maryam ebn torab

The discussion is about the fetus' right to life, and since the right to life in Islam is considered a special right for all human beings, regardless of development stage, age and other conditions, as a primary and fundamental human right, it is preferred over other rights.The fetus' right to life does not have any place, and as a general ruling, and abortion is not allowed except in rare cases that require conflict, urgency or hardship.The findings of the research show that although it is difficult to determine a specific criterion about it, but the results and achievements of study of the works of experts and the collected information and their criticism indicate that in the cases of the permission of abortion from the point of view of the five religions, two criteria can be introduced. The first criterion is the definition of the fetus in relation to the stages of its development, which is a matter of dispute between the jurists of different religions and is effective in the primary ruling; the second criterion is based on the foundations of the secondary rulings, which itself is divided into two types of conflict between the fetus' rights and the mother's rights, which is mostly agreed upon by the jurists, and the second type is titles such as distress and constriction, which, based on the differences of opinion of the jurists on the issue of the jurisdiction of the rule, lead to more differences of opinion.

Gender discrimination is one of the challenges of family law that despite the development of internal and external regulations, we have failed to resolve and justify non-discrimination in gender in Islamic law. In Islamic jurisprudence, citizenship rights and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Finally, we will explain the differences between Islamic jurisprudence and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Through our studies, we found that the nature of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination is to establish complete similarities between men and women, regardless of their gender and different from Islamic jurisprudence. Findings in this article show that in Islamic jurisprudence, the position of the family and its high status have been given more attention according to the principles of justice, wisdom, nature and expediency. Although these two important issues are similar in many cases, but the need to resolve the differences between the relevant convention of Islamic jurisprudence in family law is to change the principles and attitudes of the two, which does not seem to be achievable.

The constitution is the national document and the mother law in any country that reflects the ideology of that country. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, due to the uprising of the people to achieve an Islamic system and salvation from the arrogant domination of the world, also the unique popular vote for such a system and constitution causes it to have high popular support and at the same time because The fact that the principles contained in the constitution are derived from the rules and laws of Islam, adherence to it is also a religious requirement. By carefully examining the articles of the constitution, one can obtain the general principles of foreign policy and answer many social issues in the field of foreign policy.This research has been carried out with the aim of explaining the framework of foreign policy principles derived from the Constitution and emphasizing its implementation by the authorities, which is the result of extracting the mentioned articles from the Constitution; Peace in international relations is the complete rejection of colonialism and the eradication of any tyranny and the denial of any domination and domination, support for the right-wing struggle of the oppressed against the arrogant to ensure human well-being in all human society and maintain its independence and freedom in the shadow of dignity and justice. And in this way, it saves human beings from the tyranny of tyrannical rule of gold and force, so the implementation of such laws that have been approved according to Islamic rules by the officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran will lead to the creation of global justice.

The issue of economics and earning money is one of the most important issues in the world today, as it is one of the most powerful weapons in the Cold War. Although trade has been common among human beings since ancient times, but at any time, based on how the relations between people in society and progress in various scientific fields, has taken on a new face. For example, e-commerce is a new form of it in today's society. One of the issues in Islamic societies is the adaptation of day-to-day business practices to the rules of the holy sharia of Islam, and the answer to the question: Is it lawful to earn money in emerging ways? The present study aims to express the characteristics of legitimate business, in order to distinguish legitimate businesses from others. Examining the jurisprudential and legal books, these results were obtained: First, it respects private property according to the rule of Islamic domination, and every owner has the right to seize his property, except in cases where it has been prohibited for a reason. Another is that the purpose of the legal teachings of Islam about trade is not to express a specific type of trade and income among Muslims, but the characteristics of legitimacy are mentioned as conditions for the parties to the contract and the contract, to avoid possible differences and losses. The Islamic community should be prevented, so indefinite contracts have also been accepted. Also, the permissible conditions that the parties to the contract want. On the other hand, adherence to obligations and contracts is an inalienable principle of Islamic law, and contracts can be terminated only in special circumstances and based on the wishes of the parties or based on the protection of individual and social interests.