maryam izadi

Financing flow needed for production sector is allocated from various markets including stock market, therefore, it is expected, any fluctuations in this market effects on output. For this reason, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between fluctuations in stock market prices and business cycles, using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for Iran economy. In this structure, along with wage income, the households have financial wealth that is effective on the current and future consumption. Moreover, the households divided into two categories: those households that already have accumulated wealth in financial market and are ready to leave the market and those households that has not any activity and accumulated wealth in this market, yet, and are ready to enter the market.

at first, seasonal data are extracted from the time series databases of the Central Bank. Then, using Eviews software, the mentioned data are seasonally adjusted. In the following, in order to extract the cycle of the variables, at first, the long-term trend of the variables is extracted from the deseasonalized variables using the Hedrick-Prescott filter, and in the next step, the cycle of the variables is extracted using the logarithmic difference method. Finally, the cyclical data will be used for the required data.at this stage, the system of linear equations is entered into the Diner software, and then the structural parameters of the model are estimated using the Bayesian method and the data prepared in the previous stage. Finally, using the estimated model and Bayesian inference, we will investigate the role of price bubble on Iran's business cycles and the fluctuation of other macroeconomic variables.

Based on the model estimation results, the replacement rate among households in the capital market is estimated between 6% and 23%, which indicates the effective time horizon of 1.06 to 1.3 years of households' presence in the country's capital market. Also, according to the specified model, the central bank does not react to the fluctuations of the capital market.The estimation results show that a positive stock price shock leads to an increase in production and economic growth, as a result of which the production gap has become somewhat positive. According to the consumption habit hypothesis in the model, the maximum reaction of the production gap to this shock is a few periods after its occurrence. With the increase in economic growth and the improvement of production compared to the potential level, the inflation rate will find a decreasing trend. Therefore, with the occurrence of a positive stock price shock, the inflation rate will have a downward trend and production will have an upward trend, which will increase it compared to the long-term potential level. Therefore, it can be said that the formation of price bubbles in the Iranian stock market has positive effects on business cycles.But it should be kept in mind that although the price bubble can have positive effects on production and economic growth in some periods of time, because these bubbles are considered non-basic factors of the economy, they cannot be considered as a stable and continuous long-term factor. Also, the existence of a bubble in the prices shows that at some point in the future, the prices will break, and in this case, the fear of economic stagnation and a decrease in the level of economic activities is not far from expected.

The structural parameters of model is estimated using Bayesian method and data during 1383 – 1399, where we derive three important implications: firstly, data meaningfully reveals that stock prices are effective on real sector and business cycles. Secondly, the assumption of no-reaction of central bank to economic volatilities such as stock market, output and inflation is verified. Thirdly, the model endogenously includes a variable related to financial slackness, where is the stock price gap and is used in order to improving measuring model dynamics. This variable is capable to depict volatilities in stock market. At last, the results from simulations show that volatilities in stock market prices have positive effect on output and business cycles in Iran.

From the beginning of the fourth century to the early seventh century the Dari Persian language which was the literary, official and spoken language in Iran, has gathered in itself an extensive treasure of the noble and archaic words, many of which have been formed based on various geographical dialects or loan terms that have found their in to the Dari Persian from the languages of the surrounding areas, particularly the East region of Iran.  In the Quranic Encyclopedia, which is provided on the basis of one hundred and forty-two versions of Quran manuscripts for the equivalent Persian of Quranic words, we encounter an abundance of infinitives and verbs which are archaic ,rare, and obsolete, and often related to the specific dialects of types of  Persian dialects  which are called language species. The exploration of these pure and rare words contribute to the study of the historical process of lexical system of Persian language and it is conducive to the enrichment of lexical dictionaries and atlases and also some of these words deserve to return to the Persian language cycle . This study tries, by means of descriptive-analytical approach and library study while introducing the infinitives and ancient, rare and obsolete Persian verbs in Quranic encyclopedia and rendering their frequency, with the selection of a number of these original language species, to explore and analyze their functions.

This cross-sectional study aimed to study the prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Khuzestan province.

