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations of dairy cows. Selenium supplementaition, specialy organic and nano selenium, significantly decreased concentration of serum fat metabolites and activity of Alkaline phosphatase and Aspartate Amino Transferase activity (p Overall results of the present study showed that supplementation of 0.3 ppm selenium to the diet containing high level of unsaturated fat decreased concentration of serum harmful fats and increased antioxidant capacity of serum which is reflected in improved milk production of the cows.

The objective of this study was to investigate the genotypic characteristics of Campylobacter isolates in Shiraz، Iran. A total of 40 Campylobacter isolates including 20 C. jejuni and 20 C. coli were recovered from both cattle and sheep faeces by cultivation methods. The isolates were identified on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of 16SrRNA and multiplex PCR to determine two species. For confirmed isolates، PCR was carried out for the presence of virulence genes using specific primers. Other than verifying the genetic diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter isolates، flaA PCR-RFLP was performed. Results showed the high prevalence (100%) of the cadF gene and three genes associated with cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Plasmid virB11 gene was not found in any Campylobacter isolate، and dissimilarities and discrepancies occurred in pldA، iamA، wlaN، waaC and cgtB genes. Among the 40 Campylobacter isolates studied، nine different types were defined by flaA-typing. Results indicated genetic diversity among Campylobacter isolates recovered from cattle and sheep faecal samples. Findings showed the potential ability of C. jejuni and C. coli with cattle and sheep origins to cause infection in humans.

Application of the modern irrigation systems such as T-Tape irrigation system is one of the ways to achieve aptimal irrigation The present study deals with the effect of surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems on the cotton yield For this purpose، a field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Institute of Orzoueyeh، located in the Kerman province. The experiments were conducted in a split plot design based on the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were comprised of three levels of the crop water requirements (i. e. irrigation based on 100، 80 and 60 percent of crop water requirement) in main plot and with the two irrigation systems، surface one and subsurface one. The results showed that the yield resulting from treatments with 60 and 80 percent crop water requirement was respectively 981 and 413 kg/ha lower than that of treatment with 100 percent crop water requirement. In addition، the obtained yield due to subsurface system was 248 kg/ha greater than that of the surface pattern. The interaction of treatments on the yield of the crop also indicates that the treatment with subsurface system and 100 percent crop water requirement produces the maximum yield. Despite equal water consumption in each sub plots، the WUE in subsurface system was 14 percent higher than that of surface system. From the economical point of view، benefit to cost ratio in the subsurface system is 8 percent less than surface system. Considering the results obtained in this study in the light of water saving as the main objective in deficit irrigation and water use efficiency (WUE) for cotton cultivation in Orzoueyeh، the 80% of crop water requirement is preferred

Global air pollution is a serious threat caused by excessive use of fossil fuels for transportation. Despite the fact that diesel fuel is a big environmental pollutant as it contains different hydrocarbons, sulphur and crude oil residues, it is yet regarded as a highly critical fuel due to its wide applications. Nowadays, biodiesel as a renewable additive is blended with diesel fuel to achieve numerous advantages such as lowering CO2, and CO emissions as well as higher lubricity. However, a few key drawbacks including higher production cost, deteriorated performance and likelihood to increase nitrogen oxide emissions have also been attributed to the application of diesel-biodiesel blends. Expanded polystyrene (EPS), known as a polymer for packaging and insulation, is an ideal material for energy recovery as it holds high energy value (1 kg of EPS is equivalent to 1.3 liters of liquid fuel). In this study, biodiesel was applied as a solvent of expanded polystyrene (EPS) during a special chemical and physical treatment. Various percentages of EPS in biodiesel blended diesel were tested to evaluate the fuel properties, emissions and performance of CI engine. The results of the variance analysis revealed that the addition of the additive improved diesel fuel properties by increasing the flash point as well as the reduction of density and viscosity. Despite a 3.6% reduction in brake power, a significant decrease in brake specific fuel consumption (7.26%) and an increase in brake thermal efficiency (7.83%) were observed at the full load and maximum speed of the engine. Additionally, considerable reductions of CO, CO2, NOx and smoke were achieved.

