فهرست مطالب نویسنده:
mahmoud rafieian
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Background and aims
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most common reasons for acute kidney failure. Because of the increasing use of contrasts for computed tomography and angiography and coronary interventions, the incidence of CIN is on rise. CIN is a serious and common side effect ofthe use of contrasts. Despite taking of preventative measures, around 30-70% of patients are at risk of CIN. Researchers thus are seeking out appropriate approaches to prevent CIN. Positive effects of many medicinal plants, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and high efficiency and safety, in decreasing serum creatinine levels have been demonstrated. This study was conducted to collect evidence on the medicinal plants that are effective in decreasing serum creatinine levels and CINdevelopment
MethodsFor this purpose, the key words contrast media, herbal, acute kidney injury, and nephropathy were used to retrieve relevant articles indexed in Google Scholar, Magiran, Elsevier, and PubMed. Then, the eligible articles were included in the review.
ResultsThe results of studies are reported in Table.
ConclusionAlthough some studies have suggested that some herbs have a toxic effect on kidney function, in the present review, most plants could help decrease serum creatinine levels and improve renal function.
Keywords: Contrast media, Nephropathy, herbal, Contrast-Induced Nephropathy -
Objective(s)Today, consumers are looking for food products providing health benefits in addition to meeting the basic nutritional needs of the body. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of Liza klunzingeri protein hydrolysate both in vivo and in vitro.Materials and MethodsFish protein hydrolysate (FPH) was prepared using enzymatic hydrolysis with papain. In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using five different antioxidant assays. The cytotoxic effect on 4T1 cell line was evaluated using the MTT assay. The distribution of the molecular weight of FPH was measured using HPLC. In the in vivo study, CCl4-exposed Wistar rats were orally treated with FPH (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg) or gallic acid (50 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days.ResultsEnzymatic hydrolysis gave hydrolysate rich in low molecular weight peptides (ConclusionL. klunzingeri protein hydrolysate can be considered as a functional food to alleviate oxidative stress.Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Cytotoxicity, Liza klunzingeri, Oxidative stress, Protein hydrolysate
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زمینه و هدف
تحقیق و مطالعه درباره ی اثرات فارماکولوژیک گیاهان، اخیرا مورد توجه محققین زیادی قرار گرفته است. گیاه بابونه یکی از قدیمی ترین گیاهان دارویی شناخته شده توسط انسان است و قدمت استفاده از آن به یونان باستان می رسد. در این مقاله، به بررسی مطالعات انجام شده در زمینه اثرات دارویی بابونه می پردازیم.
روش هادر این مطالعه از مقالات معتبر علمی در رابطه با اثرات فارماکولوژیک بابونه، که از سال 2000 تا 2017 در بانک های اطلاعاتی ISI،Web of Science، Scopus ،Pubmed Central ،Pubmed ، SID نمایه شده، استفاده کردیم.
یافته هادر مطالعات بالینی و تجربی اثرات درمانی در بیماری های دستگاه گوارش و عصبی و خواص ضد التهاب، ضد ویروس، ضد میکروب، آنتی اکسیدان و ضد سرطان برای این گیاه اثبات شده است و همچنین این گیاه در التیام و بهبود زخم ها موثر است.
نتیجه گیریگیاه بابونه در سرتاسر جهان به عنوان گیاه دارویی مهم به رسمیت شناخته شده است. مصارف مختلف این گیاه در صنایع دارویی و غذایی دلیل ارزش تجاری قابل توجه آن در دنیا است.
کلید واژگان: اثرات دارویی, گیاه بابونه, گیاهان داروییBackground and aimResearch and studies on the pharmacological effects of medicinal plants, have been recently considered by many researchers. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is one of the oldest medicinal plant known by human and its application came back to the ancient Greece. This paper presents a review on the studies conducted on pharmacological effects of chamomile.
MethodsThe papers regarding the pharmacologic effects of chamomile, which has been indexed since 2000 till 2017 in ISI, Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed Central, Pubmed, and SID databases, are used in this study.
ResultsTherapeutic effects of chamomile on gastrointestinal and neurological diseases, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties as well as wound healing activity have been shown in clinical and experimental studies.
ConclusionMatricaria chamomilla has been recognized as an important medicinal plant in the world. Different uses of this plant in the pharmaceutical and food industries indicate considerable commercial value of this plant in the world.
Keywords: Chamomile, Medicinal plants, Pharmacological effects -
In this study, the effects of Urtica dioica hydro-alcoholic extract were investigated on the blood glucose and lipid profiles of female ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized rats. In total, 32 adult female rats were divided into four groups (eight each) including control and ovariectomy groups as well as non-ovariectomy and ovariectomy groups treated with 200 mg kg-1 of Urtica dioica extract orally in the last five weeks of the study starting from the week 56th. The duration of the study was 60 weeks. Glucose, serum lipid profiles and pancreatic pathological alterations were determined in these groups at the end of experiment. Serum glucose, triglyceride (TG), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and TG/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio indicated a significant increase in the healthy female rats under treatment with Urtica dioica extract compared to others. The TG, cholesterol, HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and VLDL showed a significant increase in menopaused rats compared to others. The interaction of consuming Urtica dioica extract and ovariectomy caused significant decreases in glucose, TG, VLDL, HDL/LDL ratio and TG/HDL ratio. Consumption of Urtica dioica extract by non-menopaused rats damaged the beta cells in Langerhans islets. Results of the present study revealed that the consumption of Urtica dioica extract is not beneficial and has diabetogenic effects in female non-ovariectomized rats compared to ovariectomized ones.Keywords: Glucose, Lipid profiles, Ovariectomy, Rat, Urtica dioica
