maryam salamatbakhsh

Today, the quality and quantity of medical services provided in hospitals is heavily influenced by the accuracy and reliability of medical care and related supplies. In many cases, the absence of essential medicines and medical supplies or errors in their use can lead patients to question the value of other services and their treatment's effectiveness. Thus, the study aimed to compare hospital errors and related outcomes in 2022 and 2023 and present preventive solutions. Thus, the present study was conducted to compare the types and rates of hospital errors and their related outcomes in 2022 and 2023 and to present interventional preventive solutions.

In this descriptive-survey study, all recorded errors in the hospital during the first quarter of 2022 and 2023, including medication errors, instrumental errors, and associated consequences, were analyzed and compared. Preventive and corrective solutions were suggested based on the opinions of the management and medical staff to reduce and eliminate errors. Data were collected through a checklist and analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

The results showed that in both years, the most common type of error was medication prescription to the patient and medication calculations during prescription. Overall, there was a statistically significant difference between the types of hospital errors in the two years (p=0.001). In 2022, the highest error consequence occurred in the fourth quarter and included temporary complications and time waste, while in 2023, the highest consequence occurred in the first quarter and included temporary complications and delays in the diagnosis and treatment process. In both years, the number of deaths was the least frequent error consequence. A significant difference was observed in error consequences between the two years (p=0.013). Additionally, most errors occurred during the evening and night shifts, while the fewest errors occurred during the morning shift. A significant difference was observed in the types of errors among the three work shifts (p=0.023).

The results suggest that nursing managers and educational supervisors should plan and implement in-service training programs and create educational booklets and posters to improve nurses' pharmaceutical knowledge in this field.

Pneumoperitoneum is characterized by the presence of air inside the peritoneal cavity, which may be the result of a perforated hollow organ in GI (Gastrointestinal) tract, requiring emergency surgical intervention. However, pneumoperitoneum is known to be spontaneous, nonsurgical, or unexplained in some cases without perforation. The present study is a case series study, introducing two cases of pneumoperitoneum in the patients with COVID-19.

The first case was a 70-year-old woman with COVID-19 who underwent laparotomy, and no perforation was detected in her as the source of pneumoperitoneum under direct observation. The second case was a four-year-old girl who was referred to hospital after a car accident as pedestrian. After taking a CT scan, COVID-19 was diagnosed accidentally without any previous sign. After diagnosing pneumoperitoneum, since there was no symptom of perforation or peritonitis, the patient was actively monitored during the hospitalization period and discharged on day 8 of hospitalization in a general good condition.

Evidence from a previous study suggests that coronavirus has a high propensity to gastrointestinal tract. Enteropathic viruses can directly damage the intestinal mucosa and cause gastrointestinal complaints in the patients. Invasion of the virus into the intestinal wall can increase the permeability of the intestinal wall, leading to easier invasion of pathogens over the large intestine tract and intestinal complaints (including pneumatosis) by reducing the function of intestinal barrier. Increasing permeability of the intestinal wall may be a factor of pneumoperitoneum.

Studies on English language teaching (ELT) in Iran suggest that it is not successful enough in producing proficient language learners. University students’ low English proficiency limits their exploitation of academic resources and raises concerns about the quality of their educations. The current study is an attempt to find out the predictive validity of English proficiency level for academic achievement in the fields of English literature and Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL). To do so, a twofold procedure has been adopted. In the first phase, 83 undergraduate and postgraduate students in the above-mentioned courses of state universities in Iran were selected by convenience sampling. The correlation of their English proficiency level in three language skills of listening, reading, and writing, measured by an IELTS test, and their academic performance, measured by their current semester grade point averages (GPAs), was examined. Statistical data analysis disclosed a significantly positive correlation between the two variables under scrutiny. In the second phase, 155 students majoring in the same courses selected by convenience sampling were asked to fill out an already established 4-point Likert scale questionnaire in order to investigate the students’ perception about the effect of English proficiency on academic performance compared with other important factors. Statistical data analysis of the questionnaire revealed that ‘English proficiency’ was the eighth important factor among 35 factors influencing academic performance. The findings of the present study suggest that English proficiency functions as a cluster encompassing predictive validity for educational success as well as significant impact on students’ academic achievement. Thus, stricter measures regarding students’ English proficiency filtering should be applied for admission to the Iranian universities.

Prevention or reduction of pain is especially important in premature infants who are subjected to more repetitive painful procedures that are necessary for their survival and uncontrolled pain in this type of infant leads to permanent damage to the components of growth and cognitive development and changes in response to subsequent painful stimuli. The present study aims to study the effects of oral 20% sucrose on severity of pain during venipuncture in premature neonates in Motahari hospital of Urmia, Iran, 2019-2020.

In this a double-blind randomized controlled trial, 100 premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Motahhari Educational and Medical Center in Urmia in the second half of 2019) were assigned to three groups of sucrose 20% (50 infants) and control group (50 infants). Then, the behavioral response of infants with NIPS instrument before, 2 and 7 minutes after the vasodilation process was evaluated and recorded as a processor by direct observation of the infant by the researcher.

The results showed that the mean score of pain before and 2 and 7 minutes after the intervention in sucrose group was equal to (4.78±0.91), (3.18±1.15) and (3.02±1.02) and in the control group (4.84±0/79). 4), (4.94±0.79) and (4.72±0.96). The trend of variable response (pain scores) was not the same over time between the two groups of sucrose, and control, and statistically significant differences were observed in the mean pain scores at different times (P <0.001). Prior to the intervention, the mean of all three groups was approximately the same and in the control group, during the following periods, the averages were almost similar and did not change significantly with each other.

According to the findings of the present study, oral solutions of sucrose 20% is effective in relieving pain in infants after venipuncture. Because this method is simple, safe, and easy to use, it is recommended for clinical routine use as an effective intervention.