فهرست مطالب mahnaz koohi

Abul Ḥasan Ali b. Mohammad b. Ḥabib Basri Māwardī was one of the great Šafi'i jurists in the 4th and 5th Hijri centuries, who occupies an important place in the history of political thought in Islam due to the numerous works he wrote on the subject of politics. “A’lām al-Nubuwwah” is one of Māwardī's surviving works written on the subject of proving the prophethood of the Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) by referring to his prophetic signs. Considering the fact that this book is one of the biographical works, and also considering the fact that the historical perspective means the historian's way of historical thinking, the present study attempts to find an answer to the question of what was the historical perspective or Māwardī's historiographical thoughts in “A’lām al-Nubuwwah”, and on the other hand, what was the impact of his theological thoughts on his historiography? The authors arrived at these results through a descriptive-analytical approach and, the use of library sources: Māwardī had a historical insight when he spoke about the miracle-based narratives and also presented the history of Prophet’s (pbuh) life. Despite the theological approach to the issue of miracles, he showed his historical insight by paying attention to historical elements (time-place-situation), showing tolerance in knowing the narrator, paying attention to the possibility of the arrival of news as much as possible, as well as criticism and analysis. His theological approach in discussing the miracles of the Quran and the acceptance of infallibility before prophethood was also similar to that of the Muʻtazila. Due to Ash'ari 's opposition to infallibility before prophethood, his theological approach in this work can be considered similar to that of the Muʻtazilites.

Social identity is a feeling and attitude that arises from being part of a social group. It invoves understanding and acknowledging  once’s membership in the group and how one presents themseves to others. It also includes individual's group membership. In the middle of the 6th century of Hijri, a book entitled Fażā’īḥ ul-Rawāfīż was written against the Shiites of Ray, and the Imami community of Ray nominated Šeikh Abd al- Jalil Qazvini to respond to this book. Qazvini Razi has provided us with the self/other dialectic to determine the social identity of the Imamiyyah of Ray by guaranteeing the quotations from the lost book of Fażā’īḥ ul-Rawāfīż.The current research aims to investigate the reflection of the social identity of Imamiyyah in the book of al-Naqż by the method of historical description and analysis and using library references, emphasizing the understanding of self/other, and according to the definition of social identity, shows others’s response to the redefinition of the Imami identity by Šeiḵ Abd al- Jalil. The findings indicate that Qazvini Razi has tried to redefine the social identity of the Aṯnā ‘Ašari Imamiyyah by narrowing the circle within the Imamiyyah group and differentiating it from some other Imami groups. Examining the other’s point of view in the books that were written after him in Ray and near it showed that there has been no change in determining the identity of Imamiyyah.

Analyzing the personality of Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) is among the most significant topics of Islamic historiography which has been considered by historians and narration scholars in issues of conducts and battles. This topic attracted Islamic authors' attentions from the second half of the second Islamic century independently bearing the title of "dala'il Al-Nabowah" book. This book states the miracles and signs of the Prophet aiming at defending the Prophet's personality against the raised misgivings about him. The main research question is that what is writing reasons and what criteria does it have? Having studied the position of these works in Islamic historiography using a descriptive-analytical research method, the researchers investigate the quality of their advent and the content of this book. Accordingly, the most important signs of the Prophethood of the Prophet of Islam as mentioned in writing reasons works are the previous prophets' enunciation to the Prophet Mohammad's coming, his wonder works, and his miracles.

Dalaelgraphy of Nabavi (PBUH) examines books that focus specifically on the signs of the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as evidence for his prophethood. The way these writers deal with the prophetic signs of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) shows what components of the Prophet's biography are of interest to them in this genre, and this is largely based on the theological or hadith school. These authors are done. The first work of Ismaili thinkers on this subject is the book by Abu Hatem Razi (322 AH).The present study seeks to answer the question that Abu Hatam Razi, as a prominent Ismaili theologian, has paid attention to which components of prophetic reasoning and whether he is different from other non-Ismaili writers in this regard or not? The answer obtained shows that the Ismaili views on prophetic reasoning were not significantly different from the authors of other schools, including muhaddithin, Zaidi theologians, Mu'tazilites, and Ash'arites. The importance and necessity of this research lies in the fact that the book of Abu Hatem Razi was the oldest Ismaili work on the subject and so far no research has been done on this subject.