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BackgroundMatricaria chamomilla and Melissa officinalis have been used as antidepressants in traditional Iranian medicine.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Matricaria chamomilla and Melissa officinalis extracts compared to the classic antidepressant drug, imipramine, in adult non-reserpinized and reserpinized mice through the forced swim test.MethodsIn the current experimental study, 80 mice were divided into 10 groups. The first group received normal saline and the second and third groups received 25 and 50 mg/kg of Matricaria chamomilla extract, respectively. The fourth and the fifth groups received 25 and 50 mg/kg of Melissa officinalis extract. The sixth group received imipramine at a dose of 15 mg/kg. The seventh group received 5 mg/kg of reserpine and normal saline. The eighth and ninth groups received 25 and 50 mg/kg of Melissa officinalis and Matricaria chamomilla extracts, respectively. The tenth group was given imipramine through intraperitoneal (I.P) injection. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test in SPSS.ResultsMatricaria chamomilla (50 mg/kg), Melissa officinalis (25 mg/kg), and imipramine (15 mg/kg) in non-reserpinized mice significantly decreased the duration of immobility in the forced swim test compared to the control group (P < 0.01). There was a reduction in the duration of immobility in the reserpinized mice administered Matricaria chamomilla at a dose of 50 mg/kg compared to the positive control group (P < 0.01).ConclusionsMatricaria chamomilla and Melissa officinalis have antidepressant effects and may be taken into consideration in treating patients suffering from depressionKeywords: Depression, Forced Swim Test, Matricaria chamomilla, Melissa officinalis, Balb, C
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افزایش آگاهی در موردعوارض سوء نگهدارنده های شیمیایی برسلامت منجر به افزایش تمایل دربکارگیری نگهدارنده های طبیعی بویژه اسانس های گیاهیدرمحصولات دارویی وغذاییشدهاست. زنیانورازیانه از جمله گیاهان دارویی معطری هستند که می توانند در این راستا مورد استفاده واقع شوند. در این پژوهش جهت بررسی و مقایسه اثرات ضد میکروبی اسانس های مورد آزمون،از روش انتشار در آگار استفاده گردید و روش رقیق سازی در محیط مایع نیز برای تعیین حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی (MIC) و حداقل غلظت کشندگی (MBC) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. به منظور بررسی برهمکنش اسانس زنیان و اسانس رازیانه و تعیین غلظت بازدارنده افتراقی از روش چکربورد استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی اسانس های زنیان و رازیانه علیه باکتری اشریشیا کلای به ترتیب برابر باμg/ml 5/1562و μg/ml12500 و در مورد باکتری کلستریدیوم اسپوروژنز این مقدار به ترتیب برابر با μg/ml1562. 5 و μg/ml50000 بود. محاسبه غلطت بازدارنده افتراقی (FICشاخص) حاکی از عدم وجود برهمکنش میان اسانس دو گیاه علیه هر دو باکتری مورد آزمون بود. به طور کلی می توان عدم وجود تاثیرات هم افزایی (سینرژیستی) و متضاد (آنتاگونیستی) بین دو اسانس زنیان و رازیانه را به یکسان بودن محل اثر این دو اسانس در باکتری های اشریشیا کلای و کلستریدیوم اسپوروژنز مرتبط دانست. همچنین نتایج شناسایی ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس ها به کمک دستگاه GC/MSنشان داد که اجزای اصلی اسانس زنیان، تیمول (49. 96 درصد) ، پارا-سایمن (22. 73درصد) و گاما-ترپینن (15. 32درصد) و در مورد اسانس رازیانه، ترانس-انتول (63. 88درصد) ، استراگول (9. 97درصد) ، لیمونن (7. 65درصد) و فنچون (5. 72درصد) بودند.کلید واژگان: اثر ضدباکتریایی, اسانس, چکر بورد, رازیانه, زنیانIncreasing awareness of the adverse effects of chemical preservatives on health has led to an increased tendency to use natural preservatives, especially herbal essential oils in pharmaceutical and food products. Carum copticum (Ajwain) and Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) are among the aromatic medicinal plants that can be used in this regard. In this study, the agar diffusion method was used to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effects of the herbal essential oils in question and the dilution method in the liquid medium was also used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the interaction between the herbal essential oils of Ajwain and Fennel and to determine the fractional inhibitory concentration. The results showed that the MIC of Ajwain and Fennel herbal essential oils against Escherichia coli was 1562.5 μg/ml and 12500 μg/ml, respectively, and in the case of Clostridium sporogenes this value was 1562.5 μg/ml and 50000 μg /ml, respectively. Calculation of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC index) indicated that there was no interaction between the herbal essential oils of two plants against both bacteria in question. In general, the absence of synergistic and antagonistic interactions between the Ajwain and Fennel herbal essential oils can be related to the identically-affected sites of these essential oils in Escherichia coli and Clostridium sporogenes. Also, the results obtained through the identification of herbal essential oils composition by GC/MS showed that the main components of Ajwain were Thymol (49.96%), p-cymane (22.73%) and γ-Terpinene (15.32%) and in case of Fennel these components were Trans-anethole (63.88%), Estragole (9.97%), limonene (7.65%) and fenchone (5.72%).Keywords: Antibacterial Effect, Essential Oil, Ajwain, Fennel, Checkerboard
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سابقه و هدفدیابت ملیتوس یک اختلال متابولیک با عوارض جانبی همچون تاخیر در ترمیم زخم است. در این مطالعه، تاثیرات مصرف خوراکی و کرم موضعی عصاره هیدروالکلی بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis) بر روی ترمیم زخم پوست و تغییرات بیوشیمیایی سرم در موش های صحرایی دیابتی القاشده با آلوکسان ارزیابی شدند.مواد و روش هادر این مطالعه تجربی، 36 سر موش صحرایی نژاد ویستار به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه کنترل، گروه دیابتی و گروه دیابتی تحت درمان تقسیم شدند. پس از بیهوشی، ضخامت کامل ناحیه پشتی پوست موش صحرایی به ابعاد mm 25 × 25 برداشته شد. 24 ساعت پس از عمل جراحی، زخم در گروه حیوانات دیابتی تحت درمان، به صورت موضعی با کرم 5 درصد و به صورت خوراکی با عصاره بادرنجبویه (mg/kg 2500) با گاواژ خورانده شد. در گروه کنترل و کنترل دیابتی درمانی صورت نگرفت. ناحیه سطح زخم به روش خطی و تصویری در روزهای 4، 7، 14 و 21 اندازه گیری و برای ارزیابی ترمیم زخم و هیستوپاتولوژیک نمونه برداری انجام شد. در پایان مطالعه، نمونه خون برای اندازه گیری قند و فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی ها به روش استاندارد گرفته شد.یافته هامصرف عصاره بادرنجبویه در موش های صحرایی دیابتی، به طور معنی دار سبب کاهش گلوکز، کلسترول، لیپوپروتپین های با دانسیته پایین و کراتین فسفوکیناز در مقایسه با گروه کنترل دیابتی شد (05/0P<). مطالعات هیستوپاتولوژیک نشان داد که روند پوشش دارشدن، افزایش تراکم رشته های کلاژن و ترمیم زخم در گروه درمان شده با بادرنجبویه بیش از گروه های دیگر بود.