A community sample consisting of 1028 (51.6% female) children and adolescents aged 6-18 years was selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were gathered using the Kiddie-SADSPresent and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and a demographic questionnaire (i.e., gender, age, level of education, place of residence, parent’s education, and parent’s Job)

Nearly 22.6% (22.3% of boys and 23% of girls) of all participants suffered from at least one psychiatric disorder. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders based on gender, age, father’s education, mother’s education, mother’s job, and father’s job (all p>0.05). Psychiatric disorders were significantly more prevalent among children and adolescents in urban areas compared to rural places (2.9% vs. 8.1; p<0.001). The most prevalent category was anxiety disorders (15%). Also, the most common disorders were specific phobia (7%), separation anxiety disorder (6.3%), and enuresis (5.2%). The most common comorbid disorders were mood disorders and anxiety disorders (56.3%), followed by anxiety disorders and elimination disorders (32.1%).

Psychiatric conditions are prevalent in children and adolescents living in Khuzestanian. The study’s findings have important implications for providing effective psychiatric services.

Analyzing the formation of bubble prices in stock market is the most important macro subjects in recent years. Due to this importance, in this study we use a DSGE model (developed by Castelnuovo and Nisticò, 2010) in order to study bubbles in stock market price index. Because the price bubble is a non-fundamental factor, using the approach of separating fundamental from non- fundamental factors is a good way to evaluate the formation of a bubble in the stock market. Accordingly, in this study, the variables of changes in inflation, production and stock price are separated according to fundamental and non- fundamental factors and then the effect of each of the non- fundamental shocks on macro variables such as stock price and stock price bubble formation is investigated. By calibrating the structural parameters of the model, the results show that non- fundamental hidden factors in inflation, production and stock prices cause the formation of bubbles in the stock market. Also, among the above factors, non- fundamental inflation factors is the most important factor in the formation of the stock price bubble, and then fluctuations in the production sector and the stock price itself. This results include this practical proposal that stability in the stock market and avoiding the formation of bubbles in the stock price index mainly depends on controlling the inflation rate and creating stability at the general level of prices.

Mastectomy is sometimes performed in transgender patients, which may damage the regional nerves such as the pectoral and intercostobrachial nerves, leading to postoperative pain. An ultrasound-guided nerve block can be used to track and block the nerves properly.

This study aimed to compare the ultrasound-guided type-II pectoral nerve block with the blind (conventional) intercostal nerve block (ICNB) for pain control after breast tissue reconstruction surgery in transgender patients.

In the present single-blind randomized clinical trial, 47 patients were randomly divided into two groups: (A) Ultrasound-guided type-II pectoral nerve block (n = 23) and (B) blind intercostal nerve block (n = 24). After nerve block in both groups, pain intensity at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery, upper limb paresthesia, frequency of nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, hematoma, and the length of hospital stay were assessed.

Patients who received the ultrasound-guided type-II pectoral nerve block had a greater reduction in pain intensity (24 h after surgery), opioid use (24 h after surgery), nausea, vomiting, and hospital stay than those who received ICNB, whereas the recovery time did not differ between the study groups.

The pectoral nerve block under ultrasound guidance, compared to the intercostal nerve block, in transgender patients can reduce the required dosage of opioids within 24 hours, pain intensity within 24 hours after surgery, the incidence of postoperative nausea, and vomiting, and the hospital stay of patients.

Sultan Valad is one of the gifted Persian poets, but unfortunately, his poems have not been precisely studied. It seems that the beauty of Sultan Valdchr('39')s Ghazals have been neglected in the light of radiance of his father. Like many other Persian texts, the Valda’s Divan does not yet have a reliable edition. By studying one of the existing poetry collection, we have shown that the edition of the Sultan Valad’s Divan is one of the essentials in the field of research. In this study, we have introduced two new Ghazals relying on the Afandi Collection, which we have described it in the article and two authentic manuscripts. We mentioned two Ghazals of Valad according to the old Afandi collection and manuscripts that were not in Valadchr('39')s Divan up to now. Valadchr('39')s Divan has edited by by Asghar Rabbani  with the introduction of Saeed Nafisi. It is important to note, however, that Nafisi has not edited the Valadchr('39')s Divan, but has published Rabbani’s edition in Iran. There are also many verses in this collection that have been removed from the printed Divan. Finally, under the heading "K" and "G", we have referred to the mistakes that occurred in the printed Divan, also many verses are re-edited according to authentic manuscripts. Considering the criticisms of the printed Divan of Sultan Valadchr('39')s edited by Asghar Rabbani (Hamed) with the introduction of Saeed Nafisi, the necessity of re-edition of the Sultan Valadchr('39')s Divan becomes more evident.

