mashayekhi

Diabetes affects the central nervous system associated with cognition, especially memory and learning. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics (living microorganisms that provide health benefits) and resveratrol (a polyphenol with potential antioxidant activity) combination on oxidative stress, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), memory, and learning in diabetic rats.

Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (six animals per group) of control, diabetic, probiotic-treated diabetic (50×109CFU/kg in drinking water), resveratrol-treated diabetic (10 mg/kg, oral gavage), as well as probiotics and resveratrol-treated diabetic. The treatment procedures lasted for four weeks, and a Shuttle Box test was then performed to evaluate memory and learning. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed, and the hippocampus was removed to perform biochemical studies.

The levels of malondialdehyde and total oxidative status significantly decreased in the diabetic group treated with combined resveratrol and probiotics (P<0.05). Furthermore, the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase significantly increased in the hippocampus of the diabetic group treated with combined resveratrol and probiotics (P<0.05). According to the results, the combined therapy improved memory and learning (P<0.05). In addition, the level of GLP-1 increased in the treatment groups (P<0.05).

Treatment with resveratrol and probiotics significantly normalized pyramidal cell densities in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. This combination also reduced oxidative stress and activated the gut-brain axis in diabetic animals.

Short texts of social media like Twitter provide a lot of information about hot topics and public opinions. For better understanding of such information, topic detection and tracking is essential. In many of the available studies in this field, the number of topics must be specified beforehand and cannot be changed during time. From this perspective, these methods are not suitable for increasing and dynamic data. In addition, non-parametric topic evolution models lack appropriate performance on short texts due to the lack of sufficient data. In this paper, we present a new evolutionary clustering algorithm, which is implicitly inspired by the distance-dependent Chinese Restaurant Process (dd-CRP). In the proposed method, to solve the data sparsity problem, social networking information along with textual similarity has been used to improve the similarity evaluation between the tweets. In addition, in the proposed method, unlike most methods in this field, the number of clusters is calculated automatically. In fact, in this method, the tweets are connected with a probability proportional to their similarity, and a collection of these connections constitutes a topic. To speed up the implementation of the algorithm, we use a cluster-based summarization method. The method is evaluated on a real data set collected over two and a half months from the Twitter social network. Evaluation is performed by clustering the texts and comparing the clusters. The results of the evaluations show that the proposed method has a better coherence compared to other methods, and can be effectively used for topic detection from social media short texts.

Using stimulants is an efficient way to increase the production of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants under in vivo and in vitro conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of NaCl (0 and 50 mM), salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate (each in 0 and 100 μM) in solid and liquid culture media on the biochemical properties and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity of stevia callus under in vitro conditions. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with a two-factor factorial arrangement in four replications. The stimuli used, culture medium and their interactions had a significant effect on the measured traits. The highest amount of phenol and flavonoid production was observed in salicylic acid 100 + salinity 50 and salinity 50 treatments in solid culture medium. Treatments including salinity 50, salicylic acid 100 + salinity 50 and methyl jasmonate 100 + salinity 50 in the solid medium increased PAL enzyme activity compared to other treatments. PAL enzyme, phenol and flavonoid were positively correlated each other. The 50 mM salinity treatment also increased proline amino acid content. Therefore, in order to improve the production of secondary compounds such as phenol, flavonoids and also PAL enzyme activity in stevia, a combination of salicylic acid (100 μM) and salinity (50 mM) is recommended under solid culture medium conditions.

In this paper, by reviewing the concept of subcovering and semicovering maps, we extend the notion of subcovering map to subsemicovering map. We present some necessary or sufficient conditions for a local homeomorphism to be a subsemicovering map. Moreover, we investigate the relationship between these conditions by some examples. Finally, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a subsemicovering map to be semicovering.

