فهرست مطالب m. yousefi

This paper investigates the effect of the number of input exploration control layers on the prediction ability of the ensuing mineral potential models. For this purpose, several weighted control layers were first produced through different exploration methods. Then, the layers were combined in two individual procedures by using two and three input control layers. The prediction rates were evaluated and compared with the location of known mineral occurrences. In addition, this paper reviews improved multi-class data-driven index overlay for Mineral potential mapping (MPM) and identifying the promising areas, and then, uses the method to identify the exploration targets for lead, zinc, and copper skarn mineralization in the Mahneshan area in Zanjan province, west of Iran. The exploration control layers, including the geological, fault density, and geochemical maps, were produced and integrated for this purpose. A Critical limitation of this method, which is weighting each class of geochemical and fault density maps without expert judgment, was resolved in this paper. After producing the weighted evidential maps of each layer, in order to evaluate the relative importance of different exploration methods, weights were attributed to the layers to evaluate their relative importance in terms of their ability to predict undiscovered Pb-Zn-Cu skarn mineralization. Finally, the three layers were combined using the multi-class index overlay method in which the data were categorized into different classes to determine exploration targets. The areas with high mineralization potential produced in the final mineral potential model properly predict the existing mineral occurrences in the region studied. Also, new areas were identified that could be explored in more detail.

The health of milk and its products is of great importance due to its high nutritional value. This nutrient medium is contaminated by microbial agents. Brucellosis is considered one of the most important zoonotic diseases and is endemic in the Middle East countries and has been reported in human and livestock populations in different parts of Iran. Brucellosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by a microorganism of the genus Brucella and transmitted through unpasteurized milk and dairy products. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of contamination of milk and traditional dairy products with Brucella bacteria by PCR method, Mamasani district, Fars province, south of Iran.

In the present cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 2021, 200 samples of traditional dairy products including 50 samples of raw milk, 50 samples of yogurt, 50 samples of cheese and 50 samples of butter from livestock farms in rural areas and inner-city shops of Mamasani district were collected and transferred to the microbiology laboratory. In order to identify the possible type of Brucella bacteria in the samples, the culture medium containing the supplement was used to prevent the growth of other pathogens. DNA of samples was extracted by DNp kit. In order to optimize the PCR test, the DNA sample was extracted from the standard strain of bacteria by boiling method and (cat: DN 811530) DNG. In each reaction, template DNA, primers (Bru and Low Bru Up), magnesium chloride, dNT and Taq DNA polymerase enzyme were used according to the instructions. The second step reaction was optimized with the same values. In the second step, instead of template DNA, the product of the first round was used. Second stage primers include Bru Up, Bru In primers. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square statistical test.

The results of the present study indicated that 1.86%, 2.8%, 0.3% and 0% of raw milk, cheese, yogurt and butter samples were infected with Brucella melitensis bacteria, respectively. The optimized PCR test had a very high specificity, as a result it did not react with any of the studied DNAs except Brucella DNA.

Although contact with animals and products infected with Brucella bacteria are known as the most important factors of brucellosis, but then again the climatic conditions and the type of animal farming and the eating behavior of the people in the way of using animal products as well as the pathogen species in each geographical area are the factors that determine the pattern of the disease. It displays the incidence of disease in different societies. The obtained results indicated that despite the measures taken to prevent Brucellosis disease, there was still a possibility of contamination of dairy products with Brucella bacteria.

