mahdi hajian

Optimizing the financial flow in banks' financing chains against credit risk disorder is one of the important and fundamental demands of the owners of interests in banks,therefore,this research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of the financing chain under credit risk disorder in the keshavarzi Bank.The research is qualitative-quantitative.The statistical population in the qualitative part of the research is the senior managers of the credit department of the keshavarzi Bank in Tehran.The sampling is purposeful and by snowball method.The interview with ten of them showed theoretical saturation,but the interview with two other experts continued.Data collection was done by field method by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews and the design of the model was coded with the foundation data method.Validity of the model was validated by double interaction and reliability by retest.In the quantitative part of the research,among the 320 managers of credit departments of the branches of excellent Bank in Tehran,175 of them were studied by a non-random method and according to the Morgan Chrissy table,with the researcher's questionnaire.For data analysis,factor analysis and SmartPLS software were used.Validity was checked withAVE and reliability withCR,and the fit of the model was accepted.Fully confirmed.This model introduces corporate banking and risk management as the main core of optimizing the financial supply chain under risk disruption.The comparison of this model with the current performance of the keshavarzi Bank shows that the proposed model with emphasis on advanced tools suitable for industry conditions It provides better optimization of the financing chain.

In an effort to present a new analysis of the Islamic Revolution, the question ascends as to whether the Islamic Revolution can be considered a freedom or emancipation-seeking revolution? It is assumed that the Islamic Revolution was the renaissance of the Iranian nation to raise the cause of freedom, and emancipation in both two positive and negative aspects has been expressed. The present research is carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner and its findings show that the Islamic Revolution of Iran has mainly focused on four major issues (negative liberty); domestic tyranny, foreign dominance, anti-Islam measures of the Shah's regime and economic decline, and the threat to people's livelihoods. On the contrary, this revolution has articulated the favorable response to these issues (positive liberty) by establishing and realizing values ​​such as religious democracy, freedom, efforts to preserve independence and national sovereignty, as well as efficiency with an emphasis on justice and deprivation.

Abstract muslims need to understand quran attracts their attention into hadis and its understanding and made hadis science the most popular and important science all over islamic lands. The Rabc_E Nisvabur as a part of Islamic territory enjoying partiular geographical characteristics and perfect environmental conditions changed into a place for gathering large number of jurisconsults and scholors of hadis and a place for formation of grand activities in hadis science during first four islamic centuries . The aim of the research is to investigate the state of Hadis science in The Rabc_E Nisvabur in first four islamic centuries. In this research, in order to study Hadis science historical_ analytical and documentary method is used. the researcher according to Analysis of information come to this conclusion that credit of Hadis science owe to large extent to religous scholors like Imam Reza (peace be upon him) , correction of Hadis collection and Valid and well_ founded narrations also activities of great soni and shia narrators. Following tryings of hadis scholors from Nisvabur in complying correct hadises and learning and teaching them,great works is complied by Moslem Nisvaburi, Fazl Ibn Shazan ,Hakem Nisvabur.correctness and validity of works like Sahih Moslem changed into an axis for other new hadis collection as Almostakhraj and Almosnad.

Groundwaters can be polluted due to various natural and anthropogenic activities. These water resources are directly used as community’s drinking water. Therefor, pollution vulnerability assessment of them can help the local and national managers and decision makers in control of many discharged pollutants. For this purpose, the aquifer vulnerability of Najaf Abad plain (Lenjan District) has been surveyed in this study.
Today, Geographical Information System (GIS) is used for assessment of vulnerability of groundwater systems. Therefor, GIS was also used to determine the different degrees of vulnerability in the study area. For this purpose, different information layers were prepared. These information layers included electrical conductivity, nitrate, total organic carbon, sulfate, chloride and total hardness concentration which were obtained from 25 wells in Lenjan district through sampling during 4 seasons from summer of 2008 to spring of 2009.
Finally, after weight ratings and overlaying of the information layers, the vulnerability of areas were determined both seasonally and annually.
Results of chemical analysis of the samples showed that the highest concentrations of nitrate, total hardness, chloride, sulfate and EC levels for spring of 2009 were 98, 3800, 6745, and 3780 mg/L and 14.5 mS/cm, respectively. In contrast, the highest concentration of TOC occurred in summer of 2008 was 21.6 mg/L. However, the lowest concentrations of these agrichemicals were recorded in summer and autumn of 2008.
The results obtained with the help of GIS showed that the area in the center of Lenjan district, that had clay type of soil and average groundwater depth compared to the adjacent regions, had the lowest vulnerability to analyzed pollutants. Therefore, vulnerability of the areas increased by moving towards the east of Lenjan district. Thus, digging a well in this vulnerable area will be faced with water resources pollution

Ignore of very epistemological basis in modern philosophy caused skepticism and Uncertainty in problem of other minds and the external world. These epistemological basis are Undeniable and Indemonstrable and they are in every proposition. In these epistemological basis, power of thought and other minds are more important and each other had some necessities that are in contrary to innatism and empiricism. Allameh Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai Answered the modern philosophy by Basing Epistemology on presential knowledge of self and our Knowledge to our ideas. But we can solve Problem of modern Epistemology and Show the justification of Realism by Analysis of epistemological basis in acquired knowledge.

