manochehr manteghi

With the research on the country's mega projects, one of the main failure factors in their project management can be sought. Modern aircraft design and construction projects are complex projects known as megaprojects. This research presents a model for managing complex megaprojects in this industry.

This research is a type of combined research (qualitative-quantitative), and for this purpose, while interviewing aviation experts, the features of aerial mega projects are identified and coded by MAXQDA2020 software, and then the indicators identified in a questionnaire from experts related to the project. Using SMARTPLS3 software, classification and ranking of components and indicators were performed.

In this regard, the designed model has two dimensions, features and management of the megaproject, and 10 main components and 40 indicators were classified and ranked. Finally, the most crucial main component was strategy management.Originality/Value: In this study, considering the importance of aerial projects and the fact that the country has moved towards the design and construction of native birds and several projects in this field have been defined and completed, the characteristics of complex mega projects in the aircraft design and construction industry are determined, and has designed an appropriate model for evaluating the management of complex megaprojects in the aircraft design and construction industry for the first time.

With industrial revolutions, there have been fundamental changes in technology and production patterns. The introduction of automation processes, electronics and information technology in the transformations of machine and manual work led to the fourth industrial revolution. This development, which is referred to as the fourth industrial revolution, has led to the emergence of concepts such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide a model of the effect of the technologies of the fourth industrial revolution in the Iranian automobile industry. In terms of the environment, the current research is of the library and field type. Based on the applicability of the results, the current research is applied. Also, according to the subject, the nature of the current research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research is made up of deputies and managers of the automobile industry. For the validity of the questionnaire, face validity was used, and for reliability, the shared and composite reliability coefficient was used. For data analysis, using SPSS and Expert Choice software, correlation coefficient, hierarchical analysis and sample t-test were used. The findings of the AHP hierarchical analysis method test show the importance of the components of the technologies of the fourth industrial revolution in the automobile industry. It ranks third with 0.157, institutional environment ranks fourth with 0.145, government policies rank fifth with 0.120, market weighs 0.117 ranks sixth, and finally cultural factors rank seventh with 0.102. Paying attention to the basic indicators of the importance of the technologies of the fourth industrial revolution in the automobile industry will help this industry move better than before in the direction of predetermined goals.

Technological catch-up is an important and key component of the development process of countries that are behind the leading countries in the world in terms of technology and economy. Subsequent countries can enter the global competitive environment from the opportunities created by the emergence of new technologies. The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors affecting the catch-up process in the Iranian banking software industry and to investigate their effectiveness and prioritization. The research method used is a mixed method that in the qualitative part of the content analysis and in the quantitative part of the confirmatory factor analysis has been used. In this regard, the main influential factors were identified using the thematic analysis method and semi-structured interviews, and 55 themes were identified which were classified in the theme network. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the effectiveness of all identified factors was confirmed. Among the effective factors at the enterprise level, appropriate security platforms, among the effective factors at the industry level, increase interaction and communication with users and regular customers, and among the effective factors at the national level, the interaction and communication factor for producing, disseminating and using knowledge. New ones have the highest impact.

The use of ecosystem metaphor in different branches of management, business, innovation and entrepreneurship, are growing increasingly. The evolution property of ecosystems has highlighted. The aim of this study is to identify the stages of the evolution of business ecosystems. The major of previous studies about ecosystem’s evolution are based on case studies and affected by context. Then they are not generalizable. In this study we present a comprehensive model for evolution stages of industrial business ecosystems by qualitative Meta synthesis approach. 16 studies are identified by literature review that they were about evolution stages. Then 105 codes were extracted and translated in 19 conceptions and a 4 stages model was presented. This model, by highlighting the value chain and industrial platforms, is a good model for industrial business ecosystems. Also industrial researchers can use it to design a pattern for a special industrial ecosystem, or they can use it for studying and evaluating of the existent industrial ecosystems.

Assessing technological capability is one of the prerequisites for designing technology development strategies and policies. Therefore, this article aims to evaluate the technological capability of biopharmaceutical companies in Iran using the Technological Capability Audit Tool (TCAT). For this purpose, the TCAT questionnaire is used and sent to 18 companies. The results of the analysis of the questionnaires showe that Iranian biopharmaceutical companies are in the "strategic" stage of 4 levels of technological capability. The results also showe that among the 9 dimensions of capability, companies are in a good position in terms of "awareness" dimension, and the most important obstacle in moving towards creative capability is their weakness in networking and using the capacity of other companies and external institutions to improve production capacity and develop technological capability. In addition, the weakness of domestic firms in cooperating with each other is due to the weaknesses of the culture of cooperation, the lack of a proper intellectual property system and also the problems in the country's trade law that make it difficult for firms to merge and acquire (M&A).

