mahsa abbasi

 Hydroxyapatite is one of the most essential bioactive and biocompatible ceramics. Due to its unique properties and its structural similarity to bone, it has many applications in medicine, dentistry, and bone tissue engineering. Therefore, many methods and strategies have been studied to prepare hydroxyapatite. The purpose of this study was to optimize hydroxyapatite nanocrystals prepared from biological sources with higher efficiency and quality.

This study synthesized and analyzed hydroxyapatite from White Sea shells using simple and affordable methods like ultrasonic, hydrothermal, and thermal-ultrasonic decomposition. White seashells contain carbonate-calcium (CaCO3). For the synthesis of hydroxyapatite, environmentally friendly solvents such as water (green synthesis) and di ammonium hydrogen phosphate (ADP) were used as a source of phosphate. The data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism V.10 statistical software, and the level of significance was considered less than 0.05.

Hydroxyapatite was synthesized by the ultrasonic method and was chosen as the most appropriate. Because in the EDX results, the percentage of elements oxygen and phosphorus (O, P) in the hydroxyapatite synthesized by the ultrasonic method corresponds to the data of the standard card, HA~1.67, and for this reason, the ultrasonic method is better than the other two methods (hydrothermal and thermal-ultrasonic decomposition) and is more suitable. In FTIR, phosphate, hydroxide, and carbonate (PO43-), OH, and CO32- groups were observed, which indicate the synthesis of hydroxyapatite. With SEM and FE-SEM, the morphology and size of hydroxyapatite particles were observed to be between 16.5 and 70.80 nm. XRD analysis, crystallinity, and needle-like structure of hydroxyapatite were observed. The blood compatibility results showed that hydroxyapatite had no significant hemolysis. Examining the cell compatibility of hydroxyapatite on bone-like cells (MG63) showed a survival rate of over 90%, and cell proliferation was statistically (Graph Pad Prism 10) significant (P < 0.05).

One of the most effective methods for preparing hydroxyapatite involves conducting the reactions at the bottom; the ultrasonic method's affordability and cost-effectiveness are among its positive features, as it can generate multiple processes throughout the production process. The results demonstrated that this method produced a material with a hexagonal structure, nanometer size, and suitable biocompatibility.

The present study aimed to compare attributional styles, early maladaptive schemas, and dysfunctional attitudes between normal people and people with recurrent major depression. The research design was causal-comparative. The statistical population of this research was postgraduate students of Tehran universities. The sampling method was the Convenience judgmental Sampling method. 50 people were considered for each group. Goldberg Depression Questionnaire (1972), Attributional Styles Scale (1984), Young Schema Questionnaire (1998), and Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaire (1978) were used to measure the considered variables. Data were analyzed using a one-way multivariate analysis of variance. Compared to normal people, depressed people with frequent relapse scored significantly higher on the dysfunctional attitude level and in all of the early maladaptive schemas. Also, in the style of attributions, normal people significantly use stable and internal attributions for positive events, while depressed people with frequent relapse significantly use stable, internal, and global attributions for negative events. Therefore, to prevent relapse in depression, it is suggested to prioritize the use of interventions that target these cognitive structures.

Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and acaricide that is being phased out globally. There are significant environmental concerns of endosulfan due to its persistence and toxicity. Their alternatives include newer, less persistent, and more toxic insecticides, as well as the integrated weed management practices that are used.

In this study, with a facile method, CdTe QDs coated with ioglycolic acid (TGA) were synthesized through hydrothermal methods. And they were used as new fluorescent nanosensors for chlorine poison in biological samples. This sensor can also be used for endosulfan drug detection with excellent sample resolution, wide linear range, and low detection. Therefore, this method is a relatively practical and economical method.

This type of CdTe QDs fluorescent Nano sensor is acceptable for the determination of endosulfan at the micromolar level. According to the XRD results, there was no change in the crystal structure of CdTe QDs. The fluorescence intensity increases or decreases by changing the volume of buffer and CdTe QD, pH, ionic strength and time.

A simple type of IFE method was studied in comparison with complex and expensive processes in the determination of endosulfan, which can be recognized as a simple, specific and immediate alternative method to solve the real problem.

