mahboobeh alborzi

TThe purpose of this study was to investigate the problem-solving stages and the characteristics of problem-solvers in children's animations based on the Dewey problem-solving stages and the characteristics of Griffin problem-solvers. The present study was in the paradigm of qualitative research. The animations studied in this study included 10 animations from the Oscar-selected animations that were randomly selected. These animations were examined using the method of deductive content analysis based on the "Dewey" problem solving steps and the characteristics of "Griffin" problem solvers. The results showed that among the problem-solving stages, the most important step was related to providing solutions and reviewing solutions, and the lowest stage was to formulate the results and evaluate them. Among the 10 animations analyzed, Sprited Away and Zootopia had the most problem-solving stages and the brave and frozen animations had the least problem-solving stages. Another result of the research was the analysis of the properties of problem solvers, most of which were related to previous knowledge. The characteristics of seeking help and producing different solutions were observed. Among the animations analyzed in this section, Coco, Sprited Away and Zootopia animations had the most problem-solving features and high and brave animations had the least frequency..

Ethics and moral education is one of the basic pillars of human culture and due to its important role in the destiny of man and society, This research was conducted with a qualitative approach through the analysis of the content of the interviews using the descriptive and interpretive method using the theme network analysis method and the school factors effective on moral education were extracted. The participants of the research were selected as a clear sampling with the principle of maximum diversity (17 primary school teachers). A semi-structured interview method was used to collect the data, and the researcher's review method was used to validate the data. After analyzing and classifying the data into 82 basic themes (the teacher's patience and resilience, the teacher's mastery of the content, moral discussions, imitating peers, establishing moral regulations, etc.); 11. The theme of the organizer (cognitive characteristic of the teacher, personality and moral characteristics of the teacher, the way of interaction with students, the value of the content, etc.); 5 overarching themes (teacher, content, school environment and classroom layout, peer group and school regulations) drove them.

The purpose of the present study was to discover and validate the application of the components of Rudolf Steiner's educational perspective in the primary school curriculum. This study benefits from an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. The research community of the qualitative section has been all of Steiner's available writings in the field of education, and in the quantitative section, were curriculum planning specialists, who were purposefully selected. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative part data and confirmatory factor analysis was used in the quantitative part. The results of the qualitative part indicated the identification of 30 basic themes, 6 organizing themesand one Global theme. The organizing themes include epistemology, three-dimensional "I", holistic and evolutionary view of humans, the correspondence between the existential dimensions of man and existence, the spiritual existence of man and its importance and the evolutionary process of consciousness. The quantitative part also showed the high validity of the mentioned model. Based on the results, in the curriculum of the elementary school, the anthropological view in education, using the dimensions and capacities of art and paying attention to the spiritual aspects of human education in creating harmony with existence has validity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a spirituality therapy training program on quality of life and spiritual intelligence among students with visual impairments. The methodology was of an experimental type with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included visually impaired students, studying at Shoorideh Shirazi School for the Blind in the academic year 2019-2020, among them 32 visually impaired students were purposefully selected, randomly divided into two experimental (16 subjects) and control (16 subjects) groups. The instruments used in the study were the Quality of Life Questionnaire (1992) and the King Spiritual Intelligence Scale (2008), both filled out by the students in both groups as a pretest before the program. The spirituality therapy training program, consisting of 12 sessions, was presented to the experimental group for two months in the form of two 65-minute sessions per week. It is worth mentioning that the control group did not receive any training from the researcher and that they only received the same daily school educational program that was offered to the experimental group as well. Upon completion of the training program, the Quality of Life Questionnaire and the King Spiritual Intelligence Scale were completed by the students as a posttest. SPSS software was used to analyze data. And mean and standard deviation were used in the descriptive statistics section. In addition, a univariate analysis of covariance was used in the inferential statistics section. The results obtained from this study showed that spirituality therapy training improved quality of life and spiritual intelligence among students with visual impairments. Therefore, it can be concluded that the spirituality therapy training program can help enhance quality of life and spiritual intelligence among students with visual impairments.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cyberspace in citizenship education of elementary school students from the perspective of education experts and to examine students' attitudes toward it, with a combined approach and a series of Sequential exploratory methods. In the qualitative part, the research method was content analysis and in the quantitative part, it was a survey method. the participants of the qualitative part included the professors of education of the university, from which 9 people were purposefully selected. the study population in the quantitative section also i elementary school students in Shiraz, 133 of whom were selected. the semi-structured interview was used to collect data in the qualitative section and the results of the qualitative section were used in the quantitative section of the researcher-made questionnaire of cyberspace and citizenship education. data analysis in the qualitative section was performed by the network analysis method and validated by the audit path construction . after analyzing the data, 38 basic themes, 8 organized themes and 4 global themes were identified. ,The quantitative section indicated that based on the variables of gender and grade, in students' attitudes toward the role of cyberspace in citizenship education,

