مجله علوم پزشکی صدرا
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (زمستان 1402)

Psychological factors might play a role in the onset and exacerbation of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between Alexithymia and Emotional Maturity with the mediation of Attachment Styles among cardiovascular patients in Zanjan, Iran. The present study has a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population of this study encompassed a range of 670 patients with cardiovascular diseases who were referred to the Cardiology Clinic of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan from March and August 2019. The sample size was estimated to be 244 people using Cochran formula. Data collection tools included Hazen and Shaver’s standard adult attachment style questionnaire, Toronto’s ataxia, and Singh and Bhargava questionnaires. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses were done using SPSS 24 software. There was a positive correlation between alexithymia with emotional instability (r=0.14, P<0.01), personality decay (r=0.36, P<0.01), and emotional maturity (r=0.38, P<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that emotional instability (P=0.009), personality decay (P=0.016), and emotional immaturity (P=0.009) significantly predicted secure style. Additionally, difficulty in describing emotions significantly predicted avoidant style (P=0.034). Emotional maturity (P=0.006) and difficulty recognizing emotions (P=0.009) also significantly predicted ambivalent style. Personality traits and emotional alexithymia can be used as indicators for predicting attachment styles and social behaviors, and specifically, lack of emotional stability, personality disintegration, and emotional alexithymia can predict secure and ambivalent styles to some extent. Also, difficulty in describing emotions and emotional immaturity have the ability to predict the avoidant style. These results can help to better understand individual behaviors and design solutions to improve behavior.

Breast cancer, as the most common type of cancer in women, has profound effects on various aspects of patients’ performance; Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on sense of coherence, emotional processing, death anxiety, and body image in breast cancer patients. This research had a pretest-post-test quasi-experimental design with a control group. The research population consisted of breast cancer patients in Isfahan in 2022. From the aforementioned population, 30 patients were selected using purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The pre-test was conducted through the Sense of Cohesion Questionnaire (SOC-29), Emotional Processing Scale (EPS), Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), and the Multidimensional Questionnaire of Individual’s Attitude About Body Image (MBSR); the experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The control group received no intervention. After the intervention, the post-test was administered. The data were analyzed using covariance analysis with SPSS. The findings showed a significant difference between the sense of coherence (E=0.425, P=0.0001), emotional processing (E=0.451, P=0.0001), death anxiety (E=0.422, P=0.0001), and body image (E=0.507, P=0.0001) in the two groups in the post-test. This means that performing mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has increased the scores of coherence sense, emotional processing, and satisfaction from body image and decreased the scores of death anxiety (P>0.05). Mindfullness-based cognitive therapy can be used as an effective intervention to improve the sense of coherence, emotional processing, death anxiety, and body image of breast cancer patients.

Depression is a common disorder in adolescents that has wide cognitive and social consequences. One of the cognitive consequences is mind wandering, which increases the likelihood of risky behaviors by intensifying dysfunctional thoughts. Therefore, it is necessary to provide psychological interventions in this field. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of adolescent-centered mindfulness therapy and emotion regulation training strategies on risky behaviors, mind wandering, and depression in adolescents. This study had a quasi-experimental research design and was performed on depressed female adolescents referred to psychological centers in Isfahan in 2021. Forty-five depressed adolescents were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group received mindfulness therapy and the second experimental group received emotion regulation training for eight 60-minute sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Participants completed the Risk Behaviors Questionnaire (2011), Mind Wandering Scale (MWS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS software. A significant difference was observed between the two experimental and the control groups in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the pre-test. Considering the effect sizes, 14.3% of the difference in risky behaviors, 18.3% of the difference in mind wandering, and 28.3% of the difference in depression are due to adolescent-centered mindfulness therapy and emotion regulation training (P<0.01). No significant difference was observed between the two experimental groups. Adolescent-centered mindfulness treatment and emotion regulation training strategies can play an important role in improving high-risk behaviors, mind wandering, and depressed adolescent symptoms.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a common and chronic disorder with many negative consequences. The most important consequence is the loneliness and isolation of the person; it affects the person’s attachment and conflict resolution methods. The present study investigated the mediating role of conflict resolution styles in the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and couples’ attachment styles. This research had a correlational descriptive design considering the practical purpose and the data collection method. The statistical population consisted of all young couples in Kerman city in 2022, who had been married for a maximum of ten years. The target sample consisted of 240 people who were selected using purposive sampling. The Collins and Read Revised Adult Attachment Scale, Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, and Rahim’s Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling methods were used to analyze the data in SPSS version 21 and Lisrel software version 8/80.  The results of the analysis showed that obsessive-compulsive disorder indirectly and negatively (P≤0.05) affected attachment styles. Attachment styles could predict obsessive-compulsive disorder through conflict resolution styles.