Psychological factors might play a role in the onset and exacerbation of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between Alexithymia and Emotional Maturity with the mediation of Attachment Styles among cardiovascular patients in Zanjan, Iran. The present study has a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population of this study encompassed a range of 670 patients with cardiovascular diseases who were referred to the Cardiology Clinic of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan from March and August 2019. The sample size was estimated to be 244 people using Cochran formula. Data collection tools included Hazen and Shaver’s standard adult attachment style questionnaire, Toronto’s ataxia, and Singh and Bhargava questionnaires. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses were done using SPSS 24 software. There was a positive correlation between alexithymia with emotional instability (r=0.14, P<0.01), personality decay (r=0.36, P<0.01), and emotional maturity (r=0.38, P<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that emotional instability (P=0.009), personality decay (P=0.016), and emotional immaturity (P=0.009) significantly predicted secure style. Additionally, difficulty in describing emotions significantly predicted avoidant style (P=0.034). Emotional maturity (P=0.006) and difficulty recognizing emotions (P=0.009) also significantly predicted ambivalent style. Personality traits and emotional alexithymia can be used as indicators for predicting attachment styles and social behaviors, and specifically, lack of emotional stability, personality disintegration, and emotional alexithymia can predict secure and ambivalent styles to some extent. Also, difficulty in describing emotions and emotional immaturity have the ability to predict the avoidant style. These results can help to better understand individual behaviors and design solutions to improve behavior.

Herein, a one-pot, new, and domino method for the synthesis of benzyl vinyl ethers without the use of a metallic catalyst in the presence of arginine and dimethyl-sulfoxide has been reported. Arginine, as an inexpensive and available amino acid, has contributed to the advancement of this reaction. Dimethyl sulfoxide, in addition to the reaction solvent, is effective as a carbon source in the synthesis of benzyl vinyl ethers. Under optimal reaction conditions, a series of benzyl vinyl ether derivatives was synthesized from good to excellent yields and at relatively convenient times. High efficiency (87-87%), easy separation, cheap and affordable materials, cost-effectiveness in terms of time and cost and low-cost reactants are the most important advantages of these reactions.

Game-theater is a hybrid phenomenon which arises from the Intermediality of video game and theater. This inter-medial production carries the features and specifications of both performing events. The immersed atmosphere of this hybrid performative phenomena leads to a unique theatrical experience, actively engaging participants in the performance space. Although theatre audiences always participate in any theatre as a spectator, in Game-theatre, audience participation is not passive since it is inevitably necessary for the completion of the performance. The audience is not only the player of a video game but also acts as a character in the play. Therefore, the spectator is transforming to spect-actor. Other creative members of the group (including actors) should adjust and react according to this active participation. In this interactive theatre production, the spect-actor is free to choose actions, interact with actors and wander in the architectural space of the performance on the basis of a story telling event. Considering the nonlinear, live and interactive nature of this production, the script keeps an open structure in order for the variables that are brought into the performance by the audience participation. In other words, the participant’s choices, actions and gestus in combination with a narrative dramatic core give birth to a performance-text particularly designed for an immersive and interactive performance. This text transforms with each and every participant. The participant not only interacts with the performance on stage but also with the script. These features give an unpredictable characteristic to game-theatre, however the shaping the whole process is based on a dramatic core which is a way to unify all actions. Furthermore, it helps the performance to maintain its goal that is the final promised achievement similar to video games. This final achievement and predictable future is very similar to the determined destiny of a tragic character. During the performance, the spect-actor should challenge with side quests, a turning point and a resolution to carry on the predesignated mission. One should note that in the first encounters with a production, the spectator doesn’t have skills and knowledge equal with other prepared members of the performance group. Therefore, the simplicity and familiarity of the narrative and the initial introduction of characters are essential. Aristotelian drama can provide an appropriate narrative core to encourage role-playing and action. However, according to the dynamic and ever-changing nature of game-theater, the script is not anymore a solid base from which to perform, but it should be considered as a foundation material which undergoes a transformation. Hence, the concept of change in media according to the theory of intertextuality, can validate the inevitable dynamic transformation of Aristotelian plays into a performance text while performing game-theater. In this process, the encounter of spectator as a cultural text with an Aristotelian drama as the hypertext, produces a performative intertext. This intertext contains both verbal and performing elements and should remain open to audience participation. This study tries to explain how the process of interaction and co-execution affects the structure and dramatic elements of an Aristotelian drama as an appropriate dramatic core for game-theater.

Historical textures that were responsive spaces for their inhabitants' needs, are no longer strong to function properly during the transformations and changes of biological, social and economic needs, and lost their dynamic life .The Surrounding Area of the Second Sarv located in Nebadan neighborhood (one of the oldest neighborhoods of Abarkuh province) which used to be a lively space for the people, is now destroyed and abandoned. With the emphasis on the importance of infill development as a type of intervention in decaying historical fabric, relationship between the new plane and the historical fabric is too important. Ignoring the socio-cultural context in the form of unjustified interventions will not only lead to the taste of design in the historical context, but will also gradually lead to the destruction of their identity. The purpose of this article is to identify the parts and components of the cultural context of the Surrounding Area of the Second Sarv in Abarkooh for redesigning it in the historical context. The conceptual model of the present article is based on a descriptive-analytical research method. First, the concept of culture, cultural contextualism, and its components are identified. Then the effects of cultural contextualism are examined on the Surrounding Area of the Second Sarv

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common condition affecting the temporomandibular joint and causes pain and discomfort. However, the role of factors contributing to this problem is still controversial. The purpose of this cross‑sectional study was to determine the correlation of occlusal factors and parafunctional habits with TMD and The determination of TMD prevalence among patients referring to Isfahan Dental School in 2017.