This qualitative research aimed to investigate the psychological challenges of Iranian women married to Afghan men by the methodology of descriptive phenomenology (lived experience). The population included women married to Afghan men in Fars Province. 20 women were selected by the judgmental sampling, based on the theoretical saturation of the semi-structured interviews. Data validity was examined based on reliability and transferability, and the data were analyzed by thematic analysis. The results showed that there were two general categories of psychological challenges including the harms of mate choice and the harms of psychological safety. The harms of mate choice included nine basic themes (poverty, the lack of awareness, the illiteracy of girls, the illiteracy of parents, the increment of age, the number of girls and financial need, being a burden, and the increment of same marriages), three organizing themes (economic, social, and cultural conditions), and one comprehensive theme of the second level (inevitability of choice). In addition, the harms of psychological safety included 22 basic themes (being imprisoned at home, night attack, physical violence, love, empathy and sympathy, independence, abandonment, competence, the right to choose, individuality, femininity, progress, compulsion in relationship, depression, low self-confidence, physical pains, being loved, earning, meeting basic needs, not paying attention to mental conditions, nervousness, and coercion for unconventional sex), nine organizing themes (life safety, emotional safety, power, freedom, self-knowledge, economic needs, psychological disorders, physical disorders, and sexual needs), and four comprehensive themes of the second level (feeling of safety, identification, basic needs, and physical and psychological disorders). According to these results, the need for attention to and legal arrangements for the marriage of Iranian women with Afghan men is inevitable and the personal and social harms can be prevented with appropriate precautions.

Animations possess an important place in educating children. The present study aims to identify, introduce and analyze the components of citizenship education in children's animations. The research was conducted in a qualitative approach with summative content analysis method. Accordingly, first, the components of citizenship education were identified in three categories of knowledge, skill and attitude using a systematic review method. Then, eight Oscar-winning animations were purposefully selected based on their popularity on the IMDb website. “Scene” has been selected as the analysis unit. The results showed that the components of citizenship education exist in all the animations. Among the components, “skill”  was observed more and “knowledge” was observed less. According to attending the components, Zootopia was ranked first and Frozen was placed last. In the comparison of the animations according to parameters, Coco showed the highest knowledge component (description) with 47 scenes, while Frozen showed the lowest knowledge component (cognition) with 20 scenes. Zootopia showed the highest frequency in the skill, as analysis was seen in 33 scenes, comprehension in 21 and application in 29 scenes. “Up” showed the least frequency in the skill, as analysis was seen in 29 scenes, comprehension in 19 and application in three scenes. Zootopia showed the highest frequency in the attitude, as emotional reaction was seen in 30, emotional valuation in 16 and crystallization of emotional values in 20 scenes. Spirited Away showed the least frequency in the attitude, as emotional reaction was received in 24, emotional valuation in two and crystallization of emotional values in nine scenes. The findings resulted from analysis of the data in the current research confirmed the role of animations in citizenship education, and emphasizes the need to inform parents and specialists in education for the conscious use of animations.