In traditional and paper banking, due to the fact that people were provided with a paper, and touched paper, the trust element was built. But nowadays, with the presence of electronic banking, on the one hand, the Iranian society is not yet accustomed to it, and on the other hand, uncertainties about economic factors have caused bank customers to feel hesitant about investing. Uncertainty in the economy is one of the most important factors in the outflow of capital from banks and the loss of customer trust. The benefits of e-banking can be considered from two aspects: customers and financial institutions. From customers' point of view, we can mention cost savings, time savings and access to multiple channels for banking operations. From the perspective of financial institutions, we can name features such as creating and increasing the reputation of banks in providing innovation, retaining customers despite the spatial changes of banks, creating the premise to seek new customers in target markets, expanding the geographical scope of activities and establishing full competition situation. To compete more effectively in the world's competitive markets, banks need to have a better understanding of customers and the market. The banking industry in the world has undergone many changes in the way it operates. Leading banks use data mining tools to segment customers, validate customers to approve and grant banking facilities, anticipate debt default, marketing affairs, and identify fraudulent patterns. In this article, while referring to the discussion of uncertainty and its impact on customers, data mining techniques are expressed as a competitive advantage in customer satisfaction with electronic banking and banking services.

This is an exploratory research with the aim of identifying and explaining the functions of standards in the innovation process of a multi-purpose helicopter. Accordingly, through the case study of a product in the aviation industry with a strict regulatory framework and, the necessity of applying compulsory and voluntary standards, as well as by using the method of thematic analysis and thematic network tools, the function of Various types of standards are explained in the product innovation process. Research data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews with ten experts and specialists at different stages of the helicopter life cycle, literature review and archival data. Based on the research findings, the function and effects of standards in the helicopter innovation process were identified by 10 organizing themes and 57 basic themes. Organizing themes (function of standards) in this research include information, efficiency, technology transfer, technological capability building, complexity and uncertainty management, measurement, compatibility, quality/safety, organization and variety reduction. The results in addition to revealing new aspects of the interplay between standards and innovation in the product development and innovation process, also have important implications for innovation management, especially in follower/latecomer firms.

The purpose of this study is to design the paradigmatic model of cooperation model between knowledge base organization and automobile value chain by focusing on supply chain and new product development and areas explanation the related strategies. The approach of this study is qualitative and is derived from the grounded theory.
 The results of the data analysis in the model has been organized according to the policy making approach in three dimensional model with regard to the interconnectedness of auto makers in all stakeholders environment. Identify trends the in the new generation of new cars in the area of medium and high technology, reviewing the internalization depth based on 1404 plan for knowledge base companies needs definition in policy point of view, knowledge based organization units creation in design and development centers … in structural point of view, in the infrastructure view, knowledge networking creation in national industry, sanction defensive plan explanation are as the guidance strategy for this field.

This study is a historical narrative focusing on a specific period between the early 1970s to the present day in the automotive parts industry of Iran. During this period, there have been changes in this industry which can be marked as changing contexts and texts. The development of the auto parts industry in this period is an example of the processes of development in Iranian industries, which, regardless of its intended and unintended consequences, requires a real analysis to provide a basis for common understanding. This research seeks to answer the question of what narrative of industrial development in the automotive parts industry of Iran can be yielded and what are the lessons learned from this narrative. To this purpose, by conducting an exploratory study, we seek to provide a narrative of the evolution and development of this industry. The basic evolutionary trends of the automotive parts industry have been extracted through in-depth interviews. In the final analysis, it was argued that cognition of social reality, regardless of political views, provides a deeper and more comprehensive understanding and acts as a barrier to descriptions derived from the short-term and everyday perspectives that are discontinuous in social terms. The scourge of this kind of look is like an ax to the root and ignores the vast efforts in this industry. Accordingly, an alternative discourse has been proposed to describe the industry as it is, in order to be a stimulus for re-growth of this industry.

