فهرست مطالب mahdyeh atrifard

Anxiety Disorder (SAD) has received increasing supports. Furthermore, it has indicated fluctuations. Therefore, the aim of this research is determination and comparison of efficacy and permanence of three CBT models based on "exposure to self”, “exposure to situation" and “exposure to self-situation" on treatment of SAD.
in current quasi-experimental research, 24 subjects with SAD were selected using Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (SCID-IV). 18 subjects randomly were assigned to three experimental groups (each group included 6 subjects) and 6 subjects were assigned to control group and 4 groups were demographically the same. Three experimental groups received one of the three CBT models and control group waited. Subjects completed SPIN, LSAS-SR, BFNE, SIAS, SPS, and NSPS before, after and 1/5 months, 4/5 months and 1 year after ending of treatment/ waiting.
Comparison of the results of 4 groups on the base of the mean of pretest-posttest difference indicated that three experimental groups had significant differences with control group but did not have significant difference with one another. Of course, the mean of difference of the "exposure to self” group had significant differences with control group in all dependent variables (the score of 6 scales), whereas, the means of difference of the “exposure to self-situation” and “exposure to situation” groups had significant differences with control group in some of the six scales. The results suggest three aforementioned therapeutic models had permanence of efficacy but “exposure to self” group had superiorities to “exposure to self-situation” and “exposure to situation” groups in some scales.
three CBT models are useful in Iranian clinical sample but in some evidences, “exposure to self” group had superiorities to “exposure to self-situation” and “exposure to situation” groups in Iranian clinical sample.

The "Social Phobia Inventory" (SPIN) is a well-known screening tool in the field of social phobia disorder (social anxiety disorder) that its creators have designed its items in independent three subscales fear, avoidance, and physiological signs and several international studies and also a few internal studies have been done using it. The weakness of existing studies have motivated these authors to investigate this inventory in a nonclinical Iranian sample. Because of this, 475 students of Tehran University were selected using convenience sampling and completed SPIN. In order to analyze data, data were analyzed with Cross Validation method and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Parallel Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results of EFA and Parallel Analysis indicated 2 factors structure of SPIN and the results of CFA indicated the fitness of 2 and 5 factors structure with data. In conclusion, the results of this research suggest the regardless of the separation of items related to subscales fear, avoidance and physiological signs, the items related to fear and avoidances of different areas apply together for assessing severity of this disorder; the phenomenon that is according to social anxiety and united relationship of fear and avoidance.

The cancer is a chronic illness and d epression is one of the important psychological factors in its patients. In order to help these patients and show the necessity of needed psychological interventions، this study was aimed to compare depression rate among children and adolescents with cancer and healthy ones. This research was the causal-comparative type research. In this study، 65 children and adolescents 8-17 years old who went to Mahak Institute and 64 healthy children and adolescents were selected by available sampling method and all completed Child and Adolescent Depression Scale. According to results، the mean of scores of depression in children and adolescents with cancer (11. 42) were significantly (P<0. 05) higher than healthy group (8. 42). Also، the results indicated significant difference (P<0. 05) in the mean of scores of depression between girls with cancer (12. 08) and healthy girls (7. 87) but there were no significant difference in the mean of scores of depression between boys with cancer (10. 78) and healthy boys (8. 99). Depression in children and adolescents with cancer is higher than healthy ones and this matter can disrupt disease development and improvement. Therefore، effective psychological interventions are necessary to reduce depression rate in these patients.