Twenty five lambs were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments to evaluate of the effects of supplementing organic zinc, with or without copper, on performance and blood parameters. The treatments consisted of: 1) basal diet without supplemental Zn and Cu; 2) basal diet + 20 ppm Zn as Zn-proteinate; 3) basal diet + 40 ppm Zn as Zn-proteinate; 4) basal diet + 20 ppm Zn as Zn-proteinate + 10 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate; and 5) basal diet + 40 ppm Zn as Zn proteinate + 10 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate. Plasma Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca and P and serum total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined on days 28 and 65. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Cu- Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined on day 28. Supplementation with Cu and Zn did not alter plasma Ca and P but plasma Zn in groups supplemented with Zn treatments was increased compared to control (P < 0.05). Copper supplementation significantly affected plasma Cu levels (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between treatments for plasma Fe (P 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in supplemented groups with Cu and Zn compared to control (P<0.05). The SOD activity increased with supplementation of Cu and Zn (P 0.05), but TAC did not differ between treatments. Average final BW, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were greater in Zn supplemented treatments without Cu compared to other treatments (P<0.05). The results showed that adding of 20 ppm Zn to the basal diet containing 22.47 ppm Zn and 8.6 ppm Cu increased performance of Mehraban male lambs.

This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and nutritive value of barely grain (Hordum Vulgar)، common vetch (Vicia Sativa) and bitter vetch (Vicia Ervilia) in both raw and roasted forms by in vivo and in vitro techniques. Sixteen Mehraban male sheep (in vivo) and tree fistulated Mehraban male sheep (in vitro) were used in this study. Roasting has been done in 120°C، for 10 minutes by gas- burning heaters. The effect of dry roasting on the barley grains، vetch and bitter vetch chemical composition did not have shown significant difference except for DM. Nutrients digestibility of dry roasted grains was determined by in vivo technique. There was significant difference between almost nutrients digestive coefficients except for DM and OM (P < 0. 05). In vitro DM and OM digestibility had no significant difference between raw and roasted grains. The method of the digestibility determination had significant effect on dry matter digestibility but organic matter digestibility was not affected by two methods. Correlation coefficients between In vivo and In vitro technique for DM and OM respectively for barley were 92 and 90، for vetch 95 and 85 and for bitter vetch 97 and 93 respectively that confirm adequate and sufficient accuracy in performance of digestibility experiments. Thus we can use the in vitro method for feed evaluation، because it is quick، and simple.

Missed Abortion is a important obstetric and gynecology complication because of its serious outcomes such as DIC, infection, shock, hemorrhage & death. There are various medical and surgical methods for treatment of missed abortion. Medical treatment of missed abortion is safe, effective, acceptable and an inexpensive alternative. Misoprostal is a synthetic prostaglandin (E1) and recommended by FDA for treatment of missed abortion. There are different views about its safety, dosage and effectiveness.

This study was designed in order to determine the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol for termination of pregnancy in women with missed abortions admitted in Shahid Sadoughi, Madar and Mojibian hospitals of Yazd from 2003 to 2004. The method of study was semi-experimental. (Clinical trial without control group) 50 women with missed abortion and the required criteria (age 15 – 45 years, gestational age ≤ 25 weeks, no previous medical or surgical complication and confirmation of missed abortion on sonography) were selected. The data was collected by a questionnaire filled at the onset of study and after treatment (Misoprostol, (200 micrograms/dose) repeated every 4 hours till expulsion of pregnancy products for maximum of 4 doses).The data analysis was done by statistical tests such as x2 and ANOVA.

The mean duration of medical treatment in the group with complete expulsion (44%) and incomplete expulsion (56%) was 12.63± 9.13 hours and 8.81± 2.9 hours, respectively, which was significantly different. (P value = 0.037). Of the total, 29 women had received two tablets of misoprostol, but the highest rate of complete expulsion was observed in women who had received four tablets. This difference in result was statistically significant. (p ≈ 0.000 ). Observed side effects included headache (26%), nausea (16%), uterine cramps (12%) and diarrhea. (6%) There was no serious complication such as uterine rupture, excessive vaginal bleeding, DIC, prolonged PT or PTT.

This study confirmed that medical evacuation of missed abortion with vaginal misoprostol is an effective, safe and cost efficient method without any serious complications and can be a suitable alternative to surgery.