maryam hatami

Normalisation is one of the universals of translation in which the translator, through the use of special creative processes such as applying criteria, appropriate idioms, completing sentences, replacing simple phrases with complex structures, increasing the meaning of words or changing them according to the meaning, makes the translated language normal and natural. According to Baker, this solution tends to highlight the features of the target language and follows its conventional and common patterns. In this study, based on Mona Baker's pattern and using a descriptive-analytical method, the types of normalisations in Reza Amery's translation of Season of Migration to the North and the extent of his stylistic creativity in presenting a readable translation of the novel were evaluated and measured. The results of the study show that the translator, through normalisation, has made the target text closer to the semantic horizon of the Persian-speaking reader, making the text readable and presenting a translation with personal characteristics and reader-oriented style by providing natural vocabulary, syntax, and style.

Minerals play important role from initial stages in life of mammals. Iron-amino acid chelate has been used as an oral supplement in animal feed. Based on the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of milk supplemented with organic iron on performance, blood parameters, iron metabolism parameters, biochemical and immunological parameters in suckling lambs.

Thirty-six newborn Dalagh lambs (birth weight, 3.8 ± 0.4 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 12 repetitions. The lambs in control group were fed with milk without organic iron. The other groups were fed with 25 and 50 mg/kg organic iron in milk for 45 days, respectively. The lambs were weighed every 15 days. The amount of feed intake was recorded daily. Lamb feces were collected daily for diarrhea status. Finally, blood samples were taken from the cervical vein of lambs on day 45 to evaluation of blood metabolites.

The results were as follows: In the entire experimental period and from 15 to 30 and 31 to 45 days of age, daily weight and total body weight increased in the groups treated with organic iron compared to the control group (p< 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the number of diarrhea patients and the number of diarrhea days in the patients receiving organic iron (p< 0.05). Organic iron supplementation in suckling lambs showed a significant increase in plasma iron concentration and a significant decrease in plasma copper concentration (p< 0.05). Concentrations of other minerals (calcium, phosphorus and zinc) were not affected by organic iron supplementation in suckling lambs. Also, administration of iron to suckling lambs had no effect on the concentration of blood metabolites (cholesterol, glucose, triglyceride, urea, total protein, albumin and globulin) among the experimental groups.

The results of this study showed that the use of organic iron supplementation improves performance, health and biochemical parameters in suckling lambs.

Malignant hyperthermia is a rare and fatal disorder. A 16-year-old male patient was a candidate for rhinoplasty surgery with no history of disease and previous surgery, negative family history and no history of medication use in the operating room. Maintenance of anesthesia was performed with O2, NO2 (50% -50%) and MAC isoflurane 1. Gradually, from the 80th minute after the start of the operation, the patient had a tachycardia and the SPO2 began to decrease, reaching 93%, and the ETCO2 increased. While the tachycardia was still present, the patient's temperature rose to 38.5 ° C with a tympanic thermometer. The isoflurane was stopped immediately. Hyperventilation began and Dantrolen was administered at a dose of 2.5 mg / kg. Cooling of the patient began with cold saline infusion and ice gavage and bladder lavage with ice and cooling of the body surface. During this time, the patient's rhythm changed to V.Tack, followed by V.Fib, and finally cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was performed. At 110 minutes after the surgery, the patient's rhythm returned to V.Tak and V.fib, and cardiac arrest occurred, and resuscitation was performed. After 10 minutes, a pulse was established. The patient was transferred to the ICU. About 6 hours after entering the ICU, the patient had cardiac arrest and CPR did not respond and the patient died. According to the results of the above study, the most important point is suspecting the occurrence of this syndrome and also the immediate start of treatment immediately after the onset of symptoms.

Catalases are a good scavenger of H2O2 which degrades hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. They are considered as a virulence factor that are present in both spores and hypha of fungi. There is limited data regarding catalase activity in Aspergillus species. This study aimed to assess the mycelial catalase activity of clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus niger, A. tubingensis, A. flavus, A. luchuensis, A. piperis and A. terreus.