Paying attention to educational contents that are limited to educating responsible citizens and global citizens in society, especially in crises, is one of the main goals of educational systems. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to combine the competencies of the global citizen to coexist with Corona in the education system. For this purpose, a qualitative research was conducted in a meta-combined manner using the six-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007). In order to systematically review five English language databases including Scopus, Emerald, Science Direct, Springer and ProQuest for foreign studies and two Persian language databases including National Database and "Academic Jihad Scientific Database" were selected. And related articles were collected in the period of 2019 to 2020 (31 articles). In the network analysis of topics with keywords related to the research goal of 28 basic themes (virtual learning, virtual education, distance learning, electronic evaluation, virtual education media, technological intelligence, economic intelligence, social intelligence, Cultural intelligence, underlying disease, adherence to health advice, periodic examinations, social distance, usability and mobile phone, use of distance learning, sense of social belonging, respect for collective needs, underlying diseases, health advice, examinations Periodic, practice of bio-ethical-personal norms, attention to environmental conditions, change), 6 organizing themes (virtual education, multiple intelligences, health awareness, self-protection strategies, skills of working with virtual education tools, responsibility) And three comprehensive themes (knowledge, skills, attitude) were obtained.

The main purpose of this paper is to identify teachers' views on strategies to maintain a sense of community and learning motivation. In the present research method, qualitative content analysis has been used. The research participants were selected by purposive sampling approach Data collection method was semi-structured interview Content analysis method was used to analyze the data. In this regard, based on the topics obtained from teachers 'interviews on ways to maintain a sense of community in virtual education, teachers' views on a key component, improving social ties and three organizational components (strengthening social relationships, friendly relations and activities And 14 basic topics (increasing the role of the teacher as a mediator between students, constructive dialogue in the form of joint groups, timely and appropriate feedback, the possibility of making video calls, Creating respect and value for students' personalities, Encourage students to be friends, Forming groups for joint activities, Mind and group games, exams and evaluations by students themselves, building trust between students, creating competition, creating responsibility and commitment to each other, reading books and stories.) were also summarized. Also, teachers' views on motivation strategies Learning about 2 comprehensive components, improving school factors and improving family factors and 6 organizing components (upgrading virtual education facilities and infrastructures, upgrading teachers' competencies and capabilities, strengthening social interactions, upgrading educational knowledge, monitoring and follow-up , Improving the digital literacy of parents) and 24 basic themes

The education system is one of the complex and large social institutions in any society, which is inextricably linked to social, cultural and economic growth and development, and which gradually evolves from a simple elementary state towards a better, more complex one. This system has created healthy, growing, balanced, developed, and talented human beings, on the one hand, and has satisfied human resource needs in different cultural, social and economic sectors, on the other hand. Socialization is one of the major goals of education which takes place at schools where textbooks can play a critical role in socializing learners. Socialization features are characterized by some special mechanisms and can affect learners. Therefore, clarifying the way such mechanisms are influencing can be very illuminating. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is considered as one way for revealing how mechanisms of socialization features work. CDA can be used to express the relationship between language, power and ideology. This study was an attempt to analyze the Sixth Grade Thought and Research Textbook in the 2019-2020 academic year through benefitting from the integration pattern proposed by Van Leeuwen (1996) and by adding socialization features, including values, norms, roles and life skills, to the discourse-oriented features of Van Leeuwen. This was made possible through the use of CDA. Furthermore, the existing differences between the relevant features were taking into account by calculating frequency, percentage of socialization and discourse-oriented features, and Chi square. Based on the findings, traditional gender roles, traditional roles of kids and teens, social rules and regulations, social ceremonies, theoretical values and decision-making skills had the highest levels of frequency in the textbook. Moreover, religious, political, national and familial values were hidden in the relevant discourses of the textbook. Additionally, traditions, rituals, rites, social traditions, ethnic practices, effective communication skills, the skill of saying no and tolerance for success were not considered in the textbook. Moreover, all values and norms of social pact, social etiquette, social ethics, social law and regulations, gender and age maps, and life skills, including self-awareness, empathy, interpersonal relationships, emotion management, problem solving, decision contemplation, creative thinking, and critical thinking were considered in the discourses of the textbook. Considering gender maps, males were depicted more than females in the book, and both males and females were depicted more in their traditional roles than their new roles. Based on the findings of this study, it can be argued that religious values and traditional gender maps were hidden in the discourses of the textbook. The results further showed that the frequency of concealment was less than frequency of revelation of features. Therefore, it seems that the textbook authors have tried to clearly show their favored line of thought or ideology. The results further revealed that from among the norms, social customs, social rituals, social traditions and ethnic practices, and from among the skills, effective communication, coping with stress, the skill of saying no, and tolerance for success were ignored in the discourses of the textbooks. It should be noted here that national, economic, artistic, globalization and family values were less frequent in the textbook than individual, religious and theoretical values. Moreover, the frequency levels of creative and critical thinking skills was less than those of problem solving and decision making skills. As other findings of this study revealed, depersonalization was less frequent than characterization, uncertainty was less frequent than identification, naming was less frequent than classification and de-linking was less frequent than linking in the relevant textbook. Considering these findings, future researchers are recommended to focus on the authorship and compilation of new textbooks by taking into account the new plan of the primary and secondary education system. Additionally, future researcher are recommended to examine the expertise and the theoretical and ideological orientation of experts involved in compiling the present textbook.