Due to the increase of processing data, processing systems should be designed to occupy less space. The enlargement of the processing systems has caused the growth of the data size, on the other hand, the problems of miniaturization of metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MOSFET have faced many problems for the designers of processing circuits, the idea of replacing binary processing circuits with multi-valued level processing circuits. It reduces connections between systems and reduces space consumption. Because the implementation of multi-level processing circuits with MOSFET technology is very complicated and problematic, a suitable alternative for MOSFET is carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) technology, which has many advantages such as the possibility of making transistors It has a different threshold voltage, which reduces design challenges in the implementation of multi-level systems. In this article, the structure of the transistor level of single-digit quaternary and multi-digit comparators is presented. Transistor level circuits are presented along with circuit techniques. The simulation results also show that the amount of propagation delay and power consumption in the single-digit quaternary comparator is 17.3 picoseconds and 4.59 microwatts, respectively, and the PDP index of this comparator is 79.2 aJ. All simulation results of proposed comparators in this article have been obtained using carbon nanotube field effect transistors and 32 nm technology in HSPICE software.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of two concentrations of Aloe vera gel (7.5 and 15%) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of lime during storage time (20, 40, and 60 days). The study was performed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications. After dipping (5 minutes) and drying, the fruits were packaged in low-density polyethylene containers and transferred to cold storage at 4±1°C and 85±2% relative humidity. The results showed a decrease in fruit sourness and aroma and an increase in fruit bitterness during storage. The highest rate of chilling injury and decay belonged to the control. Aloe vera gel 15% had the lowest fruit bitterness (30%), decay, and malondialdehyde compared to the control on day 60 of storage. The Aloe vera gel enhanced peroxidase activity as an antioxidant enzyme and decreased defense-related enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity. The maximum vitamin C was related to Aloe vera gel 15%. According to the results, Aloe vera gel, could not effectively control weight loss and firmness. During 60 days of storage, compared to the control, Aloe vera gel 15% increased Chroma index (2.07%) and vitamin C (26.37%), and prevented decay (100%), chilling injury (25.75%), bitterness (42.85%), and malondialdehyde (35.80%) of lime fruit.

Calculating the amount of shortening, the angle between ridges, the slope of the main thrust and the percentage of thinning of the front ridge compared to the back ridge in the middle and northwestern parts of Sulabder anticline shows the folding style related to fault propagation in these parts. The calculation of these geometrical parameters in the south-eastern part of the Sulabder anticline also shows the faulted detachment folding style. The change of folding class from 1c to 2 and 3, as well as the change of fold style from detachment folds to fault propagation style, are a sign of increased shortening, deformation progress and evolution of folding from the south-eastern part. This represents that in the initial stage the thrust fault system belongs to the middle and north-western parts, which are in the developed stages of the thrust fault system. The interpretation of seismic sections perpendicular to the Sulabder anticline in different sections shows that the Sulabder anticline in a raised wedge form is higher than the adjacent structures due to the action of the thrust faults on the northern and southern edges. In the Solabdar anticline, the performance and mobile behavior of marl-shale units of Pabdeh and Gurpi formations, due to its high thickness and formable rheology as an intermediate separation horizon, create different folding styles at the top and bottom of this unit. It also caused displacement in the axis of the upper and deeper parts of anticlines.

In this research, the performance of Carbone nanotubes (CNT) as a sensing material and adsorbent for the detection and removal of Amoxicillin was investigated. at the first, the structures of Amoxicillin and CNT were optimized with Gaussian program. Then, using the molecular docking strategy and its grading system, they were computed the arrangement of 10 structures with more negative binding energy than other . Finally, for the best arrangement of Amoxicillin with CNT, molecular orbitals evaluations and depedents parameters , binding energy and other thermodynamic parameters evaluated, the results indicated that the adsorption of Amoxicillin antibiotic on CNT was an exothermic. This procedure was carried out at 298 K and 1 atm. Finally, the QTAIM calculations were performed to evaluate the type of interaction and bonds created between amoxicillin and CNT.