استنتاج: مصرف خوراکی و موضعی عصاره بادرنجبویه، سبب گسترش شتاب ترمیم زخم و تاثیرات محافظت کنندگی قلبی می شود.کلید واژگان: آلوکسان, بادرنجبویه, ترمیم زخم, زخم دیابتی, موش صحراییBackground andPurposeDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with several complications, such as delayed wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral administration and topical application of hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis on cutaneous wound healing and serum biochemical changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Materials And MethodsIn this experimental study thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of control, diabetic control, and diabetic treatment. After anesthesia, full-thickness pieces of skin (25×25 mm) were removed from upper dorsal part of the rats. Subsequently, 24 h after the operation, the wounds of the diabetic group were locally treated with topical application of 5% cream and oral administration of Melissa officinalis extract (2500 mg/kg) was performed by gavage, daily for three weeks. The control and diabetic control groups received no treatment. The wound surface areas were measured using linear and photographic methods on days 4, 7, 14, and 21. Incisional biopsies were performed to evaluate the wound healing rate and for histopathologic examination. Finally, blood samples were taken to measure the serum glucose level and biochemical factors including triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase using standard methods.ResultsAccording to the results, administration of Melissa officinalis extract significantly reduced glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and creatine phosphokinase levels in the diabetic group (PConclusionAs the findings indicated, oral and topical administrations of Melissa officinalis extract accelerated the wound healing process and may act as an cardioprotective agent.Keywords: alloxan, diabetic ulcer, Melissa officinalis, rat, wound healing -
BackgroundAtherosclerosis is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases that involve vessels through the development of fatty streaks and plaques. Plant?based compounds can help treat or prevent atherosclerosis through affecting the involved factors. The main purpose of this review article is to investigate and introduce medicinal plants and their potential activities regarding antioxidant properties, effective on lipids level and development of plaque, atherosclerosis, and progression of atherosclerosis as well as the development of cardiovascular disease and ischemia.Materials And MethodsTo search for the relevant articles indexed in Information Sciences Institute, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, and Scopus between 1980 and 2013, with further emphasis on those indexed from 2004 to 2015, we used these search terms: atherosclerosis, antioxidant, cholesterol, inflammation, and the medicinal plants below. Then, the articles with inclusion criteria were used in the final analysis of the findings.ResultsPlant?based active compounds, including phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants, can be effective on atherosclerosis predisposing factors and hence in preventing this disease and associated harmful complications, especially through reducing cholesterol, preventing increase in free radicals, and ultimately decreasing vascular plaque and vascular resistance.ConclusionMedicinal plants can contribute to treating atherosclerosis and preventing its progression through reducing cholesterolemia, free radicals, inflammation, vascular resistance, and certain enzymes. They, alone or in combination with hypocholesterolemic drugs, can therefore be useful for patients with hyperlipidemia and its complications.Keywords: Antioxidant, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia
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Background And ObjectivesPseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium found in water and soil. It is a normal flora in skin and gastrointestinal tract of human beings. P. aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen involved in nosocomial infections having multiple pathogenic factors and shows high rate of resistance to different antibiotics. The aim of this study was to identify the most important native medicinal plants of Iran effective on P. aeruginosa.Materials And MethodsAll required information was obtained by searching keywords such as P. aeruginosa, medicinal plant extracts or essential oils in published articles in authentic scientific databases such as Science Direct, Wiley-Blackwell, Springer, Google scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID) and Magiran.ResultsAccording to the literature review, our results showed 12 different native medicinal plants were effective against P. aeruginosa in Iran including Eucalyptus camadulensis, Marticaria chamomilla, Ferula gummosa Boiss, Lawsonia inermis, Ocimumgra tissimum, Allium sativum, Satureja hortensis L, Satureja bachtiarica Bunge, Satureja khuzestanica (Jamzad), Thymus daenensis Celak, Thymus carmanicus Jalals and Camellia sinensis.ConclusionPhytochemical analysis has shown that bioactive compounds of medicinal plants with their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties can be good alternatives for the synthetic medicines in food and drug industry.Keywords: Medicinal plants, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antimicrobial, Iran
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Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, and its prevalence has been increasing in developed countries. Diabetic nephropathy has become the most common single cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation factors are hypothesized to play a role in the development of late diabetes complications. Chronic hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress, significantly modifies the structure and function of proteins and lipids, and induces glycoxidation and peroxidation. Therefore, hyperglycemia causes auto-oxidation of glucose, glycation of proteins, and activation of polyol mechanism. Overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species contributes to several microvascular and macrovascular complications of DN. On the other hand, reactive oxygen species modulates signaling cascade of immune factors. An increase in reactive oxygen species can increase the production of inflammatory cytokines, and likewise, an increase in inflammatory cytokines can stimulate the production of free radicals. Some studies have shown that kidney inflammation is serious in promoting the development and progression of DN. Inflammatory factors which are activated by the metabolic, biochemical, and hemodynamic derangements are known to exist in the diabetic kidney. This review discusses facts for oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in DN and encompasses the role of immune and inflammatory cells, inflammatory cytokines, and stress oxidative factors.Keywords: diabetic nephropathy, reactive oxygen species, chronic kidney disease, microalbuminuria, advanced glycation end products