Briefly, clinical and environmental Aspergillus species were used in the current study. Catalase activity was assessed for both groups of isolates including 13 A. flavus (12 clinical, 1 environmental), 13 A. terreus (8 clinical, 5 environmental), 26 A. tubingensis (13 clinical, 13 environmental), and 44 A. niger (25 environmental, 19 clinical) species. Fungal balls of mycelia were separated from the liquid culture and were crushed using homogenizer. The supernatants were collected and used for a catalase activity assay.

Totally, in our study 98 Aspergillus including 45 environmental and 53 clinical isolates were assessed for catalase activity. High catalase activity was detected among environmental Aspergillus species (Mean= 1.62 mU/ml) and the mean of mycelial catalase activity among clinical A. terreus isolates was higher than environmental strains.

In summary, mycelial catalase activity varied among species and environmental isolates demonstrated higher catalase activity. Totally a significant difference was found between clinical and environmental Aspergillus isolates.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative administration of duloxetine on postoperative pain after laparoscopic myomectomy. In this double-blind clinical trial study, 57 patients aged 18-55 years with ASA I or II undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy involved. The case group received oral duloxetine 60 mg, and the control group received placebo 2 hours before the surgery. Pain scores, total analgesic consumption during 24 hours, recovery discharging time, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and hemodynamic changes were recorded and compared between two groups. The pain severity was significantly lower in the case group at 2, 12, and 24 hours after the operation (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in dizziness, nausea, vomiting, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate of patients between two groups before the surgery, 5 and 30 minutes after the induction, and after the recovery. Duloxetine administration prior to laparoscopic surgery myomectomy can reduce postoperative pain without inducing side effects in patients.

In order to reduce environmental hazards, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a legal requirement for the construction of metal processing and production factories. The purpose of this study was to assess the environmental impacts of the establishment of Sungun cathode copper factory using flash furnace method and also its compatibility with the environment was studied in this research. Civil part of the factory is under construction in the north of East Azarbaijan Province and is adjacent to Sungun copper mine. The location of the project site is in the vicinity of the Arasbaran Protected Area and is therefore important in terms of environmental impact in the area.

In this study, at first library studies were carried out and then, data and information on environmental impact assessment were collected by relevant experts, and eventually the Iranian version of the Leopold Matrix (modified Leopold) was selected as the evaluation method. Next, activities during the construction phase and environmental parameters in each of the physical, biological, and socio-economic and cultural aspects of the project were determined. Then, project activities and environmental parameters were placed in columns and rows of the matrix, respectively. This matrix was bearing cells containing two values of amplitude and magnitude of the impact. The numeric value for amplitude was 1-5 and for magnitud was 5+ to 5. With the production of two amplitude and magnitude, the final score was obtained for each cell with positive or negative scores. The mean scores for each row and column of the matrix were calculated, based on which conclusions were made for the matrix.

In this study, at first library studies were carried out and then, data and information on environmental impact assessment were collected by relevant experts, and eventually the Iranian version of the Leopold Matrix (modified Leopold) was selected as the evaluation method. Next, activities during the construction phase and environmental parameters in each of the physical, biological, and socio-economic and cultural aspects of the project were determined. Then, project activities and environmental parameters were placed in columns and rows of the matrix, respectively. This matrix was bearing cells containing two values of amplitude and magnitude of the impact. The numeric value for amplitude was 1-5 and for magnitud was 5+ to 5. With the production of two amplitude and magnitude, the final score was obtained for each cell with positive or negative scores. The mean scores for each row and column of the matrix were calculated, based on which conclusions were made for the matrix.

Environmental assessment of the construction of a cathode copper processing plant using Flash Furnace was rejected because of the large volume of contamination even after two environmental reforms. Therefore we propose that, the athouriteis of the factory examin the possibility of other methods to produce cathode copper including hydromeatalurogic methods and a new introduced technology named SKS.