In this cross‑sectional study, A total of 200 patients between 20 and 50 years were examined and questioned based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders assessment instrument. The association of occlusal factors (dental relationship, lateral occlusal scheme, horizontal differences between centric occlusion and Maximum intercuspation (MI), difference between MI and mandibular resting position) and parafunctional habits (bruxism/ clenching and habits) with TMD was analyzed using Chi‑square tests and independent sample t‑test (α = 0.05). Binomial logistic regression analysis was performed with respect to confounding variables.

The prevalence of TMD in the studied sample was 58.9%. Only bruxism showed a significant difference between TMD and non‑TMD groups (P < 0.05). Other parafunctional and occlusal factors did not act as influential factors for TMD.

Parafunction may play an important role in the initiation of TMD, although other habits and occlusal factors are considered as noninfluential factors. However, larger sample size and multicenter sampling are recommended for the future studies.

Energy saving is one of the most important challenges of today's world. In recent years, increasing concern about the environmental consequences of energy consumption and global warming has doubled the importance of this issue. In our country, the building sector accounts for about 40% of the total energy consumption. The building plays as the main intermediary between the outside and inside of the essential role in controlling the environmental conditions and providing comfort to the inhabitants of the building. This research investigates thermal behavior of external walls of buildings in Mashhad city. The research method was combined in this research and was identified by field studies of the common external walls in Mashhad buildings and simulated in the design of the Billboard software, and have been investigated in terms of energy consumption, as well as a number of new external walls Which are limited to the implementation of them in Mashhad, have been investigated in terms of thermal performance in the Designer Billboard software. The results show that the weakest wall in terms of thermal response between the exterior walls in the city of Mashhad HCB1 and the optimal wall in terms of energy saving and the appropriate thermal response A2, which uses this wall at 50% load The total and 73% are saved in wall losses, although the L2 wall performs better in the cold seasons, and prevents the outflow of heat inside the admittacne because of the energy required to provide the heating of the building. It is less than the rest of the walls, as well as the implementation of the dry facade system of each wall, which is observed by executing The dry façade of the total load and the heat dissipation of the wall are reduced.

In signal based fault diagnosis signal processing plays a key role. Signal processing techniques include the time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency area techniques. In this project, eccentricity fault diagnosis of the induction motor using the decision tree and coil voltage is investigated. With respect to diagnosis goal, three strategies can be followed. Isolation of faulty and healthy states, isolation of healthy, dynamic eccentricity and static eccentricity, and isolation of seven states of system (healthy, dynamic 10%, dynamic 30%, dynamic 50%, static 10%, static 30%, static 50%).

Pressure transmission under denture bases can vary depending on the denture tooth material. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pressure transmission under denture bases using denture teeth of different materials in direct and indirect tooth contacts.

In this in-vitro study, the pressure transmission generated by five types of denture teeth, including ceramic, nanocomposite, composite-acrylic resin, cross-linked acrylic resin, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), under direct and indirect pressures was evaluated (n=10). The maximum pressure (MPa) was measured using a strain gauge. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; α=0.05).

The denture tooth material had a significant effect on pressure transmission under denture bases (P<0.001). Under direct load, ceramic and PMMA teeth exhibited the maximum and minimum pressures, respectively, contrary to indirect load (P<0.001).

Pressure transmission under denture bases significantly varies with the use of different denture tooth materials. Acrylic teeth could be the most favorable choice to reduce the pressure beneath denture bases. Nanocomposite and acrylic resin-composite teeth may be used as alternatives

Dentists and all related oral hygiene occupations are endanger of cross contamination because of close contacts with patients. Dental laboratories are one of those which have a direct contact with dentist and cross infection control plays an important role to prevent exposure to pathogens. According to the fact that many dental laboratories are not well informed about cross infection control; the aim of this study is to prepare a questionnaire for evaluating both dentists and dental laboratories knowledge about cross control infections.
250 dentist and 50 dental laboratories were randomly chosen and prepared questionnaire distributed. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-Square test.
There was no significant differences between general and post graduated dentist in using gloves, masks and protective eye glasses (p value > 0.05).the results showed no significant differences in uses of protective eye glasses between dentist who worked in clinics and private offices (p value = 0.384), but there was significant differences in using gloves (p value = 0.02).condensation silicones (90.5%) and alginates (90%) were the most impression materials and 88% of dentist rinsed the impressions always while 0.8% never did that.
The cross control infection is not sufficient among dental laboratories and clinics and it is need to pay more attention.