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BackgroundMaterials can cause liver and kidney damage which carbon tetrachloride is one of these substances. Medicinal plants and their essential oils and extracts have been used to a large extent as drugs to better control and management of kidney diseases.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Avicennia marina leaves in the treatment of renal toxicity induced by carbontetrachloride.MethodsForty-two male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 7): control (taking normal saline, 0.5 ml/day, intraperitoneally; i.p.), sham (taking olive oil, 0.5 ml/day, i.p., single dose), injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 1:1 with olive oil, 0.5 ml single dose, i.p.), treated groups 1, 2 and 3: by carbon tetrachloride 1:1 with olive oil, 0.5 ml single dose and 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg or 800 mg/kg Avicennia marina extract (AME)/ day for 96 hours, i.p.). By direct blood sampling from the heart, the plasma concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Kidney sections were prepared from all groups and the histological examinations were performed. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsThe results indicated the significant (PConclusionsCarbon tetrachloride has kidney, liver and cardiac toxicities and mangrove extract is able to inhibit the toxicities of carbon tetrachloride.Keywords: Mangrove, Avicennia marina, Kidney, Carbon tetrachloride
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Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) has a wide range of beneficial effects including mild glucose lowering activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cinnamon bark extract has the potential to improve memory performance and glucose profiles in diabetic mice. Memory was assessed by the novel object recognition task in male Balb/c mice. In this method, the difference between exploration time of a familiar object and a novel object was considered as an index of memory performance (recognition index, RI). The water extract was prepared by boiling cinnamon bark for 15 min. Alloxan induced diabetes in animals (serum glucose levels were 322 ± 7.5 mg/dL), and also impaired memory performance (RI= -3.3% ± 3.3) which differed significantly from control animals (RI = 32% ± 6.5). Although treatment with cinnamon only reduced fasting blood glucose level moderately but it improved memory performance remarkably (RI = 25.5% ± 5.6). Oxidative stress following administration of cinnamon extract was lower in diabetic mice. It was concluded that cinnamon water extract could be a useful alternative medicine in diabetic patients daily regimen which not only reduces blood glucose levels but also improves memory performance and lipid peroxidation level.Keywords: Memory, Cinnamon, Diabetes mellitus, Cognitive, Alloxan, Oxidative stress
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BackgroundRecent retrospective observational studies suggest that high-potency statin therapy might increase the risk of acute kidney injury, however data on this subject is scares.ObjectivesThis study, was designed to investigate the renal tubular cell effect of different doses of atorvastatin to detect the possible aggravation of renal function or morphology of the kidney.Materials And MethodsIn this experimental study 24 male Wistar rats were designated into 4 equal groups and treated as follows. Control group received phosphate buffer as the vehicle of atorvastatin for 7 days. Groups 1, II and III received atorvastatin at doses of 10, 50 and 150 mg/kg daily for 7 days, then on the day 8, all rats were anesthetized using ketamine and the blood samples were collected for evaluation of creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and then all rats were sacrificed, then the animals kidneys were dissected out and histopathological studies were performedResultsMean (±SD) of scores of injury to renal tubular cells in control group was 4.2 ± 2.2 and in groups I, II and III were 6.44 ± 4.9, 15.4 ± 8.5 and 25.8 ± 12.7 respectively. Group III which received 150 mg/kg/day of atorvastatin had significant renal damage in comparison to control group (PConclusionsIn the present study we found, atorvastatin with a dose of 150 mg/kg/day for 7 days was nephrotoxic for rats, while lower doses at 10 mg/kg/day or 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days were not accompanied by renal injury. These findings imply further attention to the administration of higher doses of atorvastatin in clinical conditions.Keywords: Atorvastatin, HMG, COA reductase inhibitors, Renal toxicity, Rhabdomyolysis
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مقدمهآسیب کلیوی ناشی از تزریق ماده ی حاجب، می تواند منجر به نقص عملکردی کلیه شود. به همین دلیل، به تازگی، توجه زیادی به سمت کاربرد گیاهان دارویی در پیش گیری و درمان بیماری های مختلف به خصوص عوارض کلیوی و کبدی آن ها معطوف شده است. بیشترین تاثیرات مفید این گیاهان دارویی، به دلیل وجود ویژگی های آنتی اکسیدانی آن ها می باشد که در این میان، چای سبز به دلیل دارا بودن خواص آنتی اکسیدانی فراوان بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است.روش هااین مطالعه، بر روی 40 رت انجام شد که به طور تصادفی به چهار گروه شاهد، ماده ی حاجب، ماده ی حاجب و چای سبز و ماده ی حاجب با پیش درمانی با چای سبز تقسیم شدند. در نهایت، پس از خون گیری سطح کراتینین و نیتروژن اوره ی خون در آن ها اندازه گیری شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون آماری ANOVA و نرم افزار SPSS واکاوی گردید. 050/0 > P به عنوان سطح معنی داری در نظر گرفته شد.یافته هادر گروه دریافت کننده ی ماده ی حاجب، سطح کراتینین خون به طور معنی داری بیش از سایر گروه ها بود (001/0 = P). همچنین، سطح کراتینین در دو گروه تجربی دیگر در مقایسه ی با گروه دوم کاهش معنی داری را نشان داد.نتیجه گیریپلی فنول موجود در چای سبز، سهم مفیدی بر عوارض ناشی از استرس اکسیداتیو دارد و می تواند اثر پیش گیری کننده بر میزان کراتینین خون داشته باشد.کلید واژگان: چای سبز, ماده ی حاجب, گیاهان دارویی, آسیب حاد کلیوی, سمیتBackgroundContrast media-induced acute renal damage could lead to renal failure; so, recently much attention has been made on the efficacy of medicinal plants in prevention and treatment of various diseases, especially in kidney and liver complications.MethodsForty rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 consisting of control, contrast media, contrast media plus green tea and green tea pretreatment and contrast media group, respectively. After collecting blood samples from lateral tail vein blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine were measured for assessing tubular nephrotoxicity.
Findings: In the second group creatinine level was significantly higher than other groups (PConclusionGreen tea can provide an applicable intervention approach in individuals with a risk for contrast induced acute kidney injury. So, further preclinical investigations are necessary to confirm the efficiency of this herb against various injurious substances to the renal tubular cells.Keywords: Green tea, Contrast media, Medicinal plants, Acute kidney injury, Toxicity -
سابقه و هدفیائسگی یک فرآیند فیزیولوژیک و دیابت یک بیماری متابولیک است که در خانم های مسن به فراوانی اتفاق می افتد. در این مطالعه اثرات دیابت بر برخی از پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و تغییرات هیستوپاتولوژیک در موش های صحرایی اواریکتومی شده بررسی شده است.مواد و روش هادر این مطالعه تجربی- مداخله ای 32 سر موش صحرایی ماده بالغ به چهار گروه 8 تایی تقسیم و به مدت 55 هفته بررسی شدند. گروه اول شاهد، گروه دوم اواریکتومی (به مدت 55 هفته)، گروه سوم دیابتی القا شده در 5 هفته آخر مطالعه در موش های دارای تخمدان و گروه چهارم اواریکتومی (به مدت 55 هفته) و دیابت القا شده در 5 هفته آخر مطالعه. تغییرات آسیب شناسی بافت های کبد، کلیه، پانکراس و ریه و برخی شاخص های بیوشیمیایی سرم در هر گروه در پایان مطالعه تعیین شدند.یافته هاموش های صحرایی دیابتی و اواریکتومی دیابتی شده افزایش گلوکز خون، آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز، آلانین آمینو ترانسفراز، گاماگلوتامیل ترانسفراز، آلکالین فسفاتاز، کلسیم، اوره، تری گلیسیرید و لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته بالا را در مقایسه با گروه کنترل نشان دادند (05/0>p). موش های صحرایی اواریکتومی شده افزایش لاکتات دهیدروژناز، تری گلیسیرید، کلسترول، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته بالاو لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته بسیار پایین را در مقایسه با گروه کنترل نشان دادند (05/0>p). بررسی های آسیب شناسی تعدادی از تغییرات را در گروه های 2، 3 و 4 نشان دادند.