In the current study, the environmental impacts of tomato paste production were investigated based on the total life cycle of tomato including cultivation, processing, packaging and transportation, using the Centrum voor Milieuwetenschappen Leiden Impact Assessment, (CML-IA) method in Kermanshah regions. The required information was obtained through interviews, questionnaires and, Ecoinvent, LCA Food DK and IDMAT databases. Results showed that among the influential groups, during the production process of one kg of canned tomato paste, the ozone layer depletion and the reduction of organic resources were least effected and the open waters ecotoxicity received the highest impact. In the cultivation process, electricity consumption had the greatest impact on open waters ecotoxicity followed by the nitrogen fertilizer. The factory processing phase had the lowest impact among the influential groups (except open waters ecotoxicity). The energy efficiency was calculated as 0.63 kg/MJ. The net energy gain and the total energy consumption in the tomato farm were -42700 and 44.86 MJ/ha, respectively. The consumption of electricity and chemical fertilizers were the highest amount of input energies with 75.43 and 16.94% respectively. According to the results, the cultivation phase has the adequate potential to reduce the environmental impacts during the tomato paste production through the improvement of irrigation systems to reduce electricity consumption.

Gestational trophoblastic disease refers to a specific range of trophoblast proliferative disorders that originate from the placental epithelium. Recently, hematological indices are being researched and discussed as an easy and accessible method to identify patients and monitor disease progression. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the levels of hematological indicators and hydatidiform mole progression.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 patients diagnosed with hydatidiform mole in two groups: complete hydatidiform mole (132 people) and partial hydatidiform mole (32 people). The diagnosis of the disease was made based on the pathology results recorded in the patients' files. Information related to hematological, biochemical and hormonal indices was collected and analyzed.

In general, there was no statistically significant difference between the group of complete hydatidiform mole and partial mole in terms of age, body mass index, uterine size, incidence rate of Theca lutein cyst and cyst size, gravida, parity, miscarriage, and history of previous mole. Of all laboratory markers evaluated (such as WBC, PLT, MPV/PLT, AST/PLT, RDW/PLT), only the mean level of triiodothyronine (free T3) in the complete mole group (1.50±2.40 pmol/L) was significantly lower compared to the partial mole group (1.90±1.30 pmol/L) (p=0.004). Free T3 threshold (1.54±0.87 pmol/L) showed good sensitivity (74.60%), specificity (51.50%) and 50% accuracy to distinguish complete moles from others.

This study showed that a high level of free T3 may be a good marker for the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole, which may be useful in the early detection of moles undetectable on ultrasound.

In this paper, the transistor level of single-ended and differential low-power sample-hold is presented based on carbon nanotube field effect transistor technology using the advantages of second generation current conveyor blocks. The switching operation in the proposed sampl and holds is based on the structure of the second generation current conveyor, which means that it has the same function as the analog current-conveyor switches.The implementation of the proposed the sample and hold blocks with using advantages of carbon nanotube field effect transistors improves the performance sampl and hold circuit. The proposed sample and hold circuits have very low power consumption and high operating speed, and it also does not require a non-overlapping clock pulse signal. These proposed circuits have been implemented and simulated in HSPICE software using 32-nanometer carbon nanotube field effect transistor technology. The simulation results show that the power consumption of the differential sample and hold circuit is 13.45 μW, also the ENOB value of the differential sample and hold circuit for the sampling frequency of 2 GHz and the input frequency of 20 MHz is 11 bits. The FOM index of the proposed circuit is 0.61×10-6 (nJ/Bit.Samples).

Selection of training sites is an important and critical undertaking in the modeling procedure of mineral exploration targets using artificial intelligence approaches. This is because application of improper training algorithms results in exploration targeting models that carry bias and uncertainty. The present study aims to model exploration targets of porphyry copper mineralization in Chahar-Gonbad area, Kerman province, Iran, using artificial neural networks. In this regard, continuous weighted evidence maps of exploration criteria including proximity to intrusive contacts, fault density, multi-element geochemical signature and proximity to iron-oxide and argillic alterations were generated and applied as inputs to the neural network. Subsequently, 16 points with known mineral deposits and 16 points without mineralization were used to train the neural network through extreme learning algorithm. The ensuing exploration targeting model was compared with a model obtained by using geometric average integration method through prediction-area plot. The overall efficiency of the models are 0.34 and 0.27, respectively. Evaluation of the models demonstrated that the areas with high copper mineralization potential, marked as exploration targets, are in good conformity with known copper occurrences as well as with geological indicator features. Thus, the targets can be planned for further exploration programs.