Residual thermal stresses in dental porcelains can cause clinical failure. Porcelain cooling protocols may affect the amount of residual stresses within porcelain and also porcelain–zirconia bond strength. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of cooling protocols on the fracture load of porcelain veneered zirconia restorations.
Forty zirconia bars (31 mm × 6.5 mm × 1.35 mm ± 0.1 mm) were fabricated by computer‑aided design and computer‑aided manufacturing technology. Half of the specimens were immersed in the coloring agent for 2 min before sintering (yellow group). Thus, the specimens were divided into two groups of white (W) and yellow (Y) samples (n = 20). Heat‑pressed ceramic was applied to all bars. After pressing, half of the samples in each group were immediately removed from the oven (fast cooling) while the other specimens remained in the partially open door (30%) oven until the temperature reached to 500°C. Samples were thermocycled for 5000 cycles and subjected to modified four‑point flexural strength test by a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Two‑way ANOVA, One‑way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey honest significant difference tests were used for data analysis (α = 0.05).
Fractures were cohesive in all samples (within the porcelain adjacent to the interface). Two‑way ANOVA showed that the effect of cooling protocol on the fracture load of samples was statistically significant (P Slow cooling protocol should be preferably applied for zirconia restorations. Coloringagent used in this study had a significant negative effect on fracture load.

The fitness of a restoration is essential for its longevity, which is affected by different factors, including the type of the alloy used. Due to the production of Minalux nickel-chromium, beryllium-free, alloy in Iran, the aim of this study was to compare vertical margin discrepancy between Supercast and Iranian Minalux alloys.
In this experimental/observational study, 60 coping wax patterns were fabricated on a metal die which was prepared for porcelain-fused metal crown (PFM) with chamfer finishing line and divided into 2 groups of 30. In the first group, Supercast alloy and in the second group Minalux alloy were used. Castings were prepared and seated on the metal die after minimal internal surface adjustment. The vertical margin discrepancies were measured at four locations (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) of the die and casting. Then the vertical margin discrepancy in each group was statistically analyzed with SPSS 22, using t-test (α = 0.05).
Mean vertical margin discrepancy in first group (Supercast alloy) was 117.35 µm, with 137.57 µm in the second group (Minalux alloy). The castings with Supercast alloy were significantly different (p value = 0.031) from the Minalux alloys.
The results show that the Supercast alloy, due to lower vertical marginal discrepancy compared to Minalux, is better for fabrication of dental restorations.

Implant-supported overdentures have attained a special place as a successful alternative to conventional complete dentures. One of the most necessary repair procedures is relining to improve overdenture fit with underlying mucosa, particularly in the first year after delivery. The purpose of this study is to review various methods of relining in two types of implant-supported overdentures (ball and bar attachments).
Search strategy: All the relevant articles indexed in Pubmed from 1994 to 2012 were searched for the purpose of this review, using the following key words: reline, rebase and implant-supported overdentures. In ball attachment-supported overdentures we can use “abutment level” reline method with or without removal of the old cap during impression taking and then put the new caps directly (chair side) or indirectly in place. Of course, in the direct method we should overcome problems like holding the retentive caps in a specific direction and preventing penetration of acrylic resin into the undercuts. Another method for relining these overdentures is to use open impression coping and perform fixture level impression taking. Most of the relining methods of bar attachment-supported overdentures are based on direct or indirect clip attachment to denture base (taking an impression of the residual ridge and bar and use of open impression coping and a long waxing screw). In most of the relining methods which have been suggested for bar attachment-supported overdentures, it is not possible to accurately register the anatomic form of soft tissues under the bar attachment.
Clinical stages of relining in ball attachment-supported overdentures are probably simpler and less common than bar attachment overdentures. In these methods it is necessary to check occlusal contacts and correct them if necessary, like all the relining methods of complete denture and then remove a thin layer of denture inner surface, denture borders and undercuts.

Applying intelligent agents in engineering has become one of novel subjects in implementation of distributed systems. Autonomy, Social Ability, Reactivity and Proactiveness are definitive properties of intelligent agents to improve e-government functionalities. The purpose of this paper is to present an agent-based model for e-government. It categorizes the properties of intelligent agents and proposes a framework for improvement of e-government functionalities. Merging agent-oriented methodologies and self-managing can increase reliability in implementation of complex parts of e-government.