استنتاج: یافته ها نشان داد کاهش طولانی مدت استروژن در موش های اواریکتومی شده دیابتی می تواند تغییرات سودمندی روی کاهش سطوح سرمی گلوکز، آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز، آلانین آمینو ترانسفراز، گاماگلوتامیل ترانسفراز، اوره، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته بسیار پایین و تری گلیسیرید نسبت به موش های صحرایی غیراواریکتومی دیابتی داشته باشد.کلید واژگان: دیابت, یائسگی, اواریکتومی, موش صحراییBackground andPurposeMenopause is a physiological process and diabetes is a metabolic disease that occurs more frequently in older women. The present study investigated the effects of diabetes on some biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in ovariectomized rats.Materials And MethodsThirty two adult female rats were divided into four groups of 8 and studied for 55 weeks. The animals were assigned into a control group, an ovariectomized group (55 weeks), a third group in which diabetes was induced in the last 5 weeks of the study in rats with intact ovary. The next group included ovariectomized rats (for 55 weeks) in which diabetes was induced in the last 5 weeks of the study. Pathological alterations of liver, kidney, pancreas, lung and some serum biochemical parameters were determined in each group at the end of the study.ResultsDiabetic and diabetic ovariectomized rats showed increase in serum levels of blood glucose, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, calcium, urea, TG and HDL compared with the control group (PConclusionOur findings suggest that long term reduction of estrogen in ovariectomized diabetic rats can reduce the serum levels of glucose, AST, ALT, GGT, urea, VLDL and triglycerides compared with non ovariectomized diabetic rats.Keywords: diabetes, menopause, ovariectomy, rats -
سابقه و هدفبیان فاکتورهای رشد،آنزیم های پروتئولیتیک، فاکتورهای فیبروژنیک و سایتوکاین ها می توانند باعث ایجاد تغییرات در معده افراد آلوده به هلیکوباکترپیلوری شوند. ماتریکس متالوپروتئینازها از خانواده آنزیم های مشابه و وابسته به روی (zn2+) هستند که در هضم بسیاری از ترکیبات ماتریکس خارج سلولی و بافت غشای پایه نقش دارند و از این لحاظ در فرآیندهای بیولوژیکی شرکت دارند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تفاوت بیان ژن ماتریکس متالوپروتئیناز 7 (MMP-7 ) در بیماران آلوده و غیرآلوده به هلیکوباکتر پیلوری با ناراحتی های گوارشی بوده است.مواد و روش هادر این مطالعه توصیفی از 50 بیمار مثبت و 50 بیمار منفی از لحاظ هلیکوباکترپیلوری که به علت مشکلات گوارشی به بیمارستان هاجر شهر کرد در سال 1393 مراجعه کرده بودند، اطلاعات دموگرافیک جمع آوری و نمونه گیری انجام شد.ابتدا از DNA استخراج شده، حضور ژن های UreC و16sRNA توسط PCR ارزیابی شد. سطح بیان mRNA مخاطی MMP-7 توسط Real-time PCR با استفاده از پرایمرها و پروب اختصاصی اندازه گیری شد.یافته هابیان نسبی ژن MMP-7 در بیماران آلوده به هلیکوباکترپیلوری به طور معنی داری بالاتر از بیماران غیرآلوده به هلیکوباکترپیلوری بود (0001/0< p).
استنتاج: افزایش بیان MMP-7 ممکن است در پاسخ التهابی و پیشرفت بیماری موثر باشد و شاید بتوان از آن به عنوان یک علامت کلیدی در تشخیص زود هنگام بیماری های گوارشی استفاده کرد.کلید واژگان: هلیکوباکترپیلوری, ماتریکس متالوپروتئیناز, 7, بیماری های گوارشی, Real time, PCRBackground andPurposeThe expression of growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, fibrogenic factors, and cytokines are altered in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infected gastric mucosa. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of zinc-dependent homologous enzymes digesting most of the components of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane and are involved in remodeling and functioning of the biological processes. The purpose of this study was to compare gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in patients with H. pylori-infected and uninfected individuals with gastrointestinal diseases.Materials And MethodsThis study was conducted in 50 H. pylori-negative patients and 50 H. pylori-positive patients being admitted to Shahrekord Hajar Hospital due to gastrointestinal diseases in 2014. The participants demographic information was collected and sampling was done. First DNA was extracted, and then PCR was performed to check for the presence of 16sRNA and UreC. The RNA from each sample was also extracted and cDNA was prepared. Afterwards, the expression of MMP-7 was measured by real time-PCR using specific primers and probes.ResultsMMP-7 mRNA expression was significantly higher in biopsies of H. pylori-infected patients compared to that in H. pylori-uninfected patients (PConclusionIncreased expression of MMP-7 can be effective in inflammatory response and development of the disease. It could be used as a key marker for early diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases and gastric cancer.Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, matrix metalloproteinase, 7, gastrointestinal diseases, Real, Time PCR -
Since Anethum graveolens (Dill) has phytoestrogenic compounds and it is proven that estrogens exert beneficial effects on cognition; the aim of this study was to understand if this plant can improve memory performance. Male Balb/c mice weighing 25-30 g were used in this study and memory was assessed by the novel object recognition task. In this method, the difference in the exploration time between a familiar object and a novel object is taken as an index of memory performance (recognition index, RI). Scopolamine significantly reduced memory index (RI = -15.5% ± 3.0). Dill essence (100 mg/kg, ip) prevented the harmful effects of scopolamine on memory (RI = 40% ± 5.5), thus RI did not differ with control animals (RI = 50% ± 5.8). In addition, 17-β estradiol also prevented memory impairment in animals (0.2 mg/kg, ip; RI = 35.8% ± 6.5). Nevertheless, the beneficial effects of dill essence were antagonized by prior injection of tamoxifen (1 mg/kg, ip; RI = -30% ± 7.8). Although phytoesrogens are not steroids, the beneficial effect of dill on memory, at least in part, may have been achieved by estrogenic receptors present in the brain. Thus dill essence could be promising in improving memory and cognition, mainly in postmenopausal women.Keywords: Anethum graveolens, Dill, Estrogen, Memory, Phytoestrogen, Tamoxifen