Nepeta is one of the most important genus from the fam. lamiaceae with more than 280 species. In this study, N. haussknechtii Bornm. was collected at the flowering stage from Ardabil province, Iran and its chloroform extract was prepared. The chloroform crude extract was subjected to the successive column chromatography on the silica gel using n-hexane–ethyl acetate solvent gradient to yield 29 fractions. Further purification of the fraction No.5 resulted in the isolation of one known steroid namely β-sitosterol (1). In addition, the known triterpenoid oleanolic acid (2) was identified from the purification of the more polar fraction No.9. The compounds were assigned by the mass spectrometry, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, and 1H1H COSY. Finally, the structures of compounds were confirmed by comparison of the spectral data with those described in the literature.

There are different exploration methods, each of which may introduce a number of promising exploration targets. However, due to the financial and time constraints, only a few of them are selected as the exploration priorities. Instead of the individual use of any exploration method, it is common to integrate the results of different methods in an interdependent framework in order to recognize the best targets for further exploration programs. In this work, the continuously-weighted evidence maps of proximity to intrusive contacts, faults density, and stream sediment geochemical anomalies of a set of porphyry copper deposits in the Jiroft region of the Kerman Province in Iran are first generated using the logistic functions. The weighted evidence maps are then integrated using the union score integration function in order to model the deposit type in the studied area. The weighting and integration approaches applied avoid the disadvantages of the traditional methods in terms of carrying the bias and error resulting from the weighting procedure. Evaluation of the ensuing prospectivity model generated demonstrate that the prediction rate of the model is acceptable, and the targets generated are reliable to follow up the exploration program in the studied area.

ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by direct thermal decomposition of the precursor [contain: Zn4(SO4)(OH)6.H2O and ZnO] in air for 1 h at 875°C. The pH of the precursor solution was set on 6 and 11 by the controlled addition of the NH3•H2O solution. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrum (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the analyses, the ZnO nanoparticles were pure with both rod-like and spherical shapes which were synthesized using chloride and sulfate solutions, respectively. Moreover, the average diameter of spherical ZnO synthesized at pH=6 was around 85±5 nm, while, in an average, the nanorods had 980 nm in diameter and 2.2 μm in length. The average nanorods at pH=11 were 760 nm in diameter and 3.3 μm in length, while the average particle size of spherical particles was around 112±5 nm. The TEM and SEM image showed the morphology of spherical and nanorods particles. The reaction temperature of all steps during the synthesis of ZnO nanopowders shifted to the higher temperature, as the pH of the starting solution increased from 6 to 11. Due to the simplicity, the present method could be proposed as a convenient way to produce pure ZnO nanoparticles using ZnSO4 and ZnCl2 solutions without using any toxic and organic chemicals.

Pollination is an ecological service with high economic values related to human and ecological wellbeing. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between landscape complexity and pollination service (bee) in Qazvin province at the landscape scale. Landscape pattern metrics (Number of Patches (NP), Patch Richness (PR), Edge Density (ED), and Shannon Index (H)), as a proxy of landscape complexity, were calculated by the model builder in the ArcGIS and pollination service was generated by InVEST. The correlation between landscape complexity and pollination service was evaluated by SPSS software. Results of the correlation between landscape metrics and pollination service, using Linear regression, showed that H has the highest and the most significant relationship with pollination at the 0.01 level (0.420**). Correlation between other metrics and pollination was found to better explauned by Quadratic regression, showing a significant correlation with NP (0.171**) and PR (0.352**) at the 0.01 level and a non-significant relationship with ED (0.002). It was concluded from our results that in the low NP and PR, correlation is high and positive, and in the high NP and PR, correlation is negative, indicating the effect of fragmentation on pollination service. The results of this study can be used in agricultural system planning and biodiversity management to preserve the ecological processes.