Abstract In complex product and systems development strategies, technological catch-up is one of the most important strategies to reduce the technological gap between latecomer countries and technology leaders, in which latecomer countries can reduce their distance from the leaders by imitation, leap and investment. In the last decade, this strategy has been considered by many researchers, but studies show that many of these experiments have failed due to the lack of attention to all the components that affect the technology ecosystem. Due to the complexity of the economic environment, uncertainties and environmental changes, the actions of the factors affecting the ecosystem are different and it is necessary to consider the effect of these factors on the catch-up process. The results of this study show that the occurrence of successful technological catch-up in complex products and systems, requires the development of technological capabilities, adaptation of governance policies at the national level and proper use of the country's comparative advantages. In this research, focusing on technological capabilities and reviewing the literature and field research, using the combined research method, the factors affecting technological catch-up have been identified, analyzed and prioritized. Findings show key factors including technical and infrastructural capabilities, global value chain integration, governance, technological regimes, social capital, accumulation of wealth and financial resources, physical resources and geographical, economic sanctions, market factors and components, and institutionalization ,they are effective in the occurrence of technological catch-up in the Iranian petrochemical industry.

The aviation industry is considered as a critical strategic industry in complex product systems for the national economy and security. The main purpose of this paper is the institutional analysis of the actors’ roles in the implementation process of two national technology megaprojects in Iran aviation industry. By examining the backgrounds and experiences of late comer countries in megaprojects of designing and developing products, a framework of actors and their measures in each stage of these megaprojects has been presented. The present study strategy is dual case study, its orientation is applied, its purpose is descriptive and its approach is qualitative. The primary data gathering tool is interviews with 14 experienced experts who were involved in two studied megaprojects in the field of aviation which was conducted in the second half of 2019. In order to collect secondary data, the whole available documents and evidence regarding to Iran aviation industry, and especially the two studied megaprojects have been used. The method of data analysis is through content analysis and axial coding. According to the findings of this study, national technology megaprojects are complex and multi-stage processes. Therefore, their implementations require cooperation and coordination among an extensive network of different institutions such as public and private sectors, universities and research centers. The results of this research could be used by policy makers and responsible institutions for better planning and effective management of national megaprojects in the field of aviation.

Due to the different pattern of evolution of complex product systems in comparison with conventional innovation models, this paper examines the evolution of innovation in complex product systems in Iran's aviation industry using the concept of life cycle model in systems engineering. In this paper, a model for identifying and analyzing innovation stages in CoPS is developed with a focus on revealing the interaction of reverse and forward engineering. For this purpose, first, by reviewing the literature and life cycle models in CoPS, a conceptual framework was developed. Then, by chronological multiple case study of three CoPS in the aviation industry, a life cycle-based innovation process model in CoPS was developed. This model includes following stages: reverse engineering and design recovery (including data evaluation and analysis, technical data package generation, design verification, technical data package completion and design implementation), concept, development, production, operation, support and retirement. Our findings show several salient features of innovation process in CoPS in Iran's aviation industry as follows. This model is a complex system of processes which are concurrent, iterative, recursive and interdependent. During the product innovation process, reverse and forward engineering interact with each other. Also, this model provides a systematic and pragmatic framework for better management of the innovation process in complex product systems that are designed and produced based on ideas and technical data obtained from reverse engineering in intraction with forward engineering (direct design).

Technological learning constitutes a main pivot in the technological enabling in industries and sectors of different countries like defense sector. As a part of this, maritime industries are one the most important sectors in the defense where strengthening and equipping them leads to enhancing the level of defense authority of the country. The present article seeks to conduct a comparative study of the progress trend of the shipbuilding industries of Japan, South Korea and China as pioneer countries, and those of Turkey and Brazil as developing countries, compare the findings with the industry under study inside the country, and finally provide a model of technological learning in the maritime industries of the defense sector. The approach in the present research is qualitative using case study method as the research strategy. The data were collected through conducting 13 deep and semi-structured interviews with specialists of maritime industries in defence. The findings of the research indicate that the maritime industries of the defence sector have the needed capability to develop and design the required equipments in a completely indigenous manner. On the other hand, considering the conditions that govern the country and the defence industries, learning is mostly informal, and the maritime industries will have the potentiality to move along the borders of science in case an infrastructure is developed for formal learning. Anyway, it can be said that despite remarkable advancements in recent years, it is necessary to have an integrated, codified and updated plan in line with the increasing development of the maritime industries of the defence sector.