There is limited credible scientific evidence regarding the impact of functional training exercises on improving the shoulder position and performance of tennis players with Scapular Dyskinesia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a functional training program on improving the scapular-brachial rhythm and the performance of elite tennis players with scapular dyskinesia.  thirty top tennis athletes at the national level who were suffering from shoulder dyskinesia were selected purposefully and randomly and divided into two experimental and control groups of fifteen. Before and after 8 weeks of functional exercises, scapular-brachial rhythm and upper limb function were evaluated using an inclinometer and Y test. In the inferential statistics section, the analysis of the covariance test was used to compare the differences between groups, and the correlated t-test was used to compare the differences within groups.  The results of the paired t-test show the effect of functional exercises on the scapular-brachial rhythm at angles of zero degrees (P=0.004), 45 degrees (P<0.001), 90 degrees (P<0.001) and 135 degrees (P<0.001) and also upper limb function (P=0.002) in the experimental group.  Considering the changes observed in the shoulder position of the subjects of the present study, it seems that the changes in the neuromuscular system have occurred, and the results indicate that the implementation of a functional training program, in addition to improving shoulder posture, can be effective in improving the performance of tennis athletes.

Communication skills and stress affect the quality of nursing care. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic and limitations in face-to-face training, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of virtual training of emotional intelligence components on perceived stress and communication skills among nursing students.    

This Experimental study was conducted on 56 nursing students who entered the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were randomly assigned to a control group (n=28) and an intervention group (n=28) with permuted block randomization. The intervention group received emotional intelligence components training using Skype software. Data were collected through a Demographic questionnaire, Cohen’s Perceived Stress questionnaire, and Queendom’s Communication Skills questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (Version 22). 

The results revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean scores of perceived stress and communication skills before the intervention (P>0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the mean scores of perceived stress and communication skills (P<0.05) in both groups one month after the intervention. 

The study indicated that the virtual training of emotional intelligence components reduced the nursing students’ perceived stress and increased their communication skills. These results highlight the importance of emotional intelligence training for nursing students.

Poor reporting during patient handoff from emergency medical technicians to the emergency department can threaten patients’ safety. This study aimed to determine the effect of training on the quality of patient handoff from emergency medical technicians to the emergency department of the surgical emergency center.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Shahid Rajaee Surgical Emergency Center in Shiraz, Iran. The study sample included 80 emergency medical technicians with a mean age of 31.12±6.2 years, who were selected by simple random sampling and divided into two experimental and control groups by permuted block randomization. Data were collected by observing the handoff of three patients by each technician before and after the intervention with a rating scale developed by the researchers. The intervention consisted of a 4-hour training workshop about principles of patient reporting and handoff for emergency medical technicians. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, independent, and paired sample t-tests using SPSS version 20. The significance level was less than 0.05.

After the intervention, the mean score of patient handoff quality in the experimental group (29.94±2.73) compared to before the intervention (24.58±3.38, P<0.001) and compared to the control group (23.94±2.83, P<0.001) was significantly higher.

The findings showed that reporting training to emergency medical technicians can help to improve the quality of their patients’ handoff to emergency departments.

Public health is important in all aspects of life, including personal, social, and professional. Nurses not in good physical and mental condition faced problems in managing their organization. This study aimed to investigate the general health status of nurses in Kerman hospitals. This study had a descriptive-analytical design. The statistical population included all hospital nurses in Kerman; 500 nurses were selected using proportional sampling. The instruments included the Goldberg General Health Scale (GHQ-28) and a demographic and background information questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data using SPSS-24 software.   The mean and standard deviation of nurses’ general health score was 1.25±0.71. Most nurses (77.6%) suffered from some degree of physical and mental problems and, consequently, did not have the necessary general health. Also, male nurses had higher general health than female nurses (P<0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between general health and other variables.  More than half of the nurses suffered from some degree of physical or mental problems and were not in good general health. Therefore, it is suggested that the relevant officials at the Ministry of Health and nurses at the studied hospitals prioritize specific programs and strategies.