With age, a person faces many threats, such as developing chronic diseases. Health literacy plays a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between health literacy and multi-infection based on gender differences in the elderly.

This cross-sectional study was performed on the elderly population over 60 years in Comprehensive Health Center and Health Post at Malekan City, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, in 2018. Four hundred eighty-seven people were sampled by the stratified random sampling method. Demographic and standard health literacy questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, chi-square, and linear regression model by SPSS 26 software.

The mean participants’ age was 64.9±6.5 years. The health literacy level of 63.86% of the participants was insufficient, and only 1.23% of the subjects had excellent health literacy. The rate of multi-infection in women was significantly higher than in men.

The level of health literacy and multi-infection rate in women is higher than in men.

It is generally accepted that the highest cost in software development is associated with the software maintenance phase. In corrective maintenance, the main task is correcting the bugs found by the users. These bugs are submitted by the users to a Bug Tracking System (BTS). The bugs are evaluated by the bug triager and assigned to the developers to correct them. To find a related developer to correct the bug, recent developers’ activities and previous bug fixes must be examined. This paper presents an automated method to assign bugs to developers by identifying similarity between new bugs and previously reported bug reports.

For automatic bug assignment, four clustering techniques (i.e. Expectation-Maximization (EM), Farthest First, Hierarchical Clustering, and Simple Kmeans) are used where a tag is created for each cluster that indicates an associated developer for bug correction. To evaluate the quality of the proposed methods, the clusters generated by the methods are compared with the labels suggested by an expert triager.

To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we use real-world data of a large scale web-based system which is stored in the BTS of a software company. To select the appropriate algorithm for the clustering, the outputs of each clustering algorithm are compared to the labels suggested by the expert triager. The algorithm with closer output to the expert opinion is selected as the best algorithm. The results showed that EM and FarthestFirst clustering algorithms with 3% similarity error have the most similarity with the expert opinion.

the results obtained by the algorithms show that we can successfully apply them for bug assignment in real-world software development environments.The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.

Most of professional athletes are looking for high-level of anaerobic power. In recent years, many measures have been taken on various ways to improve anaerobic power through training. Among several methods, the blood flow restriction (BFR) or Katsu is used to improve performance, moreover electromyography is a useful tool for studying the electrical activity of the muscles as well as the kinetic of motion. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of one session of severe periodic activity with and without BFR on the electrical activity of selected muscle in the active females.

Ten female students were recruited from University population with age 22.15±0.81 years and BMI 20.08±2.56 kg/m2. The electrical activity of biceps and triceps arm muscles during 4 sets 30 seconds with 5 minutes rest between each set was measured during one session of high intensity interval exercise with hand Wingate test under conditions without and with blood flow restriction. Beside the electrical activity, some anaerobic power parameters such as average and maximum anaerobic power were also measured under both conditions.

The electrical activity of the biceps muscle was significantly increased under conditions with BFR (p < 0.05), but no significant increase was observed in the electrical activity of the triceps superior muscle under conditions with BFR (p>0.05). Among mean anaerobic power and maximum anaerobic power, blood flow restriction only the mean of maximum anaerobic power significantly increased (p < 0.05).

The results showed that the electrical activity of the biceps arm muscle as well as the maximum anaerobic power significantly increased during blood flow restriction. Circulation restriction blood flow seems to be an effective factor in increasing the maximum anaerobic power and electrical activity biceps arm muscle.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the main etiologies of meningitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, and middle ear infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This report aims to review and report the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns and determine the frequency of S. pneumoniae in Iran.

A systematic literature review of the literature published from January 1990 to August 2020 was performed to identify articles that have been published in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, SID, IranMedex, and Magiran databases that describe the serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance patterns and frequency of S. pneumoniae in Iran. The search terms were "Streptococcus pneumoniae, Antibiotic resistance, Serotyping, Systematic review, and Iran". The exclusion criteria were review articles or case reports, reports only emphasizing on serogroups rather than serotypes, and having isolates fewer than 10.