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بررسی سمیت عصاره ی هیدروالکلی هندوانه ی کوهی Momordica Charantia بر کبد موش های سوری نرمقدمههندوانه ی کوهی، به علت خاصیت هیپوگلایسمیک شهرت دارد و به صورت گسترده در جامعه جهت درمان دیابت استفاده می شود. در این تحقیق، علاوه بر بررسی ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی گیاه و اثر آن بر ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی خون، احتمال هپاتوتوکسیسیتی این گیاه با بررسی شیمیایی و هیستولوژیک مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.روش هادر این مطالعه، 70 موش سوری نر با وزن 30-25 گرم وارد مطالعه شدند و به طور تصادفی در 7 گروه قرار گرفتند. موش ها به مدت 7 روز در شرایط آزمایشگاهی نگهداری و سپس در روز هشتم دوزهای مختلف عصاره ی هندوانه ی کوهی از طریق تزریق داخل صفاقی دریافت کردند. گروه های درمان تک دوز شامل 100، 500، 1000، 2000 و 4000 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم و گروهی که یک هفته تحت درمان با دوز 500 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم به صورت روزانه قرار گرفت. سپس به مدت 72 ساعت موش ها تحت نظر بودند و بعد از آن کشته شدند. کبد موش ها جهت بررسی هیستولوژی برداشته و تغییرات هیستوپاتولوژیک کبد بررسی شد. سرم موش ها نیز از نظر آنزیم های کبدی (ALP یا Alkaline phosphatase، SGPT یا Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase و SGOT یا Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) بررسی شد. ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی خون و گیاه نیز محاسبه شد.یافته هادر کلیه ی گروه هایی که دارو را به صورت تک دوز دریافت کرده بودند، تغییرات آماری معنی داری در میزان آنزیم های کبدی SGOT، SGPT و ALP و همچنین در مطالعات بافت شناسی مشاهده نشد (05/0 < P). مقادیر آنزیم های SGOT، SGPT و ALP به ترتیب 0/76 ± 8/180، 0/54 ± 6/80 و 0/88 ± 7/204 بود. ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی هندوانه ی کوهی 68 درصد و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی خون 564 میکرومول بر لیتر به دست آمد.نتیجه گیریهندوانه ی کوهی تا دوز 4000 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم به صورت تک دوز برای کبد آسیب و سمیتی ایجاد نمی کند، اما انجام مطالعات بیشتر با دوز های مختلف دارو پیشنهاد می شود.کلید واژگان: هندوانه ی کوهی, کبد, آلکالن فسفاتاز, آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز, آلانین آمینوترانسفرازEvaluating the Liver Toxicity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Momordica Charantia in Male Balb/C MiceBackgroundMomordica charantia (bitter melon) is known for its hypoglycemic effect and widely used for the treatment of diabetes. This study other than evaluating plant antioxidant and its effect on blood antioxidant capacity, examined the effects and safety of bitter melon fruit in laboratory mice.Methods70 male mice (2-3 weeks old, body weight 25-30 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups. The mice were acclimatized to laboratory conditions for 7 days and at day 8, they were dosed intraperitoneally (single dose groups: 0, 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 mg/kg and the group which was treated for 7 days: 500 mg/kg/day). Mice were then observed for 72 hours before they were scarified, immediately livers were taken for histology. Serum samples were assayed for liver functions [alkaline phosphatase (ALT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)]. Blood and bitter melon antioxidant activity was measured.
Findings: All single dose groups showed normal behavior after the dosing and no statistical changes were observed in all liver parameters including for SGOT, SGPT or ALP (P > 0.05). Lab data were shown as follow: ALP = 204.7 ± 88.0, SGOT = 180.8 ± 76.0, SGPT = 80.6 ± 54.0. Histological examinations revealed normal organ structures. Antioxidant activity of bitter melon was 68% and blood antioxidant activity was 564 µmol/ml.ConclusionDoses up to 4000 mg/kg did not have any effects on the mice liver functions nor its histology. We suggest more studies with different doses.Keywords: Momordica charantia, Liver, Alkaline phosphatase (ALT), Serum glutamic, pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) -
IntroductionPrevious studies have shown anti-ulcerogenic effects of Artemisia sieberi (A. sieberi) on gastric lesions and experimental skin wound, so this study was conducted to evaluate healing effects of A. sieberi on the experimental second degree burn in mice skin.MethodsNinety adult male mice in 3 groups were used. Second degree burn was made in the dorsum and then silver sulfadiazine (SSD) 1% ointment and A. sieberi extract were applied in the positive control and treatment groups respectively, while in the negative control no medication was done. Digital photographs were taken daily for determination of healing percentage. For histopathological assessment, 5 mice of each group on the days 1, 3, 7, 14 & 21 post burn, were chosen and after euthanasia, a full thickness skin flap of the burn was taken and after tissue processing, specimens were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) and examined for granulation tissue, inflammation, re-epithelialization and collagen sediment, also hydroxyproline content of burn was measured. Data were presented as mean ± SE and analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post huc tests (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsA. sieberi enhanced wound healing via significantly decreased inflammation, increased granulation tissue, hydroxyproline content and healing percentage in comparison to negative control in such a manner which was comparable to standard SSD.ConclusionIt seems that A. sieberi can promote burn healing due to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial and mitogenic properties of the plant.Keywords: Aremisia sieberi, Second degree burn, Healing
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In the recent decades, hyperlipidemia has considerably increased with the development of machine life. It has been accompanied by diseases such as hypothyroidism, liver and kidney diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, as well as obesity and can cause complications such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, increased risk of stroke, and fatty liver disease. Lorestan province in the west of Iran has an ancient history in traditional medicine and abundance of medicinal plants. So, this study aimed to identify effective medicinal plants for hyperlipidemia in this province and report its effects on the treatment of hyperlipidemia and the related diseases. This study was conducted during 2008-2010 by 11 trained health volunteers with the cooperation of Food and Drug Chancellor, Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, and Health and Treatment Networks of Khorramabad, Dorud, Poldokhtar, Boroujerd, Aleshtar, Aligoodarz, Kouhdasht, and Noorabad. Questionnaire method was used, and a specific questionnaire was designed to gather information on traditional herbal therapy, which has been used to reduce hyperlipidemia in this province. The results of the questionnaire analysis indicated that in lorestan province, nine species of medicinal plants from eight plant families were used for treating hyperlipidemia. Leaves were mostly used plant part (42%) and predominantly used herbal preparations were raw plants (46%). Summer with 38% of frequency was the most reported season for collecting medicinal plants effective for hyperlipidemia in this province. Cichorium intybus was the most frequently used medicinal plant (73.33%). Novel scientific studies support the ethnomedicinal use of some of the mentioned plants in the lorestan province of Iran for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. However, further clinical investigations are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety.Keywords: Persian Medicine, Hyperlipidemia, Medicinal Plants, Ethnobotany, Lorestan, Iran