Post-operative pain reduction is one of the problems in the patients with preoperative narcotic dependency. Morphine is the most common drugs to control postoperative pain. Due to resistance to morphine and its side effects in addict patients, using of adjuvant drugs such as ketamine has increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding ketamine to morphine in patients addicted to opioid with post orthopedic operation pain.
In a double blind clinical trial, 60 patients undergoing orthopedic operation with history of opioid consumption were randomly divided in 2 groups. Post operation, the first group received morphine 20 mg and the second group received morphine 20 mg ketamine 100 mg via IV patient-controlled analgesia (IPCA). The pain score as visual analogue scale (VAS), sedation score, and nausea and vomiting were evaluated at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours post operation. SPSS v.20 was used for data analysis.
Results showed that dose of morphine consumption in morphine group was significantly increased compared to the morphine ketamine group (p 0.001). In addition, only at 12 hours after surgery the mean of pain score in the morphine group was significantly reduced compared to the second group (p = 0.02). The mean of sedation score at 1 (p 0.001), 6 (p = 0.002), 12 (p = 0.001) and 24 (p 0.001) hours after surgery in the morphine group was increased compared to the other group. At 1 hour, the mean of nausea and vomiting scores in the morphine group was significantly reduced compared to the morphine ketamine group (p = 0.024).
Addition of ketamine to morphine in the patients with history of opioid consumption reduced using of the morphine. But had no effect on pain and sedation score reduction.

During the last two decades, much effort is put to better understand the etiology of schizophrenia. Studying negative symptoms such as endophenotypes is a plausible approach to elucidate the genetic basis of schizophrenia. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is a key candidate gene to develop schizophrenia and its negative symptoms. The NRG1 variant rs6988339 was previously characterized as a schizophrenia susceptibility locus in different Scottish populations.
The current study aimed to examine the association of rs6988339 with schizophrenia and its negative symptoms in an Iranian population.
The current case-controlled study enrolled 469 subjects (276 unrelated schizophrenia patients and 193 healthy controls). The study investigated the association of rs6988339 with schizophrenia and its negative symptoms (assessed with the positive and negative syndrome scale; PANSS) in an Iranian population.
The obtained results showed that rs6988339 was a schizophrenia susceptibility locus in the Iranian population, the minor allele G was the risk allele and A the protective allele (P = 0.0007). Of the four subscales of the PANSS test, the negative score showed the strongest association with this variant (P = 0.001).
The results further supported the implication of NRG1 in the pathogenesis of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Although the etiology of schizophrenia is unknown, it has a significant genetic component. ýA number of studies have indicated that neuregulin-1 (NRG1) gene may play a role in the ýpathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we examined whether the rs2439272 of NRG1 ýis associated with schizophrenia and its negative symptoms in an Iranian population.ý
Rs2439272 was genotyped in 469 participants including 276 unrelated patients with schizophrenia and 193 healthy controls. The association of genetic risk with PANSS, and negative ýsymptoms was examined in the total, male and female samples. COCAPHASE and ýCLUMP22 programs were used to compare the allele and genotype frequencies, and ýgeneral linear regression was used to analyze the quantitative dependent variables by the ýselected variant.ý
In this study, it was revealed that the G allele of rs2439272 might be an allele with the ýincreased risk of developing schizophrenia, especially in the male participants. In addition, ýsignificant differences were found between the G allele and GG genotype frequencies and ýPANSS, and negative symptoms in the total and male participants.ý
Our results supported the association between rs2439272 in NRG1 gene and risk of ýschizophrenia and its negative symptoms in an Iranian population.

The authors evaluated the effectiveness of percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis (PEA) in patients with low back pain due to contained disc herniation..
Patients and Twenty patients with low back pain due to contained disc herniation underwent PEA treatment with the Racz technique. The patients were evaluated for pain score, medication intake, significant pain relief, and complications..
At three days, one month, three months, and six months after PEA compared to pre-PEA evaluations, the pain scores and medication intake were significantly decreased. Significant pain relief declined from 95% at three days to 75% at six months..
PEA for low back pain due to contained disc herniation is a safe and effective procedure. Therefore, it may be considered as an option for treatment before invasive operations are performed..

A driving factor in children toward risky behavior is the procedure of training by parents. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between parenting styles of parents with children with deaf students with risky behaviors of students. 83 out of 80 people in the 92-91 Persian academic year studying in special schools for deaf in the city of Karaj، were selected. Data analyzed by inferential statistical methods such as ANOVA and Pearson. Data gathered by questionnaire. The relationship between parenting styles and trends to risky behaviors in deaf students isn''t significant. It seems that education due to constant relation with deaf students and their parents can be fruitful in two fields such as counselors interact with students for awareness and risk behaviors and family education sessions for parents.