The advent of ChatGPT as an artificial intelligence (AI) tool has changed the classroom atmosphere among medical students leading to controversial issues in education, particularly in writing. Although some medical students exhibit strong inclination to use ChatGPT in their writing classes, most professors are still uncertain about the outcome.  This study tries to assess medical students’ attitudes toward using ChatGPT in their academics writing course held in the Fall semester, 2023. An intact class of medical students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) took part in this qualitative research. Two semi structured interviews were conducted at the beginning of the course, prior to the implication of ChatGPT in revising their essay writing, and after completing the course. Braun and Clark thematic analysis was applied to analyze the interview data.  Six main codes were identified about using ChatGPT (i.e., familiarity, speed, vocabulary range, structure, teacher’s role, plagiarism). At first, most students, whether those who were familiar with ChatGPT or those who had only heard of it, agreed with its positive effect. But after using ChatGPT, their opinions about using ChatGPT in class were changed.  This study may provide an insight for educators who are interested in using AI in a learning environment. However, without professors’ management, using ChatGPT in higher education cannot enhance students’ writing skill efficiently. To this end, both students and their professors should increase their language knowledge and general knowledge to use it in the best and most effective way in education.

The family is the first social unit with many complexities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of family structure and functions on the intergenerational behavior in families in Aliguderz using the theories of Bourdieu, Mannheim, and Shelsky.

The research method was a survey, and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research was all individuals over 18 in the city of Aliguderz. Three hundred and seventy-six people were selected as a sample using Cochran’s sampling with a simple random method. Cronbach’s alpha method was used to determine reliability, and the questionnaire has content validity. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation test were used to check the hypotheses using SPSS-21 software.

Elderly individuals have more family functions. The variables of family functions, adherence to cultural values, family crisis management, and kinship relations are different among different generations. A relationship was observed between the variables of adherence to cultural values, family crisis management, family cohesion, and the variable of family functions. With the increase of these variables, the amount of family functions (including the emotional functions of the family and problem-solving and conflict-resolution functions) also increases.

Considering the differences in different generations in the power structure and family functions in the city of Aliguderz, it is necessary to pay attention to the factors affecting the family functions to improve the current situation by policymakers.

One of the crises that has plagued human society recently is the crisis caused by the coronavirus disease. The spread of this virus first affected China’s economy and then caused major financial crises and uncertainty among shareholders. One of the most important ways to protect the interests of shareholders is corporate governance, which increases the company’s value in the long run. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the impact of the Corona crisis on the relationship between corporate governance and stock performance. The current study is descriptive research, and the data of 150 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2022 was used as a sample. Regression analysis and correlation coefficient were used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The findings of the research at a 95% confidence level showed that the coronavirus crisis moderates the relationship between the components of corporate governance, the independence of the board of directors, and institutional investors with stock performance, whereas it does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between some other components of corporate governance, such as the size of the board of directors and dual duties of the CEO with stock performance. By increasing some corporate governance mechanisms, such as the board of directors’ independence and institutional ownership, the negative impact of the Corona epidemic on stock performance may decrease.

Health systems have obtained valuable experience in dealing with various epidemics. The present study, by systematically reviewing the successful experiences of countries, presents a model for a coordinated response to pandemics by various actors in the primary healthcare system. 

Thirty-eight articles were obtained from Magiran, SID, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases after applying the search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, time-bound of 2005 to 2022, and quality assessment by Strobe checklist. The articles were assessed in terms of title, abstract, and text, and after removing duplicate and irrelevant ones, the final articles were selected.

This study assumed the PHC system as a leafy tree, which requires 25 background factors to strengthen its roots. Three groups of health policymakers, healthcare providers, and society must carry out the necessary measures in a coordinated and synergistic program in the four phases of crisis management, including prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery.

Strengthening PHC in prevention, screening, testing, and outpatient treatment and mobilizing the community to take care of itself are the most successful experiences dealing with epidemics compared to treating patients in hospitals and spending significant financial and life costs.