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زمینه و هدفاسطوخدوس و بهارنارنج دارای ترکیبات فلاونوئیدی بوده ودر طب سنتی ایران به عنوان آرام بخش استفاده می شوند. این مطالعه به منظور تعیین و مقایسه اثرات ضد افسردگی اسانس اسطوخدوس و بهارنارنج بر موش های سوری بود.روش بررسیدر این مطالعه تجربی 54 سر موش سوری به 9 گروه 6 تایی تقسیم شدند. گروه یک: گروه کنترل دریافت کننده نرمال سالین، گروه دوم ،سوم، چهارم و پنجم بترتیب اسانس اسطوخودوس با دوزهای 25، 50، 75 و 100 میلی گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن و گروه های ششم، هفتم و هشتم اسانس بهارنارنج با دوزهای 25، 50 و 100 میلی گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن و گروه نهم ایمی پرامین با دوز 15 میلی گرم بازای هر کیلوگرم بصورت داخل صفاقی دریافت کردند. در همه گروه ها آزمون شنای اجباری انجام وزمان بی حرکتی توسط نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون آماری ANOVA و دانکن آنالیز شدند.یافته هااسطوخودوس با دوز 25 میلی گرم بازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن مدت زمان بی حرکتی را نسبت به گروه کنترل کاهش داد (05/P <) اما با دوز 100 میلی گرم بازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن مدت زمان بی حرکتی را نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش داد(01/P <) . همچنین بهارنارنج با دوز 25، 50 و 100 میلی گرم بازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن مدت زمان بی حرکتی را نسبت به گروه کنترل تغییر نداد (05/P >).نتیجه گیریگیاه اسطوخدوس و بهارنارنج دارای اثرات ضد افسردگی هستند و ممکن است با خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی در ارتباط باشد.کلید واژگان: افسردگی, تست شنای اجباری, اسطوخدوس و بهارنارنج, موش Balb, CBackground And AimsLavandula stoechas L and Citrus aurantium L. possess flavonoids and they have been used as sedative in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to detect and compare the antidepressant activities of Lavandula and Citrus aurantium L in Balb/C mice.MethodsIn this experimental study, 54 mice were divided into 9 groups of 6 mice each. Group 1 was the control group and received normal saline. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were treated with different doses of Essential oil of Lavandula (25, 50, 75,100 mg/kg, IP). Groups 6, 7 and 8 were treated with different doses of Essential oil of Citrus aurantium L. (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, IP). Group 9 was treated with imipramine (15 mg/kg, IP). In all groups, the forced swimming test was performed, and the duration of immobility time was expressed as Mean ± Standard error of the mean. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.ResultsThirty minutes before the forced swimming tests the mice received intraperitoneal injections of Citrus aurantium, lavender and imipramine, but they did not exhibit significant changes in immobilization times compared to the control group(P>0.05). The essential oil of Lavandula 25 mg/kg significantly decreased immobility time in the forced swimming test compared to the essential oil of Lavandula 100 mg/kg group (PConclusionEssential oils of Lavandula and Citrus aurantium L. similar to Imipramine have considerable antidepressant properties.Keywords: Depression, Forced swimming test, Lavandula stoechas L., Citrus aurantium, Essential oil
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مقدمهعفونت ادراری یکی از شایع ترین علل مراجعات سرپایی بیماران به مراکز پزشکی است که گاها به دلیل وخامت حال عمومی و یا وجود یک زمینه ناتوان کننده در شخص، نیاز به بستری احساس می شود. در حال حاضر جهت جلوگیری از عود مکرر سیستیت چند روش وجود دارد که شایعترین آن استفاده از آنتی بیوتیک پروفیلاکسی طولانی مدت می باشد. درمان آنتی بیوتیک طولانی مدت منجر به ایجاد مقاومت میکروبی و رشد سوش های مقاوم خواهد شد.اهدافهدف این مطالعه تعیین مقایسه ای اثر قرص زغال اخته و قرص نیتروفورانتویین و پلاسبو بر پیشگیری از عود عفونت ادراری راجعه در زنان 15-45 ساله مراجعه کننده به کلینیک بیمارستان کاشانی شهرکرد بود.مواد و روش هااین مطالعه یک کارآزمایی بالینی بود که برروی 3 گروه 21 نفره از زنان 15-45 ساله مراجعه کننده به کلینیک بیمارستان کاشانی شهرکرد که دچار سیستیت مکرر شده بودند انجام گرفت. افرادی که اختلال آناتومیک دستگاه ادراری تناسلی (سنگ ، یورتروسل و هیدرونفروز) واختلال فانکشنال دستگاه ادراری تناسلی (مثانه نوروژنیک) دارند و همچنین افرادی که دچار مقاومت باکتریایی شده اند از مطالعه مذکور خارج میشوند. بیماران به صورت کاملا تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند. قبل از ورود افراد به مطالعه بیماران از نظر مشکلات فانکشنال و آناتومیک تحت معاینه بالینی و در صورت لزوم سونوگرافی قرار گرفتند. پس از درمان عفونت ادراری فعلی وکسب بهبود بالینی، به گروه اول قرص زغال اخته 500 میلی گرم شبانه به مدت 6 ماه و به گروه دوم قرص نیتروفورانتوئین با دوز پروفیلاکسی به صورت 100 میلی گرم شبانه به مدت 6 ماه و به گروه سوم پلاسبو داده شد. این بیماران طی شش ماه مورد بررسی و پیگیری قرار گرفتند. هر دو ماه یکبار بیمار مورد معاینه بالینی، آنالیز و کشت ادرار و ارزیابی از نظر علائم بالینی سیستیت قرار گرفتند. به بیماران توصیه شد در صورت بروز علائم عفونت در هر زمان ،جهت کشت ادرار مجدد (علاوه بر کشت های ذکر شده) مراجعه کنند.نتایجدر مطالعه انجام شده تفاوت معنا داری بین سه گروه مورد مطالعه از نظر عود عفونت ادراری راجعه وجود نداشت (005/0 P>)، گرچه اختلافاتی وجود داشت. کشت ادرار مثبت در طی 6 ماه در گروه نیتروفورانتوئین 9.6 درصد و در گروه زغال اخته 19 درصد و در گروه پلاسبو 33.4 درصد بود. از نظر سوزش ادراری در طی 6 ماه بررسی و نوبت دوم تفاوت معنا داری بین گروه پلاسبو و زغال اخته وجود داشت (004/ P = ) سوزش ادرار در طی 6 ماه در گروه زغال اخته 14.2 درصد و درگروه پلاسبو 56.2 درصد بود.بحث و نتیجه گیریبا توجه به نتایج، مصرف قرص زغال اخته با دوز 500 میلی گرم در روز می تواند باعث کاهش سوزش ادرار در بیماران مبتلا به عفونت ادراری راجعه شود.کلید واژگان: زغال اخته, عفونت ادراری, نیتروفورانتویینBackground And AimsUrinary tract infection is a common cause of outpatient visits of patients in medical centers and sometimes they need to be admitted because of their deterioration of an underlying condition or incapacitating. The aim of this study was the comparison of cranberry pills and nitrofurantoin pill to prevent recurrent urinary tract infection among 15-45 years old women who goes to the Kashani hospitals clinic in Shahrekord.MethodsThis study was a clinical trial on 3 groups each one contains twenty one 15-45 years old women with recurrent urinary tract infection that are visited in Kashani hospitals clinic. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group received cranberry 500 mg tablets for 6 months and the second group received nitrofurantoin 100 mg during night for 6 months and the third group received placebo. These patients were followed up during the 6 months and once in two months the patient were examined clinically, Urinary Analysis, Urinary Culture, and in terms of recurrent cystitis.ResultsIn our study, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of recurrent UTI recurrence, although there were differences (P>0.005). Positive urine culture in nitrofurantoin group was 9.6% and in cranberry group was 19% and in placebo group was 33.4% during 6 months. In terms of dysuria in 6 months and the second time there was significant difference between placebo and cranberry (P=0.004). Dysuria in cranberry group was 14.2% and in placebo group was 56.2% during 6 months.ConclusionAccording to the results, taking the cranberry pills with the dose of 500 mg per day can reduce dysuria in patients with recurrent urinary tract infection.Keywords: Cranberry, Urinary infections, Nitrofurantoin