The purpose of this study was to study of satisfaction and consequences of Iranian women with Afghan men. The method of qualitative research was of a kind of phenomenology, in other words, the descriptive phenomenological approach (Husserl phenomenology) was chosen. Potential research participants were selected based on the principle of sampling with maximum diversity and the principle of sample saturation and were examined by in-dept semi-structured interview (31subjects of Fars Province).. Regarding the type of research, two main questions were considered during the interviews, including satisfaction of marriage and consequences of marriage. The analysis of the content of the interviews showed that there are 8 basic themes (feelings of humiliation, household economic needs, individual financial needs ...), 3 organizer themes (financial dissatisfaction, marital dissatisfaction, socio-cultural dissatisfaction) and 1 pervasive theme (dissatisfaction). In the study of social concequences, there were 33 basic themes (interaction with peers, interaction with family and family, non-acceptance in social situations, lack of social rights, ...), 13 organizer themes (family welfare, psychological well-being, legal protection, Cultural adaptability, etc.) and 5 pervasive themes (social isolation, socialization, social skills, children's harm, and social capital). According to the results, the necessity of attention and legal requirements for the marriage of Iranian women with foreign citizens is inevitable, and it is possible to prevent many personal and social harms by appropriate prevention

The aim of this study was to explore the challenges teachers experience with the conversion of traditional education to the online due to COVID pandemic. This Hursserlian descriptive phenomenology research was based on Colaizzi’s sevenstage model. Participants in this study were 16 elementary school teachers teaching in Shiraz in the academic year 1399-1400, selected through purposeful sampling and based on theoretical saturation. Data was collected through semistructured interviews and was analyzed using contextual analysis method. The validity of the data was determined using verification techniques such as the researchers' self-review. The reliability of the data, on the other hand, was verified by accurately guiding the data collection process and harmonizing the related research. After extracting and categorizing themes, two comprehensive themes were identified. The first concerned non-constructive challenges and included challenges pertaining to cyberspace knowledge organizing themes, cyberspace equipment and infrastructure, cyberspace skills, and attitudes toward cyberspace use. The second encompassed constructive challenges such as finding educational and psychological opportunities. The results suggest highlight the necessity both of accepting virtual education with all its advantages and eliminating its weaknesses and problems.

In the contemporary world  healthy and peaceful life depends on paying attention to peoplechr('39')s rights and commitment to themselves and others. In this regard, when a crisis such as the Covid crisis 19 affects human society, citizenship rights and how to respect it are essential, since the basis of learning in the family, especially in relation to mothers, and children acquire social roles by modeling their motherschr('39') behaviors, understanding motherschr('39') perceptions is very important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the living experience  of preschool mothers of the respect for citizenship rights in the Corona crisis.