This study seeks to identify intra-firm capability infrastructures by examining the historical trends of countries: Canada, Brazil, China, and Japan. As we look at the historical trajectory of aircraft technology acquisition in these countries and their entry into this complex field, it is clear that each of these countries first reached a threshold level of capability. In other words, they created the development capacity in their country. It was necessary to develop the capacity to build capability infrastructures. By examining the historical course of capability building in these countries and comparing them with Iran''''s capabilities in this area and analyzing them, Iran''''s technology gap with the target countries was identified. And finally, by aligning and comparing the historical trends of these countries, the necessary infrastructure at the enterprise level has been formulated as a prelude to technology catching up. It should be noted that the spectrum capability infrastructures are an extended spectrum, but we focused on firm-level capabilities in this spectrum, and filling them all is beyond the capacity of a single paper.

Constantly responding to the diverse needs of the Armed Forces' air and space sectors requires the continuation and development of innovative defense business. This has led executives to strive for organizational innovation to optimize or produce new military products.The purpose of the research is“presentation of cofaced organizational and technological innovation theory based on the interaction of innovation practitioners”to answer, weak sustain and interaction of innovation trustees for systematic continuation of  innovative business in large defensive industrial organizations with air and missile products so that between 1394 and 1398, using "Systematic Grounded Theory" method for related purpose. The data from this study was conducted through Semi structured interviews with 19 live-experienced experts in the organizations. To collect data, interviews were conducted on the basis of a purposive sampling method with senior vice president, research and innovation deputies and the deputies of plan, program and budget. Then, using the snowball sampling method and other participants were selected and more data were collected. The results of the data analysis during: open, axial and selective coding, resulted in the form of 12 categories based on the paradigm model including: extent of changes, diversity of needs, expectations of defensive stakeholders, organizational learning, national and international capacities, complexity of environmental factors, capabilities and limitations of defensive organizations, continuity and excellency of innovative business, promoting nontechnological innovations and development technological defense innovation, improving the defense economy and increase deterrence power and by writing the relevant story linehistorical narretive, finally cofaced innovation theory and 12 related hypotheses were constructed. Also their application can provide a better understanding and improvement of the common literature of defense stakeholders.

Scientific development is the prerequisite for economic development in developing countries and is fulfilled through the catch-up process. It is a process in which a late-developed country, in attempt to reduce its income gap or increasing technological capabilities, attempts to lessen the technological gap with developed countries in different aspects, such as defense section and military organizations. In this path, the goal of this study is to conceptualize the technological catch-up processing in the defense maritime defense sector. Regarding the objective, this research is exploratory and qualitative. The data were obtained through interview with academic experts and the content analysis was performed using MXQDA software. The findings show that, considering the technological catch-up concept, nine main factors are ‘learning’, ‘knowledge base’, ‘systems and innovation network’, ‘technological regime’, ‘institutional regime’, ‘market regime’, ‘explanation and implementation of local development model’, ‘governmental supportive mechanisms’, and ‘human resource’.

Many scholars have highlighted the role of government policies in the formation and evolution of complex product systems (CoPS) industries. On the other hand, Iran has made plenty of effort to acquire knowledge, skills, and technologies of manufacturing gas turbines as a CoPS industry and consequently it has achieved favorable and remarkable outcomes. Gas turbine industry is one of the strategic industries that incorporate technologies and products used in a wide range of industries such as energy, oil and gas, and defense. This paper aims at investigating the effects of variety and dynamism of government policies on the formation and evolution of this industry in Iran, through employing a qualitative approach and case study strategy. The data were collected through interviews with industry and policy experts, documents and observation. Research findings indicate that government have created a proper condition for the formation and evolution of this industry in Iran via acting as leader and coordinator, investor and financer, client and operator and enabler and facilitator and adopting appropriate policies for each role. The innovation of this research is to examine the diversity and dynamism of government policies affecting the formation and development of a strategic industry with complex products and systems in Iran, under certain conditions, including international sanctions.