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مقدمهگیاه آلوئه ورا، یکی از گیاهان شناخته شده ای است که ژل آن کاربرد وسیعی در طب سنتی دارد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی میزان فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و اندازه گیری ترکیبات فلاونوئیدی و فنولی عصاره ی آلوئه ورا و تاثیر درمانی آن بر اثرات نفروتوکسیک ناشی از مصرف جنتامایسین بود.روش هااین مطالعه، بر روی 60 سر رت نر نژاد ویستار انجام شد که به طور تصادفی به 6 گروه 10 تایی تقسیم شدند. موش های گروه 1 (گروه شاهد) آب مقطر، گروه 2 روزانه 300 میلی گرم/کیلوگرم عصاره ی آلوئه ورا به مدت 3 روز به صورت خوراکی و سپس، 80 میلی گرم/کیلوگرم جنتامایسین به مدت 7 روز به صورت تزریق وریدی، گروه 3 روزانه همان میزان عصاره ی آلوئه ورای خوراکی به مدت 10 روز، گروه 4 روزانه همان میزان جنتامایسین وریدی به مدت 7 روز، گروه 5 روزانه همان میزان جنتامایسین وریدی به مدت 7 روز و سپس محلول سالین، به مدت 10 روز و گروه 6 روزانه همان میزان جنتامایسین وریدی به مدت 7 روز و سپس همان میزان عصاره ی آلوئه ورای خوراکی به مدت 10 روز دریافت کردند. در پایان، تمامی حیوانات با رعایت اصول اخلاقی کشته شدند.یافته هامیزان فلاونوئید و ترکیبات فنولیک در عصاره ی آلوئه ورا به ترتیب برابر با 8/3 ± 0/43 میلی گرم/گرم معادل Rutin و 8/3 ± 1/80 میلی گرم/گرم معادل اسید گالیک و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره، 38 درصد بود. شدت نفروتوکسیسیتی در گروه 2، تفاوت معنی داری در مقایسه با گروه شاهد و گروه 3 نداشت. همچنین، شدت نفروتوکسیسیتی در گروه های 4، 5 و 6 به طور معنی داری بیشتر از گروه شاهد و گروه های 2 و 3 بود.نتیجه گیریآلوئه ورا با وجود ترکیبات فنولی و آنتی اکسیدانی، نتوانست سبب پیش گیری یا کاهش تخریب توبول های کلیوی در اثر مصرف جنتامایسین شود.
کلید واژگان: آلوئه ورا, جنتامایسین, نفروتوکسیسیتی, حفاظت کلیه, نارسایی کلیه, توبولار توکسیسیتیBackgroundAloe vera is a well-known plant, has been used as alternative medicine. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and phenolic and flavonoid quantities of Aloe vera to investigate the nephroprotective and curative effects of aqueous extract of this plant on gentamicin-induced tubular toxicity in male Wistar rats.MethodsThis preclinical study was performed on 60 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 6 groups of 10. Group I were treated with vehicle (distilled water) as control. Group II received 300 mg/kg/day Aloe vera for three days next orally, then, the same oral Aloe vera plus 80 mg/kg/day intravenous gentamicin for seven more days. Group III received the same amount of oral Aloe vera for 10 days. Group IV received the same amount of intravenous gentamicin for 7 days. Group V received the same amount of intravenous gentamicin for 7 days and then, saline for ten days. Group VI received the same amount of intravenous gentamicin for 7 days and then, the same amount of oral Aloe vera for 10 days.FindingsThe amounts of flavonoid and phenolic component in Aloe vera extract were 43.0 ± 3.8 mg/g of rutin equivalent and 80.1 ± 3.8 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extract was 38%. The intensity of nephrotoxicity in group 2, which received 300 mg/kg/day Aloe vera orally as prophylaxis was not significantly different from the group I and from the group II, which received the same amount of Aloe vera without gentamicin. In 4, 5, 6 groups the intensity of nephrotoxicity was more than 1, 2 and 3 groups.ConclusionThis finding reveals that despite the antioxidants and polyphenol compounds of Aloe vera, it cannot prevent or treat the gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.Keywords: Gentamicin, Aloe vera, Nephrotoxicity, Renoprotection, Tubular toxicity, Renal failure -
Context: World kidney day is a yearly global alertness and education ceremony, held on the second Thursday in March. Evidence Acquisition: Directory of open access journals (DOAJ), EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science have been searched.ResultsOnce again we reached to March 14, the world kidney day of 2016. This is the 10th anniversary of world kidney day, a program of the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations (IFKF). World kidney day first began in 2006 and the worldwide campaign highlights a specific theme each year. The theme for 2015 was to invite everybody to drink a glass of water and give one, too, to celebrate their kidneys. This is a symbolic action to memorize that kidneys are vital organs and that they might be cared.ConclusionsIt is a manner to make individuals more conscious about their lifestyle choices. In this year, world kidney day will be celebrated on Thursday March 10, 2016. The theme for 2016 will highlight on renal disease and children.Keywords: Chronic renal failure, World kidney day, Acute kidney injury, Renoprotection
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BackgroundDiabetes is the greatest public health problem and is considered as the silent epidemic of the 21st century. In Iran, there are approximately 1.5 million diabetic patients. Before the discovery of insulin, medicinal plants were widely used for the treatment of diabetes in Iran.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the indigenous plants used for the treatment of diabetes in Shiraz, southwest of Iran.Materials And MethodsSemi-structured direct interviews were conducted with 25 herbalists to identify medicinal plants used to treat diabetes. Questionnaires were included herbalist personal information, plant local name, growth season, plant parts used, preparation methods, and traditional therapies.ResultsThe interview data indicated that, 24 medicinal plants from 19 families are used for the treatment of diabetes in Shiraz. The families with most antidiabetic species were Compositae (13%), Rosaceae (13%) and Cucurbitaceae (8%). The most frequently used plant parts were fruits (38%) and the most common preparation method was decoction (62%). For 45% of reported plants, pharmaceutical studies approved antidiabetic effects in animal or humane model of diabetes. Results of this study showed that the plants recommended by Shirazian herbalists have potential antidiabetic effects.ConclusionsIt is suggested that the ingredients of indigenous plants be studied to determine therapeutic effects and mechanism of action. If they were safe and effective, they can be refined and processed to produce natural drugs.Keywords: Medicinal plants, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension
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