The aim of the present study was to study living experience  of preschool mothers of the respect for citizenship rights in the Corona crisis. The study was conducted qualitatively by Husserl descriptive phenomenology. Potential participants in the study, 13 mothers with preschool children were purposefully selected in  criterion method with the principle of sample saturation and were surveyed by semi-structured (telephone) interviews. According to the type of research, during the interviews, mothers chr('39')familiarity with of their role models for their children and familiarity with corona disease were examined, and finally motherschr('39') understanding of the concept of citizenship rights in the corona crisis was examined.

The analysis of the interviews by means of a network of themes included two comprehensive themes including individual responsibility to society and community responsibility to the individual and 9 organizing themes include the right to physical health, mental health, social health, the right to education, economic law, communication with others, appropriate behaviors in public places and appropriate behaviors in the environment. Also the basic themes included include 32 themes including health protocol compliance. Unemployment, stress management, appropriate educational facilities, observance of social distance, masking, access to health and medical services, etc.

Because there is no definitive cure for Covid19 disease, prevention and adherence to health protocols is a citizenship right that everyone in the community must respect. The findings of the present study in the living experience  of preschool mothers confirmed the need to pay attention to respect for the rules and principles that lead to the survival of the individual and society.

The main purpose of this mixed study was to determine the role of physical spaces affecting the academic vitality of students from the perspective of teachers and to examine the attitudes of elementary school students towards it. In part qualitative, the research method was descriptive phenomenology. Participants in this section were experienced and knowledgeable teachers who were selected using of the case critical method (13 teachers). . The data collection method was semi-structured in-depth interview. Using the themes analysis method, 22 basic themes (color, curtain, layout, shape and size of the class ...) and 4 organizing themes (visual stimuli, class physics, outdoor space and equipment) and a comprehensive theme were extracted from the interviews in the section. Quantitatively, the research was conducted in a descriptive survey method. The statistical population was all elementary school students in Shiraz, from which 192 people were selected by random cluster sampling and were evaluated using a 16-item researcher-made questionnaire obtained from the qualitative part of the study. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by content validity method and the correlation of items with the total score and reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method. The findings of statistical analysis by one sample t-test and independent sample t-test indicated that students' perception about different aspects of academic vitality was significantly below the acceptable range( p=0/001). In relation to the effect of educational physical space and regarding two physical and visual stimuli variables on academic vitality, there also was a significant difference on the part of girls(p=0/04)which in its turn indicates that in comparison with boys, girls are more under the influence of educational physical space. Paying attention to implementing an appropriate and happy educational physical space for creating efficient learning and academic vitality among the students is of crucial importance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of school students’ spiritual well- being in the relationship of the spiritual intelligence of parents and teachers with the students’ happiness. The research was of descriptive- correlational design and its statistical population included all school students (male and female) in the fifth and sixth grade of elementary school in Shiraz city in the school year 2017- 2018. The research sample was selected through systematic random sampling. The teachers and parents responded to King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory (2008) and the student responded to Spiritual Well- Being Questionnaire by Paloutzian and Ellison (1991) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (2002). The calculations demonstrated the reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of the tools used. The research hypotheses were analyzed using SPSS 23 and AMOS22 software. The results showed that the effect of spiritual intelligence of teachers and parents on students’ spiritual well- being was significant. Also, the effect of spiritual intelligence of teachers and parents on students’ happiness was significant. The results showed that students’ spiritual well- being had a positive and significant effect on their happiness. The results of mediation analysis showed that the indirect effect of teacher’s spiritual intelligence on student happiness was significant. Moreover, the results indicated that the indirect effect of parent’s spiritual intelligence on student happiness was also significant. Finally, the findings indicated the effect of spirituality effective people such as teachers and parents on students’ spiritual well- being as well as their happiness and confirmed the need to pay attention to spirituality in life.