The aircraft system and its sub-systems, including the engine, are components of complex product systems that highly costly and technology-intensive. The purpose of this research is to provide a general model for explaining the factors affecting the Technological catch up of turbofan engines in Iran - as a complex product system- based on benchmarking the global experiences in this field. The research method in this study is qualitative Meta Synthesis. It was used the library method to collect the data, the Seventh-Step Process of Sandlouki and Barus Meta Synthesis approach to analyze the data and the Panel of Experts to validate and finalize the findings. The research population of the study includes all articles related to the topic of research. To do this, after designing research questions, a systematic search based on the related keywords - technology catch up, complex product systems, commercial turbofan engines – has been done Among the articles published between 1370 and 1397 on scientific databases such as Scopus, SIDs, IRANDOCs, ISCs, IEEEs, Science Direct, and also with the help of the Elmnet and Google scholar search engines. By reviewing 31 articles from 172 primary articles, researchers identified 11 dimensions and 92 components as key factors affecting the technological catch up of commercial turbofan engines. Based on these factors, a comprehensive framework for the technological catch up of turbofan engines in Iran has been presented and validated.

The main purpose of this paper is to draw on the model of caching up in aviation industry with emphasis on passenger aircraft by using the experiences of late comer countries and considering the capabilities of the Islamic Republic of Iran, to present pattern and identify the strategies and measures needed in this direction. This is done by comparative exploration in aviation industry of countries such as China, Japan, Canada and Brazil, where the timeframe of their aviation development plans is nearer. The method of present study is qualitative and its strategy is multiple case study. In this research we are looking for methods of caching up the technology of the late comer in aviation industry. At first, historical of the aviation industry has been studied with a focus on the last 24 years. In this review, high citation paper even if related to older times, have been considered. we selected the countries such as Canada, Brazil, China and Japan, that are the owner of company such as Bombardier, Embraer in Canada and Brazil respectively, and aircraft models C919 and ARJ21 in China and the MRJ21 in Japan. By reviewing their capabilities actions of the China, Japan, Canada and Brazil obtained and compared with IRAN’S capabilities, Iran’s technology gap has been identified, and based on this, in catching up of technology based on three important factors: i) Indigenous R&D; ii) Export oriented and iii) Capability and capacity making, and the alignment pattern by emphasizing on part manufacturing and industrial offset with emphasizing on privatization and project implementation in six stages, are issued. After reviewing their historical development, the capability actions of the selected countries are obtained and compared with IRAN’S capabilities, and coming in the table 3 to 7. Iran’s technology gap has been identified in this area, and on this basis strategic implications in this area have been identified and present a pattern.

Each sectoral system of innovation consists of its particular knowledge base and technology, institutions and policies and market structure. In addition, these components evolve and have co-evolution with each other based on specific patterns. Analyzing evolution and co-evolution sectoral systems of innovation especially in developing countries can lead to rewarding implications for both policy and management. Therefore, this paper aims at investigating the evolution and co-evolution of Iran’s gas turbine sectoral system of innovation by employing a qualitative approach and case study strategy. This research found that, existence of large local demand and market in different industrial sectors can be account as appropriate opportunity for local firms to acquire necessary technological capabilities, if policymakers look at this situation as a good opportunities to design and implement intelligent policies in terms of public procurements, investing in R&D and developing infrastructures and facilitating collaboration with foreign companies in order to accelerate accumulation of technological capabilities in domestic firms.

During last decades the subject of complex product systems (CoPS) in latecomer countries has been remarkably considered by many scholars. However, investigation of technological learning and catching up in these industries from windows of opportunity perspective has been overlooked. Even, those studies that employed windows of opportunity perspective to explain phenomena like catch-up cycles, didn’t distinguish between complex product systems and mass produced consuming goods. So, this paper intends to investigate windows of opportunity in Iran’s gas turbine industry, through applying qualitative approach and case study strategy as a complex product system. Moreover, this paper aim at shedding light on similarities and differences of these two categories of industry through comparing Iran’s gas turbine industry with five selected industries. Our findings show that the sequence of windows of opportunity in Iran’s gas turbine is as follow: domestic market window, policy window, technological learning instead of technology window and global market window. Some parts of our findings can be explained by considering specific technological and market regimes of complex product systems industries.

The effectiveness of technology transfer is defined as fulfillment level of organization goals. Organizational culture, which affects from national culture, can underlie the success or failure of the technology transfer process. For this purpose, this study examined national and organizational role in technology transfer effectiveness. Accordingly, in order to validate the model, managers and experts in technology-oriented companies that have related experience in international technology transfer, determined as statistical population. 89 managers and experts in various fields of technology transfer were analyzed as the study samples. Findings of the hypothesis reflect national and organizational culture role in technology transfer (to determine the success and failure). Results also showed that organizational culture has mediating role in relationship between national culture and technology transfer effectiveness.