Of 56 reports, 33 publications that met our inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and analysis. The frequency of S. pneumoniae in patients and carriers was estimated at 1.5% and 20%, respectively. Highest levels of resistance were against co-trimoxazole followed by penicillin, and erythromycin. The most common serotypes were 23F followed by 19F, 6A/B, 19A, and 18C.

Based on the results of this study, the inappropriate use of antibiotics and the subsequent spread of resistant pneumococcal isolates in our country is worrisome.

Studies have shown that most of the particles sprayed on emergency respirational patients, accumulate inside the endotracheal tube and its connector. In this paper, applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Response Surface Method (RSM), an optimized geometry is introduced for higher efficiency of the drug delivery for patients with emergency respiratory diseases. In CFD modeling, finite volume method and for two-phase flow modeling, Lagrangian method is used. Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations with Reynolds stress turbulence model are solved using SIMPLE pressure correction algorithm within the computational domain. The velocity fluctuations are simulated using the Discrete Random Walk (DRW). For optimization process, six different parameters including three dimensions of the connector of the tube: connector length, connector diameter and injection diameter, injection velocity of the drug particles, air flow velocity and particle size are investigated. Using Design of Experiments (DOE) and RSM, the output efficiency of the model and second-order regression equation model are derived and accuracy of the model is confirmed. Then the effect of each input parameter on the efficiency is investigated. Dringer algorithm is applied to optimize the process and the best combination of input parameters yielding the highest efficiency is introduced.

Drop-landing is one of the tasks performed in many sports skills. Lower limb injuries have the highest prevalence in sports where jump-landing is repeated frequently. In this condition, fatigue is one of the components that can be influential from biomechanical and pathomechanical points of view on different parameters of landing motion. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fatigue on some indicators of ground reaction force in healthy young active men during drop-landing task from a platform.

In this semi-experimental study, 20 healthy young active males were participated. Wingate test was used for fatigue protocol. The ground reaction force components information was collected during drop-landing from a 40 cm platform before and after fatigue. To collect data, a Kistler force plate was used, and the parameters of peak force, time to reach maximum peak force, loading velocity and time to reach stability were calculated. These data were analyzed using a series of Paired-sample T tests at a significant level of 0.05.

According to the findings of this study, there was no significant difference between the pre and post fatigue states for peak force, peak time, and loading rates in vertical direction. However, the time to stabilization in post-fatigue mode was significantly higher than that before fatigue.

According to the findings of this study, it seems that after fatigue healthy young men reach a stable level later compared to the state of pre-fatigue.

Two spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)isone of the most important pests of beans that large amount of acaricides are used to control it every year.The experiment was conducted to evaluate the resistance of 11 bean genotypes (KS-21494, KS-21493, KS-21492, KS-21498, KS-21517, KS-21529) and red (Dadfar cultivar, KS-31287 and KS-31286) to two-spotted spider mite at Khomein Bean Research Station during 2017 and 2018. This study was conducted in the randomized complete block design with three replications and in two experiments with spraying and without spraying in field and greenhouse conditions. Resistance mechanisms (tolerance, antibiosis and antixenosis) and plant resistance index were determined in greenhouse conditions. Sampling was performed by selecting 10 plants from each plot randomly and two leaves from the bottom and the top, then the density and damage of the pest were evaluated in the selected samples. Pest life stages including eggs and active stages (larvae, nymphs and adults) were counted and recorded. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference among the cultivars and genotypes of beans in yield and its components and the population and damage of two-spotted spider mite. The results of comparing the means showed that the highest and lowest density of two-spotted spider mite eggs were observed in Sadri cultivar and KS-21517 genotype with 198.55 and 41.95, respectively. The highest and lowest yield were recorded 2437 kg/ha and 1221 kg/h on KS-31287 and KS-21529, respectively. KS-31286, KS-21492 and Dadfar were selected as tolerant genotypes and cultivar to two-spotted spider mite with damage scale of 3.6, 4 and 3.8, respectively. Antibiosis resistance mechanism was recorded on Dadfar and genotype KS-31286 with 18.4 and 15.2 adult mites, respectively. The antixenosis mechanism was recorded on genotype KS-31286 and Dadfar cultivar with 1.8 and 1 adult mites, respectively. The results of the calculation of the plant resistance index to two-spotted spider mite showed that the genotype KS-31286 and Dadfar cultivars had the highest resistance index at 9.09 and 14.28, respectively. Therefore, Dadfar cultivar is recommended in the first priority and genotype KS-31286 in the second priority for cultivation in the region. KS-31287 genotype was not selected as resistant genotype due to low plant resistance index despite high yield.