Background & Poor sleep quality is common among hemodialysis patients. On the other hand, hemodialysis patients are encountered with carnitine deficiency. L-carnitine is a dietary supplement that has various metabolic functions and decreases the complications during dialysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oral L-carnitine supplementation on sleep quality in hemodialysis patients. In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 59 qualified hemodialysis patients were gone under investigation in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Shirvan during 2013. Patients were divided into intervention and control groups by permutation blocking method. Patients in the intervention group received 500 mg of L-carnitine supplement twice a day, and the placebo group was similarly taking placebo for 12 weeks. Tools for data collection consist of demographic form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index which were completed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software version 11.5 and using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square, Fisher, Wilcoxon tests, Analysis of Covariance and significance level of P0.05. Before intervention, the mean PSQI scores were 9.6±4.2 and 10.1±4.13, respectively in the drug group and the placebo group and, after the intervention, the scores were, respectively, 6.4±2/8 and 9/7±3/48 that showed significant differences in both groups, compared to baseline(P0.05). Also, The PSQI score decreased by 33% in the intervention group and by 3/9% in the control group. Based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the lower score demonstrates a better condition of sleep qualiy. This study showed that oral L-carnitine supplementation can improve sleep quality in hemodialysis patients.

Prioritizing issues of public spaces in cities surveyed, must be based on modern theories of public participation, urban professionals concerned with the scientific method. Because of the different perspectives on the issues and priorities of the city, decisions must be convergent and enjoy a comprehensive coverage in order to be a priority. The purpose of this paper is first surveying Zabol development strategies especially determining public spaces. Descriptive research – analysis, evidence-based studies and surveys library are the methods adopted in this research. The study area includes the physical development before and after 2001 as a hub of Zabol in Sistan region's population which stands out as the first major public issue in the use of resources out of the analysis of interviews and questionnaires, Then according to the features and characteristics of «Analytic Network Process» (ANP) Zabol issues, data classification and consequently the initial conceptual model of ANP was prepared. ANP model consists of six clusters based on common areas of Zabol (criteria / group) and 22 options (node / subgroup) which were generated using the Super Decisions software and the results were analyzed in the software field. The results show the highest preference for the public spaces of Zabol issues related to the node's neighborhoods bordering the city after 2001which "has been formed and developed” (with a score of 0. 795 in normalized cluster location and time). Second, “physical access normalized” with a score of 0. 496 in the cluster: having access to the public sphere, the "alleys and streets" with a score of 0. 377 normalized (with very little difference in the central market of more than ninety 0. 375) in the cluster interior public spaces of the city was located. Thirdly, " The overall vision of the natural environment "with a score of 0. 837 normalized cluster utility in the natural environment, followed by the node's perspectives and input symbols of the city" with a score of 0. 642 normalized in public spaces around the city. Immediately followed by the node clusters "belonging to a space " by a normal rating of 0. 485 in utility cluster of natural space in clusters of six or more points, However, the other options were located out in each cluster. Based on comparing the results of clusters and nodes (nodes) in a clustered environment favorable natural "overall vision of the natural environment" in the area and temporal location "marginal neighborhoods of the city after 2001" has been formed and developed and in public spaces around the city "perspectives landscape and input symbols of the city "for the city of Zabol in priority areas of development strategies were located and explained in this research report

Tracheal intubation can be associated with considerable hemodynamic changes, particularly in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. The GlideScope® video-laryngoscope (GVL) is a novel video laryngoscope that does not need direct exposure of the vocal cords, and it can also produce lower hemodynamic changes due to lower degrees of trauma and stimuli to the oropharynx than a Macintosh direct laryngoscope (MDL).. The aim of this clinical trial was to compare hemodynamic alterations following tracheal intubation with a GVL and MDL in patients with uncontrolled hypertension..Patients and Sixty patients who had uncontrolled hypertension and scheduled for elective surgery requiring tracheal intubation, were randomly assigned to receive intubated with either a GVL (n = 30) or a MDL (n = 30). Intubation time, heart rate, rate pressure product (RPP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), were compared between the two groups at; baseline, following induction of anesthesia, after intubation, and at one minute intervals for 5 minutes.. A total of 59 patients finished the study. Intubation time was longer in the GVL group (9.80 ± 1.27 s) than in the MDL group (8.20 ± 1.17 s) (P < 0.01). MAP, pulse rate, and RPP were lower in the GVL than the MDL group after endotracheal intubation (P < 0.05). MAP, heart rate, and RPP returned to pre-intubation values at 3 and 4 minutes after intubation in the GVL and MDL groups, respectively (P < 0.05).. Hemodynamic fluctuations in patients with uncontrolled hypertension after endotracheal intubation were lower with the GVL than the MDL technique..