The background of using prefix and morpheme in the Persian language can be traced to the ancient Persian. As the middle Persian language progressed through centuries, some of these prefixes and morphemes have been left out and some were kept as a dead and unnecessary part of some verbs. Some of these prefixes and morphemes are being used in the Dari Persian. In the Qura’nic Encyclopedia, Dictionary of Persian Equivalent of Koran Based on 142 Ancient Manuscripts, we can see the usage of these prefixes and morphemes. The frequency of Persian verbs in Qura’nic Encyclopedia, especially prefix verbs, indicates high capacity of this language in word making. The study of the current prefixes and morphemes helps us to be familiarized with word-making methods in Persian, to show the capacity of making verbs in this language, and to identify the evolution of simple verbs into combined and conjunctive from the ancient Persian to the current Dari Persian. Using a descriptive analytic method, as well as library research, this study explores the current comparisons of the verbs of the Holy Quran in the Qura’nic Encyclopedia. It first deals with derivation of the current prefixes and morphemes of this period through the development of Persian language. Then, by showing the samples, it tries to categorize their types, and analyzes the structure, application, meaning and statistical population of this type of derivative and inflectional affixes. The aim of this study is to explore the evolution and function of current prefixes and morphemes. It also attempts to present the frequency of obsolete, ancient, rare and dynamic prefix verbs in Persian. The results show the dominance of prefix verbs over other verb constructions in the original text of the Qura’nic Encyclopedia.

The aim of this cross sectional study was to assess the factor analysis of Functional Assessment of Self- Mutilation (FASM) among Iranian adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury. In this study, 646 high school students, with the mean age of 16.55 ± 0.7, were selected using a multistage  cluster sampling method; they completed FASM and the demographic form. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, chi-square (χ2), independent sample t test, MANOVA, and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Of the participants, 178 reported at least 1 episode of NSSI during the previous year. The mean age of the participants when they first harmed themselves was 14.64 (±1.71). Most of them reported to engage in NSSI impulsively (39.32%) and experienced little (31.5%) or moderate physical pain (31.5%) There were no significant differences between males and females in severity of NSSI, frequency of NSSI, thinking about NSSI prior to engaging in the act, and age of onset. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the 4-factor model of NSSI functions suggested by Nock and Prinstine [Χ2/df = 1.84; RMSEA = 0.07; GFI = 0.82; AGFI = 0.77]. The most frequent function for engaging in NSSI was Automatic Negative Reinforcement . Findings of this study supported the structural validity of the FASM; thus, this tool can be useful in treatment and research contexts as a measure of NSSI functions. Moreover, this study found that adolescents engage in non-suicidal self-injury because of 4 distinct reinforcement processes. The study findings have important implications for the assessment and treatment of NSSI.

Epilepsy is a neurologic functional disorder occurs due to the abnormal electrical discharge in neurons of the brain. The current study aimed at evaluating the relationship between perceived social support and self-esteem in patients with epilepsy referring to Kashani Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. The present cross sectional, correlational study was conducted on 211 patients with epilepsy, referring to Kashani Hospital in Isfahan from 2017 to 2018, selected through a consecutive sampling method according to the inclusion criteria. The data collection instruments used in the current study were self-esteem and social support questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and statistical inference with SPSS V. 23. In addition, multiple regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were employed. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that social support dimensions including spouse (F=44.88), family members (F=47.64), friends (F=31.57), physician (35.28), and nurse (F=44.25) have a significant effect on self-esteem (P<0.05). Effective support from spouse, family members, friends, physician, and nurse can increase the self-esteem of patients with epilepsy.

Emotional reactivity is important in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, including Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI), Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS) is a self-report measure to assess this concept. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of ERS in Iranian adolescents. We also compared the emotional reactivity in adolescents with and without NSSI.  The study samples consisted of 646 high school students with the Mean±SD age of 16.55±0.71 years. The data were gathered using ERS, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), and Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM). The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and analysis of variance. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was also calculated as a measure of internal consistency. The 21-item ERS demonstrated strong internal consistency (α=0.92), and factor analysis supported the single factor structure of ERS. With regard to convergent validity, the ERS indicated positive correlations of medium to large magnitudes with the measures of depression, anxiety, and stress, ranging from 0.45 to 0.62. The study participants with a history of NSSI reported significantly higher emotion reactivity, compared to those without such condition.  This investigation suggested that the Persian version of ERS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring emotional reactivity in nonclinical Iranian adolescents.