Foliar spray of chemical and organic compounds can affect the quantitative and qualitative yield of important medicinal plants such as German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). In order to investigate the effect of salicylic (control, 200, 400 and 600 μM) and humic (control, 200, 400 and 600 mg l-1) acids foliar spray on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of German chamomile, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2015. The results showed that the highest number of flowers per plant was observed in 600 μM salicylic (91) and 600 mg l-1 humic (96) acids treatments. The highest fresh flower yield (1014 g m-2) was obtained from salicylic acid (400 μM) × humic acid (600 mg l-1), which was 115% higher than that of the control treatment. The use of salicylic and humic acids had a great influence on the total antioxidant capacity and the content of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. The highest percentage of chamazulene (6.1%) was obtained from salicylic acid (400 μM) × humic acid (600 mg l-1) treatment, and the lowest one (4.1%) from the control treatment. In total, the best results were obtained from simultaneous application of salicylic (400 μM) and humic (600 mg l-1) acids.

Catnip (Nepeta cataria L.), also called catmint, is a medicinal plant containing aromatic compounds and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, phytochemical and genetic variations of some Catnip germplasm were analyzed using RAPD molecular marker as well as GC/MS. The shoots of plants were collected from various habitats and dried away from direct sunlight. DNA was extracted using (CTAB) method. Eleven RAPD primers were used in PCR reaction. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 15 populations were classified into four groups. Based on the results of principal component analysis, the plant populations were clustered into five groups. Eight of 15 collected populations were analyzed phytochemically. Essential oils were extracted via water steam distillation using Clevenger apparatus. Twenty-seven components were identified from all essential oil samples. The results of GC/MS method showed that among the samples, 100% of essential oil compounds were identified in populations of Sirch, Mohammad Abad-e-Maskoon, Saqder 2, Dalfard 2, and Mijan 2. The results also showed that in samples of Dehbakri, Dalfard 1, and Saqder 1, 94.84%, 99.8% and 96.6% of essential oil compounds were identified, respectively. Three isomers of Nepetalactone constituted the major essential oils compounds. B-caryophyllene, Caryophyllene oxide, β-pinene, and α-pinene were also of main essential oil compounds. Based on the cluster analysis of GC/MS data, the populations were classified into three groups. Comparison of consisting compounds of essential oils in the eight studied populations indicated that the essential oils extracted were different quantitatively and qualitatively. This could be probably due to the different ecological conditions of habitats such as humidity, temperature, altitude above sea level, or other terrestrial, geographical and genetic factors.

Endurance Time method is a time history dynamic analysis in which structures are subjected to increasing excitations. These excitations are known as endurance time excitation functions (ETEF). This study proposes a new method for generating ETEFs. In the proposed method, a new basis function for representing ETEFs is introduced. This type of ETEFs representation creates an intelligent space for this ETEFs simulating optimization problem. The proposed method is then applied in order to simulate new ETEFs. To investigate the efficiency of this proposed optimization space, newly generated ETEFs are compared with those simulated by conventional approaches. Results show an improvement in the accuracy of ETEFs as well as the reduction in the required computational time.

The treatment of cancer comes as a great challenge worldwide. Thus the development of effective therapies with minimal side effects is important. Photodynamic therapy is a non-invasive and new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the photodynamic effects of a light-sensitive compound, Zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc), on cell growth and the expression of caspase-9 in SW872 cell line.
For cytotoxic effects of photodynamic therapy with ZnPc, MTT assay was conducted. Quantifying the level of caspase-9 gene expression was carried out with qRT-PCR. The statistical analysis was done by GraphPad Prism 6 software.
MTT assay results showed that photodynamic therapy with ZnPc significantly reduced cancer cell growth. The IC50 for cell line SW872 was 0/034 μg/ml in a 24 J/cm2 light source. qRT-PCR results showed that photodynamic therapy with ZnPc increased the gene expression of caspase-9 in the treated group.
Photodynamic therapy with ZnPc resulted in decreased cell growth and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner in SW872 cell lines. Based on the results, photodynamic therapy with ZnPc can be a powerful therapeutic approach for the treatment of skin cancer with minimal side effects.