his study aimed to investigate the mediating role of creativity attitudes on creative problem solving with regard to the patterns of family communicationand the learning climate. In this study, the patterns of family communicationand learning climate as predictor variables, creativity attitudes as mediator and creative problem solving as dependent variable was examined. The sample included 300male and female students in fifth and sixth grades from primary schools of the Larestan participated in the study. Students completed “Creative Problem SolvingAttributes Inventory, Creativity Attitude Survey, Learning Climate Survey and Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire. Results of regression analysis and path analysis showed that creativityattitudes in the relationship between the patterns of family communicationand learning climate with creative problem solving wasnot significant. Conversation - orientation and learning climate were positive and significant predictor of creative problem solving and creativity attitudes. Also it was found that in creative problem solving, scores of girls was significantly higher than the scores of boys. Finally, this study showed the fundamental role of the patterns of family communication and learning climate to foster of creative problem solving thinking, and showed attitude is an important variable that influences the impact of social variables.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of gradual increasing contextual interference on acquisition, retention, and transfer of throwing skill accuracy in primary school students.

among 162 first grade students of an elementary school in Shiraz city, 30 students were randomly selected. After pre-test, the participants were randomly organized in two groups of gradual increasing of the intersession contextual interference (n=15) and gradual increasing of the percentage contextual interference (n=15). After there sessions of throwing training and recording the scores, the participants were participated in transfer and retention test. In all tests was( P ≤ 0 /05).

The results of repeated measure analysis of throwing accuracy in acquisition sessions and also one- way ANOVA of transfer test showed no significant difference between two groups. The results of the retention test showed significant difference between the two groups, in which the gradual increasing of the intersession contextual interference group had better performance.

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the gradual increasing of the intersession contextual interference method may enhance the throwing accuracy permanently compared to gradual increasing of the percentage contextual interference in first grade of elementary school students, and we suggest this method to teachers to use in classes in order to better performance of students.

Working in the complex and ever changing healthcare settings forces the nurses and nursing students to be equipped with lifelong learning skills. One of the lifelong learning skills is self-directed learning. This study aimed to explore the M.Sc. nursing students’ self-directed learning activities.
A qualitative design using conventional content analysis approach was used in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve Iranian M.Sc. nursing students who were selected using purposive sampling.
Data analysis indicated that the M.Sc. nursing students performed different activities in their self-directed learning. These activities were categorized into four main themes and ten subthemes. The main themes were “sensory perceptions”, “knowledge construction”, “problem-centered orientation”, and “interaction with others”.
According to the findings, the M.Sc. nursing students performed different intellectual and experiential self-directed activities for promoting their learning. Besides, the students’ perseverance and inquisitiveness played an important role in their self-directed learning in the challenging clinical environments.

Visual has always been recognized as one of the most important sensory systems involved in the implementation of many athletic skills because of the close and necessary relationship with performing the movements, and it is considered particularly important by specialists in learning and motor control. Today, in addition to assessing the key indices in athletic performance (physical, medical, psychological and nutritional evaluations), visual skills assessment is also held in great importance. In this regard, the present study aims to answer the question of whether the difference between the visual skills of athletes (team and individual) and non-athletes is significant. For this purpose, 85 subjects (44 non-athletes, 22 athletes in team sports, and 19 athletes in individual sports) participated in this study and were selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument was "sports vision tests of Wilson and Falkel (2004)". The psychometric properties of this test were studied and confirmed through the correlation between the referees and retest method. The results of the statistical analyses showed that there were significant differences between focusing (P<0.001), tracking (P<0.001), sequencing (p=0.009), eye-hand coordination (P<0.001), and vergence (P=0.015) of all-girl teams and individual sports athletes with non-athletes. Just as female individual and team sports athletes were better at focusing and tracking than non-athletes, individual sports athletes were better in vergence, team sports athletes were better in sequencing, and non-athletes were better in eye-hand coordination. However, in regards to visualization, no significant difference was observed between the three groups. According to the results, participation in sports activities, regardless of the type of activity, helps an individual to obtain better abilities in the visual system and its skills. Additionally, the role of visual skills in individual and team fields is different; therefore, due to the importance of vision, it is recommended that coaches consider special planning along with other motor capabilities.