With regard to the importance of oil price changes in Iran’s oil revenues as an oil exporter and its effects on it's economy, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of the oil shocks on the changes of the most important index of the Stock Exchange in Iran called the total price index.
Investigating the price of shares in stock exchange and studying and controlling the investment market, which is an important part of financial markets in every country, play an important role in policy making and applying macro-economic policies. Controlling available savings and liquidity and conducting them towards different parts of national economics, this market leads to the investigation and transmission of investment to economic institutions and thereby providing future perspectives of economic firms. Given the fact during a short period of time, shock and the intensity of the movement of liquidity and capital of both the private sector and people of society in transfering from economic parts to non-economic ones are high, the recognition and introduction of information, structure and prediction of short term market for determining appropriate policies is vital.
In this work, having looked at monthly statistics data (2001-2012), the reseachers tried to investigate the factors affecting the value of shares in the stock market. It is done by using a non-nested optimization model test to select the suitable model and to examine the factors affecting the value of shares in the stock market. In addition, their relationship will be described and estimated based on the VAR method. On the other hand, since the prediction of financial and capital market is efficient and stable, we can provide a framework for achieving economic growth and development. Thus, this paper will examine the structural stability and forecast it's market based on Auto Regression Moving Average process and according to the results, the applicable policies will be suggested.
The primary duty of exchange stock is providing capital stock for the government, the private, and industry sectors in the form of collecting stagnant savings and the liquidity of private sector in order to finance the long-term investment projects.
Stock Exchange is the official and confident authority where holders of stagnant savings can relatively find reliable investment places and use their surplus funds to invest on companies or buy bonds to gain a guaranteed profit.
In other words, the Stock Exchange plays a dual function in the structure of a free economy: one the one hand, it helps to increase the capital of the government and the private sector, and on the other hand, it creates the secondary market to meeting the potential and actual investors. Investigation, controlling and conducting the market can lead to the financial resources of the capital market and investment for development and growth and the policies are planned on the basis of the goals of macroeconomic. Economists believe one of the reasons for the lack of the development of developing countries is the low level of investment. In this regard, the capital market is the main and important centre to attract these savings. Accordingly, we should identify its influential factors in the market, and thus use appropriate policies for the progression and growth of the market.
Achieving the optimal growth and development of economy without mobilization of financial resources in long term is impossible. In this regard, the position and the role of capital market are of high importance.
The capital market, which is the market of demand and supply of financial resources, can play a vital role when the process of supply and demand of its financial sources is the optimal allocations. The main prerequisite for the optimal allocations of resources in the capital market is the efficiency in their performance.
Thus, the difference between effective and efficient capital markets with inefficient markets is in the phenomenon of information and having access to them.
As the information related to the capital market (for a comprehensive, coherent and effective market activity) increases, the impact of the capital market on the growth and development of economy becomes more.
Conclusions and Suggestions: Thus, policy makers should pay attention to the Stock Exchange, its flourishing growth and to government policies, control the foreign exchange market, prevent the uncontrolled growth of liquidity, eliminate the cumbersome investment regulations and incentives tax, and finally draw a plan for implementation of economic policies.
In this regard, it is essential the country's economic managers identify macro-economic variables affecting the stock market, especially government-controlled variables and how their influence can lead to appropriate policies for the stimulatation of the market and growth of economy.

Medically unexplained symptoms are physical symptoms, which cannot be explained by organic ýcauses. This study aimed to investigate mental health in patients with medically unexplained ýphysical symptoms. ý
One hundred outpatients who were admitted to the Electro Diagnosis Clinic of Imam Khomeini ýhospital, Ahvaz/Iran, participated in this study. Data were collected using physical examination, ýparaclinical examinations, and SCL-90-R, and analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance ýý (MANOVA), Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. ý
The findings revealed significant differences between clients with medically explained and ýunexplained symptoms in obsessive compulsive and somatization (p0.05).ý
The present study suggested an association between some psychological problems and somatic ýsymptoms. Therefore, screening for psychological impairments can improve clinical outcomes.