Any cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil might cause reduction in plants’ yield and increase the hazard of Cd-contaminated plants consumption by both human and animals. The research aimed to investigate the effect of EDTA chelate on Cd uptake in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). A factorial experiment using randomized complete blocks was used in three replications. Treatments included application of 0(C0), 25(C25), and 50(C50) Mg ha-1 cow manure in a Cd polluted soil [ 0(Cd0), 5(Cd5), and 10 (Cd10) mg Cd kg -1 soil] and two rates of EDTA chelate (0 and 2.5 mmol kg-1 soil). Applying 2.5 mmol EDTA chelate caused significant increase in shoot Cd uptake by 21% and 25% in a Cd polluted soil (10 mg Cd kg -1 soil) treated with 25 and 50 Mg ha-1 cow manure, respectively. Also, addition of 2.5 mmol EDTA chelate caused an increase in the root and shoot bio-concentration factor. The results of this experiment showed that applying 2.5 mmol EDTA would increase the Cd availability, which could be considered as a factor that plays an important role in Cd remediation in soils treated with organic amendments.

Since the nonlinear static procedure (NSP) is one of the most prevalent and useful methods for the Performance-Based-Design (PBD) of buildings, it is considered by several researchers during past decades, so that the capability assessment of NSP in comparison with the nonlinear dynamic procedure (NDP) and improving the NSP accuracy are the basic subject of previous studies. Therefore, in this paper several load patterns used in conventional and advanced NSP such as displacement-based adaptive NSP (DAP) and multi-mode interaction adaptive NSP (APAM) are evaluated and the results are compared with NDP responses. Based on modeling assumptions the results demonstrate that the CPA with elastic load patterns cannot predict displacement and story drift for high-rise models. The maximum differences between CPA and APA is almost 7.9%. In addition, the DAP adaptive method presents an almost accurate prediction of seismic demands and it can consider the effect of higher modes on inelastic responses. However, although the APAM adaptive method considers the interaction between modes, but it cannot predict the interstory drift angle at lower stories accurately. This behavior is intensified while the height of buildings increases.

In this study, the trend of mineral uptake by GF677 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) shoots in response to salinity stress was studied under in vitro conditions. Shoots of GF677 rootstock were subcultured into the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing1 mg/l BA (6-Benzyladenine) and 0.1 mg/l NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) at different concentrations [Zero (control), 40, 80 and 120 mM] of sodium chloride (NaCl) with four replicates for six weeks. Mineral uptake was measured in the GF677 shoots every two weeks. GF677 rootstock continued N and K uptake at concentrations of 40 and 80 mM until six weeks. Phosphorous uptake continued in the control and 40 mM treatments until six weeks. Magnesium uptake decreased in the concentrations of 40, 80 and 120 mM. Iron and Zn uptake decreased in the all salinity concentration. Sodium and Cl uptake increased by increasing salinity levels during the six weeks culture. In general, due to the antagonistic effects of sodium chloride, GF677 shoots could continue to uptake nitrogen, potassium and calcium until the sixth week of culture (except for 120 mM) but did not have the ability to uptake magnesium, iron, and zinc.