Rubella is a mild viral infectious disease, usually occurs subclinically without a serious complication. But if occurs during pregnancy, specially the first trimester, it can transmit and invade to fetus causing congenital rubella syndrome or fetal death. In 2003, nearly all Iranians at the age of 5 to 25 years old were vaccinated against rubella and the vaccine was included in the compulsory immunization, MMR afterwards. This study was carried out on girls attended at a marriage consultancy center in Kermanshah city (West of Iran) in 2006. Considering 95% of confidence, the sample size was estimated at 140. All samples were tested using ELISA serologic method and compared with similar study conducted on 240 unvaccinated girls at the same place in 1999. Antibody positivity was observed in 99.3%, compared to 79.58% of the previous study. A rise of 19.72% (95% CI 12.7%-26.7%) of seropositivity was observed in vaccinated girls versus unvaccinated ones (P < 0.001). In our previous study, we had recommended to screen for susceptibility to rubella before marriage, which is no longer required since more than 99% of vaccinated girls showed immunity at the time of marriage. However, as sustainability of immunity after rubella vaccination is usually less than immunity due to illness, we recommend screening for rubella protective antibody every few years.

To compare the chromatic contrast sensitivity function (CSF) for the blue-yellow opponent channel (BYOC) between female badminton players and non-athlete controls. We recruited 40 young females (18-25 years old) who played badminton for at least 5 consecutive years as the test group, and 30 age-matched female controls who had no history of regular physical activity. The Pattern Generator™ system was used to test the CSF for the BYOC which was performed at three spatial frequencies (SFs) of 2 cycles per degree (cpd), 5 cpd, and 25 cpd. Comparison of BYOC thresholds showed significantly better results in the test group for all three SFs (P<0.001). Band pass shift (better CSF in the middle SF) was seen in the test group. The control group had low pass (better CSF in the low SF). Ocular motility (heterophoria, fusional convergence and divergence at far and near distances, and near point of convergence) was better in the test group, but the inter-group difference was not significant. The BYOC threshold results for badminton players indicated a better visual performance which may be a result of enhanced performance of the parallel processing of the parvocellular and magnocellular systems. This may be inherent and/or acquired in badminton players. In addition, badminton players appear to have developed sensory-motor programmed activities. Testing the CSF for BYOC may be useful for athlete selection in different levels and/or used as a criterion for screening players in the field of badminton.

Vaginal flora of healthy women is dominated by Lactobacillus species which can prevent bacterial vaginosis.. The current study aimed to determine the differences in vaginal lactobacilli composition of Iranian healthy and bacterial vaginosis (BV) infected women and compared their cytotoxic effects with commercial vaginal probiotics..Patients and One hundred and seventy eight vaginal specimens were collected from healthy and BV infected women. Lactobacillus colonies were obtained by culturing on laked blood BHI and MRS medias and genetically defined by 16s rRNA sequencing. Differentiating the specimens to normal, intermediate and BV infected were carried out by Ison and Hey grading protocol. Identification of Lactobacillus strains in vaginal specimens were performed by Multiplex PCR. The inhibitory effects of lactobacilli on Hela (tumoral cervical cells) and HNCF-pi52 (normal cervical cells) were conducted by MTT and trypan blue assays.. L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. iners, L. jensenii, L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus were the most frequently occurring species in vagina of healthy Iranian women. L. crispatus and L. jensenni were significantly higher in the normal than in the BV infected groups. Also the cytotoxic effect of L. crispatus on tumoral cervical cells was higher than other lactobacilli including commercial probiotics.. As L. crispatus and L. jensenni were significantly higher in BV infected women and the cytotoxic effect of L. crispatus on tumoral cervical cells was high, introduction of new probiotics seems necessary..