The association of vitamin D with Parkinson's disease (PD) has recently been proposed which acts via vitamin D receptor (VDR). The VDR gene contains a start codon polymorphism that can be detected with the restriction enzyme FokI. Some previous studies reported an association between FokI site and PD and have suggested that this polymorphism alters VDR function. The aim of this study was to identify the association of FokI polymorphism in sporadic and familial form of PD. In present case-control study, blood samples were collected from 60 PD patients in total Isfahan population and 62 unrelated normal individuals from southwest region of Isfahan. Another part of the study had been planned on evaluation of 6 patients with PD and 7 healthy controls from one family with PD pedigree. A PCR-RFLP method used to determine genotypes. Serum levels of 25OHD, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase from patients and controls of pedigree were analyzed. In sporadic PD, protection against the development of PD was conferred when F allele exist, but it was not significant (OR = 0.7, 95%CI: 0.44-1.28, P = 0.29). On the other hand, insignificant susceptibility to PD (OR= 1.3, 95%CI: 0.437-1.283, P = 0.39) was correlated to f allele. Obtained results from familial study suggested: the risk ratio of PD in the sample was 4 folds higher for f allele (OR= 4.091, 95%CI: 0.374-44.788, P = 0.22), whereas ff homozygosity for the FokI genotype is a non significant genetic risk factor (2.7 times) for PD compared with other FokI genotypes (OR= 2.667, 95%CI: 0.193-36.756, P = 0.45). ff genotype patients compared with FFpatients showed increased serum level of 25OHD, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, but this association was not significant. Our finding focused on FokI RFLP alone, and then we need to analyz other polymorphisms in the VDR gene, such as ApaI, TaqI and BsmI. Because of small population of the study, generalizing these results might be limited.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels can make changes in serum biomarkers and affect progression symptoms of many diseases. One of these is Parkinson''s disease (PD) and according to previous studies، it seems that parathyroid gland function is effective in severity of symptoms of PD. This study aimed to explore the role of PTH in PD progression regarding the lack of researches in this field in the Middle East.

This case-control study was carried out in Alzahra hospital in Isfahan، Iran. 125 patients with PD، diagnosed by experienced neurologists and 112 healthy controls matched for age and gender with patient group were asked to participate during September to November 2011. At baseline، the severity of PD was evaluated with motor part of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III). The level of PTH، calcium، phosphorus، and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were measured.

The mean ± SD of PTH level was significantly lower in patients group (45. 2 ± 18. 8 IU/l) compared to controls (70. 8 ± 28. 5 IU/l) (P = 0. 0001); there are not any significant correlation between hormone level، elements and severity of PD. We observed that men had more risk of PD than women (Odds ratio = 2. 53، [CI: 1. 27‐5. 03]، P: 0. 0080).

This study could not confirm the relationship between the level of parathyroid gland function، the level of serum PTH and severity of motor symptoms in PD. It could be explained by the lack of a sufficient number of Hypo and hypercalcemia، phosphatemia and Hypo-or hyperparathyroidism in our samples.

Vitamin D insufficiency and serum calcium disturbance have been reported to be more common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients than in healthy control subjects, which may be due to a chronic disease or reduced mobility contributes to these relatively disturbances. Because of the high-vitamin D insufficiency in our population, we aimed to compare a biochemical levels which are related to bone metabolism, in PD patients in comparison with age-matched healthy controls, for the 1st time in a Middle East population. This case-control study was involved 105 (20 were excluded) PD patients, who were age- and -sex matched with 112 controls. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and parathyroid hormone analyzed by enzyme immunoassay; another laboratory data including, calcium, phosphorous, and alkaline phosphatase were performed by spectrophotometric methods. There was no significant difference in 25OHD between PD patients and control group (P = 0.071). 25OHD level was not significantly different in PD patients compared to controls {odds ratio 1.003, (confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.02), P value 0.793}. None of the other biochemical levels did not induce more chance for PD, only we observed in men has more risk of PD than women (odds ratio 2.53, [CI, 1.27-5.03], P value 0.008). Our data do not support a possible role of vitamin D insufficiency in PD. Regarding to variable changes in biochemical markers in PD patients than in controls; further studies are suggested to determine any plausibility role of them as a causal relationship or as an outcome of PD.