This study investigated the effect of two in vitro embryo culture systems (co-culture system versus cell-free sequential-media) on developmental competence, cryosurvival and DNA-fragmentation of in vitro developed bovine blastocysts. Bovine presumptive zygotes were cultured in Ménézo's B2 (B2) plus vero-cells or sequential synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) for eight days. Subsequently, half of the expanded blastocysts developed in both groups were vitrified, warmed within 30 minutes and post-warming embryos along with their corresponding non-vitrified embryos were cultured for two additional days in the same medium used before vitrification. Embryo development, cryosurvival and apoptosis were compared between the groups. For non-vitrified embryos, culture in SOF significantly promoted the potency of embryos to develop into blastocysts compared with the co-culture system. The difference in post vitrification survival rate of SOF blastocysts (83.3%) was insignificant compared with co-culture (84.3%). However, while total cell number of warmed blastocysts in the co-culture system was significantly higher in the co-culture versus the sequential system (215.4 vs. 170.4), the quality of survived embryos in terms of hatching ability and apoptosis was adversely affected by co-culture compared with SOF (65.0% vs. 74.3%, and 13.5% vs. 10.0%, respectively; p<0.05). Although co-culture system may increase the viability of embryos following cryopreservation, the potency and dynamics of blastocyst formation significantly increased with sequential media compared to the co-culture system which can compensate for the lower efficiency of sequential media for vitrification/warming purposes.

Reconstructed embryos from terminally differentiated somatic cells have revealed high levels of genomic methylation which results in inappropriate expression patterns of imprinted and non-imprinted genes. These aberrant expressions are probably responsible for different abnormalities during the development of clones. Improvement in cloning competency may be achieved through modification of epigenetic markers in donor cells. Our objective was to determine if treatment of donor cells for 72 hours with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc; 0-0.3 µM), a DNA methyl transferase inhibitor, improved development and expression of Oct-4. In comparison with untreated cells, 0.01 and 0.08 µM 5-aza-dc treated cells insignificantly decreased the blastocyst rate (32.1% vs. 28.6% and 27.2%, respectively) while it was significant for 0.3 µM treated cells (6.5%). Embryo quality as measured by the total cell number (TCN) decreased in a dose-related fashion, which was significant at 0.08 and 0.3 µM 5-aza-dc treated cells when compared with 0 and 0.01 µM 5-aza-dc treated cells. Although reconstructed embryos from 0.08 and 0.3 µM 5-aza-dc treated cells showed lower levels of DNA methylation and histone H3 acetylation, development to blastocyst stage was decreased. The epigenetic markers of embryos cloned from 0.01 µM 5-aza-dc remained unchanged. These results show that 5-aza-dc is not a suitable choice for modifying nuclear reprogramming. Finally, it was concluded that the wide genomic hypomethylation induced by 5-aza-dc deleteriously impacts the developmental competency of cloned embryos.

The relationship between cyclic status of cattle ovaries on in vitro embryo development up to the blastocyst stage was investigated. Cattle ovaries were collected immediately after slaughter and divided into three categories based on their cyclic status, which included: 1. the presence of a large follicle (LF), 2. the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) and 3. ovaries without LF or CL (WLCF). Oocytes of these ovaries were obtained and used for in vitro maturation and fertilization. Presumptive zygotes were then cultured up to the blastocyst stage in synthetic oviductal fluid culture medium. There were no significant differences between cleavage rates of the three groups. The rate of embryos in the compact morula stage for the CL group was 48.2% which was significantly higher than the related rate of the LF group (36.6%), but non-significantly higher than that of the ST group (45.7%). The highest blastocyst rate belonged to the CL group (54.6%) which was significantly greater than the WLCF group (32.9%) and non-significantly higher than the LF group (52.4%). There was no significant difference in blastocyst rates in the CL and LF groups. Preselection of oocyte donor ovaries containing a CL or LF can be used as a feasible and non-invasive criterion to obtain the most competent oocytes capable of development to the blastocyst stage.

The aim of this study was to establish a cell-free sequential culture system that can support high levels of in vitro embryo development and blastocyst formation from bovine zygotes. To this end, this investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of glucose, serum and EDTA on bovine zygote in vitro development. Bovine presumptive zygotes were derived from oocytes matured, and fertilized in vitro and cultured in synthetic oviductal fluid sequential medium in a two-steps manner; SOF 1 for the first 3 days and SOF 2 for the second 5-6 days of in vitro embryo development. In order to evaluate the effect of different modifications of the basic medium on embryo development, glucose was added to the second phase (SOF A), serum was added to the first phase (SOF C) and EDTA alone (SOF D) or in combination with serum (SOF E) was added into the first phase of in vitro embryo culture. The results of each composition were compared with each other and with the results of embryo development in TCM199 vero cell co-culture system. Glucose addition to the second phase of embryo culture, improved the developmental competency; however, the differences were not significant. Serum addition to the first phase of embryo culture, significantly improved the developmental competency of embryos beyond the cleavage stage, compared to all the treatment and TCM199 co-culture groups. EDTA supplementation of culture medium, either alone or in combination with serum, significantly inhibits the embryo development beyond the morula stage. The results indicated that culture of bovine presumptive zygotes in two steps cell-free culture system, can support embryo development, and addition of serum throughout the culture and glucose to the second step significantly increased overall developmental competency compared to TCM199 co-culture system.

The Seddighin demonstration, i.e. a reasoning which needs the least premises to prove the necessary being, has always been the desire and goal of Islamic theologians and every one of them has tried to decrease the premises of the demonstration of the necessary being proof. Considering the reality which is the supplier of the origin of reality, as necessary and pre-eternal, Allameh Tabatabaei introduced a demonstration that is so needless of premises that the self evidence of the necessary existent is concluded from it. The writer of this article investigates the epistemological roots of the origin of reality and explains its different expositions to prove that the origin of reality is just an epistemological essence and cannot end up proving the pre-eternal essence of reality.