Heavy metals are dangerous for our environment due to their toxic and stable behavior in nature. These metals can change the chemical properties of sediments because they move from their sources, i.e., deposition sites, to stream of water. In this regard, mining activities are one of the major sources of heavy metal pollution in environments around the mines. In this study, to evaluate the risk of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cr, Zn, Pb&Mn) pollution, a dataset of stream sediment elemental concentration of the 1:100,000 scale Khoy quadrangle map was bult. Due to the fact that the sediment data represent upstream materials of sampling locations, the sample catchment basin method was applied to portray the pollutions. Then uni-element background concentration caused by lithology was calculated by the weighted average method and was applied as a reference value for calculation of sediment quality indices such as Contamination factor, Geoaccumulation index and ecological risk factor. In order to Participation in the Integrated quality indices, the elements with multivariate statistical methods such as Pearson correlation matrix, factor analysis, and hierarchical clustering were investigated. In this research, the study of contaminated basins showed that the sources of contamination were mainly due to the geological features of the area, but in some cases, mineral and human activities were very effective in spreading the contamination. Next, to prioritize the contaminated areas amount sediment discharge was calculated for each basin and according to sediment contamination level, Volumetric production potential and sediment discharge of each basin, those contaminated areas were ranked TOPSIS method.

Habitat and ecosystem fragmentation and, consequently, the loss of landscape connectivity are major causes of biodiversity destruction, leading to disruption of material, energy, and information flow at the landscape scale. Given the importance of this issue, the current study aimed to evaluate the ecological connectivity and spatial planning of Qazvin Province, in order to re-establish and protect material, energy, and information flow corridors, using a landscape ecology approach. With that in mind, land use/land cover map was used to identify ecologically functional areas and to map barrier effect and ecological connectivity indicies by mathematical modeling techniques using model builder algorithms in Geographic Information System (GIS). Appropriate patches were, then, spatially selected for restoration and conservation across the landscape. The results showed that 90% of the province has the ecological function, but 10% of the area lacks the function. Three percent of the area has lost its ecological function by physical barriers such as road networks and industrial and residential expantions, and 7% of the area lost its functionality due to anthropogenic effects. In this research, four corridors were identified for spatial planning. Results of this study can be used for management of protected areas and land use planning, as well as environmental impact assessment and envuronmental strategic assessment.

Traffic accidents are the leading cause of death in the world, which brings great cost to the economy. So, this study aimed to determine the loss of productivity in traffic accident victims admitted to hospitals in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2018.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 551 injured persons selected randomly. For productivity loss estimation, we used the health and labor questionnaire on the base of the human capital approach. Data retrieved from the hospital information unit and calls to patients until three months after their accident. Then, data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests.

The mean and standard deviation of productivity loss three months after the accident was (18.81±25.21) million rials (499.6±669.6 $). The productivity loss with a huge difference in men was 20.93±25.75) million Rials and the age group of 25-35 years was (22.10±29.79) million more than the other groups, respectively. According to the regression results, among the injury groups, productivity loss were affected by the injury category to the abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine and pelvis.

Examining the indirect cost of traffic accidents can be useful in public health decisions. By measuring and comparing the cost of this disease in the community, health care decision makers can be helped to set up and prioritize health care policies and interventions.