Like bodily, physiological, and psychological skills which are commonly assessed in professional sport, assessment of visual skills is also of high importance. In this regard, and in order to organize teams efficiently, the skills of each player, considering his/her post in the pitch, should be developed for superiority over the opponent. The present study attempts to clarify if there is a meaningful difference between visual skills of players, by considering their posts, age groups and sport records. A group of 100 professional footballers with average age of 25.09±4.47, average height of 178.66±6.53 cm, and average weight of 74.80±7.03 were selected, using an available sampling method. Wilson and Falkelchr('39')s Sports Vision Test (2004), widely used in many researches, was the assessment tool of visual skills in this research, and is comprised of six skills of accommodation or focusing, tracking, vergence, sequencing, eye-hand coordination and visualization. The results indicated a meaningful difference which existed only in terms of tracking (p≤0.04) between adults and the youth, of which the superiority was shown by the first group. No meaningful difference was observed between post in the pitch (goalkeeper, defender, midfielder and forward) and sport record in terms of visual skills (including accommodation / focusing, tracking, vergence, sequencing, eye-hand coordination and visualization). The results of this study demonstrated a similarity between the exercise programs of team members. Coaches should notice that every post has different characteristics and the fact that in addition to specific physiological needs and skills, each post requires visual skills, and this marks the necessity for specialized planning for every post during the training sessions.

Children''s Literature especially picture books are valuable tools for fostering creativity in children. Childrensʼ symbolic representations and narrative intelligence plays an important role in the efficiency of a picture book. Accordingly، the present study examined the role of picture books in creative thinking skills (domain relevant skills، creative relevant skills، and motivation) and cognitive elements of creative (fluency، flexibility، elaboration، originality). Decentralization in a manner contrary to the common narrative themes play an important role in fostering mental flexibility، risk taking، imagination، and sensitivity to the issue. Creative discovery depends the picture book character. The acceptance of risks and uncertainties and problem solving more characters depicted in foster creativity more effective reader. If a picture book، domain relevant skills، creative relevant skills and intrinsic motivation to create in the reader، the reader contributes to fostering creativity. At the end of a five-book series of books morghak on creative thinking and cognitive factors were analyzed. Design، cut، book، character، simplicity and use of color and space of the book are the influencing factors on creative reader.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between attachment styles and the resiliency Two hundred and four students were selected from Shiraz University by random cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Attachment Styles (Hazan and Shaver, 1987), the Resiliency (Connor and Davidson, 2003) and the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaires (Petrides and Furnham, 2001). The results indicated that 1) there were positive relations among secure attachment, emotional intelligence, and resiliency, 2)there were negative relations among insecure ambivalent attachment, emotional intelligence, and resiliency, 3) there were negative relationship between insecure avoidant attachment and resiliency, and 4) emotional intelligence correlated positively with resiliency. The results of regression analysis indicated that secure attachment predicted emotional intelligence positively and ambivalent attachment predicted emotional intelligence negatively. In addition, emotional intelligence was positively and significantly related to resiliency. The findings suggested the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between attachment styles and resiliency. These findings highlight the importance of emotional intelligence in students’ personal and academic lives.

Whether a woman is employed or not seems to play an important role in her attitude and beliefs towards child rearing. This study investigated the role of employed mothers’ attitudes to creativity on students’ creativity with regard to the mediating effect of locus of control. One hundred and three students (60 girls and 43 boys) with mothers (25-42 years) from elementary schools in the city of Shiraz participated in this study. Mothers completed Parent As a Teacher Inventory (PATT). Students completed Nowicki – Strickland Internal- External Control Scale and Torrance Test creativity form. Results indicate that the mothers’ attitude to creativity had direct and indirect effects on creativity. Attitude to play and frustration were significant positive predictors of locus of control. Attitude to creativity and play were direct and positive predictors of children''s creativity. Finally، internal locus of control was a significant positive predictor of creativity in children. This study suggests a mediating effect of locus of control on the relationship between mothers attitudes to creativity and children''s creativity.