فهرست مطالب mahsa behnam

In the world of contemporary architecture and urban planning, the interaction of architecture with culture, identity, and history of a region is an important subject of study. Kish Island, as one of the prominent tourist destinations in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East, possesses a remarkable and diverse culture that has gained attention in recent decades. Through the interplay of economic growth, environmental conservation, and nature preservation, the island can highlight the issues of culture and identity in the Persian Gulf region. This research focuses on examining the cultural and identity components in indigenous architecture on Kish Island and the relationship between indigenous architecture, culture, and the natural environment.

The research methodology is descriptive-analytical, where the descriptive part is based on library studies, and the analytical part is conducted field-wise on Kish Island, relying on the outputs of theoretical foundations.

The research findings indicate that the indigenous architecture of Kish Island is significantly influenced by the climatic, social, and cultural conditions of the region. The use of local materials, specific designs for natural ventilation, and the incorporation of traditional forms are among the prominent features of Kish's indigenous architecture. Additionally, cultural elements such as decorative motifs, natural colors, and traditional patterns can be observed in the buildings.

Recognizing and preserving the cultural and identity components in Kish's indigenous architecture can contribute to sustainable development and the preservation of the region's cultural identity. Incorporating these components into contemporary designs not only enhances the beauty and functionality of the buildings but also strengthens the sense of belonging and indigenous identity among the residents. This research can serve as a model for other regions with distinctive indigenous architecture

History of past earthquakes and the destruction caused by them show that irregular structures have the vulnerability potential more than other structures. Reinforced concrete (RC) walls are commonly used as the primary lateral-force-resisting system for tall buildings, although for buildings over 49 m (160 ft), IBC 2006 requires use of a dual system. Use of nonlinear response history analysis (NRHA) coupled with peer-review has become a common way to assess the expected performance of tall buildings at various hazard levels to avoid the use of a backup Special Moment Frame for tall buildings employing structural walls. Modeling of the load versus deformation behavior of reinforced concrete walls and coupling beams is essential to accurately predict important response quantities for NRHA. The design of tall buildings essentially involves a conceptual design, approximate analysis, preliminary design and optimization, to safely carry gravity and lateral loads. New developments of tall buildings of ever-growing heights have been continuously taking place worldwide. Consequently, many innovations in structural systems have merged. The design criteria are strength, serviceability, stability and human comfort. The strength is satisfied by limit stresses, while serviceability is satisfied by drift limits in the range of H/500 to H/1000. Stability is satisfied by sufficient factor of safety against buckling and P-Delta effects. The factor of safety is around 1.67 to 1.92. The human comfort aspects are satisfied by accelerations in the range of 10 to 25 milli-g, where g=acceleration due to gravity. The aim of the structural engineer is to arrive at suitable structural schemes, to satisfy these criteria, and assess their structural weights in weight/unit area in square feet or square meters. This initiates structural drawings and specifications to enable construction engineers to proceed with fabrication and erection operations. The weight of steel is often a parameter the architects and construction managers are looking for from the structural engineer. This includes the weights of floor system, girders, braces and columns. The premium for wind is optimized to yield drifts in the range of H/500, where H is the height of the tall building. In this paper, the seismic behavior of steel frames with reinforced concrete core in the duplex and common high rise building are investigated. In this research, linear analysis under 3 kind of earthquake loading (equivalent static, spectral dynamic and dynamic time history) and wind load on structures with 20, 40 and 60 stories have been accomplished and different parameters, such as structure’s base shear and effect of increasing height on seismic behavior have been discussed. Based on results, making structures duplex, causes changes in modal shapes and mass participation percentage of modes. For this reason, there is no change in linear static methods and wind load of common structures and duplex structures response but it has seen changes in structure’s response for 12 far and near earthquake records. In some earthquakes, base shear has been increased maximum 32 percent of common structure’s base shear and also there is no change in base shear in some of them. In some structures, base shear has been decreased maximum 16 percent of common structure’s base shear.

Dermatophytes are a group of fungi specialized in invading humans and other vertebrate keratinized tissues. These fungi cause a variety of skin, nail, and hair disorders, called dermatophytosis (tinea). In some cases, drug resistance to antifungals necessitates special treatment. Among the antifungal agents, sertaconazole (i.e., a third-generation imidazole) has a broad-spectrum against dermatophyte species. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes obtained from patients with dermatophytosis in Mashhad located in northeastern Iran.

A total of 75 clinical dermatophyte isolates, including Trichophyton mentagrophytes (n=21), T. interdigital (n=18), T. tonsurans (n=16), Epidermophyton floccosum (n=11), Microsporum canis (n=5), Nannizzia fulvum (n=2), T. benhamiae (n=1), and T. verrucosum (n=1), were evaluated against five antifungal agents of sertaconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin based on the CLSI M38-A2 guideline.

According to the results, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges of sertaconazole, terbinafine, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and clotrimazole were estimated at 0.125-16, 0.002-1, 0.5-4, 0.031-4, and 0.016-4 μg/ml, respectively, for dermatophyte species. In addition, the geometric mean (GM) values of the MIC of sertaconazole, terbinafine, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and clotrimazole were obtained as 3.39, 1, 1.44, 1.52, and 1.93, respectively.

Among the tested antifungals, terbinafine and griseofulvin were the most effective agents against dermatophyte isolates. However, sertaconazole, a third-generation imidazole, did not show any significant effect. Furthermore, M. canis and E. floccosum showed the best response to the antifungal agents.