The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccushirsutus (Green) (Hem.:Pseudococcidae) is one of the serious economic pests of agricultural crops in tropical and subtropical regions.This pesthas spread through Asia, Africa, America and Australia, and infests more than 330 host plants which some of them have the important role in theeconomy. This sap-feeding insect secrets honeydew which provides suitablemedium for black sooty moldgrowth. It also releases a toxin during feeding, which results in severe stunting, decline, and deformation of twigs. It has recorded as a pest on different host plants in southern Iranian provinces since the 1990s.In Khuzestan province, it was first observed on Chinese hibiscus shrubs in urban landscapes of Ahvaz in February 2009. The evergreen hibiscus shrub is very common in the urban landscape of warmcities of Khuzestan province. The severity of mealybug damage to hibiscus shrubs causedto becut off in some regions. As there is no data on the biology of M. hirsutus in Iran,in the present study, the biologyof this pestwas investigatedat different temperatures in laboratory conditions as well as its population fluctuations on Chinese hibiscus shrubs in urban landscapes of Ahvaz.
Biology of the pest species was evaluated at five laboratory constant temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30and 35±2°C (65±5% RH and a photoperiod of L: D 14:10 h) on Chinese hibiscus leaves in plastic boxes (8×6×2 cm). Number ofM. hirsutusgenerations was also studied in clip cages on hibiscus shrubs in Ahvaz urban landscapes within a year. Population fluctuations of the insect were also investigated on those shrubs in two different regions of Ahvaz for 16 months. For this purpose, random sampling was done on five shrubs in each region bi-weekly. Eight twigs, 5 cm in length, were cut from the upper and lower halves of each shrub quadrant and a number of all mealybug developmental stages per twig were counted and recorded.Analysis of duration of different developmental stages was done by one-way ANOVA. For data analysis means were compared using SPSS 20 at 1% significance level. Data were assessed for normality by Shapiro-Wilkinson test in SPSS, and Anderson-Darling test in Minitab15 at 1% significance level.
Total life span ofthe female ofmealybug from egg to death at 20, 25, 30 and 35±2°Cwere 91.18±1.15, 51.68±0.84, 38.18±0.68 and 36.93±0.64 days, respectively. This period for a male was 60.69±1.57, 33.67±0.48, 24.33±0.57and 21.37±0.62days, respectively.No eggs were hatchedat 15°C. The longest and shortest life span of both male and female mealybugs wereat 20 and 35°C, respectively. No female could lay eggs without male and die after amonth. Therefore,matingwas necessary for egg production.However, there are reports of parthenogenetic reproduction in this pest species. An average number of crawlers produced by each female at above mentioned temperatureswere 152.2±6.25, 268.8±7.82, 322.2±6.18 and 240.3±11.86, respectively. The pest produced seven generations on hibiscus shrubs according to clip cage results in Ahvaz the urban area.The average total pre-oviposition period from egg to adult in clip cages in urban area of Ahvaz were 38.67, 34.04, 35.40, 45.21, 39.59 and 67.75 days for 1-6 generations during a year, respectively. Study of the pest population fluctuations showed thatthis pest species overwintered as different developmental stages in crevices of shrub bark. The mealybugs which were hidden in crevices of shrub bark in winter started to occupy the new leaves and twigs in early April.Ants were walking in lines on twigs and around mealybugs in high numbers, indicating the importance of ants in transporting mealybugs from winter shelters to newly grown twigs and leaves in early spring.The moderate temperature in autumn helped the population built up of the pest. Some differencesobservedbetween duration of developmental stages of the mealybug in our study and some previous studies may be arise from the difference in host plants and/or the origin of the studied populations. The 6th and 7th generations occurred in winter with very short developmental time.
Because this pest has a potential for spreading through other Iranian provinces, combining the present results with the previousstudieson this mealybug and its natural enemies’interactions in Khuzestan, may provide a perspective for appropriate control of this pest in Iran.

Steganography is largely used in information security systems. In steganography, the goal is to hide the information such that only the sender and receiver are aware of the communication and information. Steganography is carried out on different media such as image, sound and text. It can be performed in both transform and spatial domains. In transform domain methods, first the cover image is transformed into a different domain using, for example, a frequency transform. Then, the secret message is embedded in the conversion coefficients. In this paper, a new steganography method based on the transform domain is proposed to conceal text in an HSV color image. After converting the image to HSV, it is divided into blocks and the mixed column transfer is applied on each block. The secret message is embedded in the transferred columns. Simulation results and comparisons show the high capacity and increased security of the proposed method.

Potato plant is crop of cool season and in areas where summers are hot and long, well does not grow, As a result of the tender skin that separates easily from the flesh. Chemicals in recent years, their effects on plants, bulbs and tubers, it is a salicylate will be named. So research on plants in 1391 sante potatoes took effect on some quality characteristics of plant combinations salicylic acid be examined. This research in a randomized complete block design with five treatment and four replication in Valik Abad potato farm in Gorgan city. Foliar application of salicylic acid have been used in five level (0, 20, 100, 500, 1000ppm) on experimental plant in five stage every twice a weeks. Results of variance analysis showed that some morphology characters such as shrub height, tuber number in every shrub, all tubers weights in shrub and some quality characters such as leaf chlorophyll value, tuber skin thickness value, tuber firmness value, tuber starch value, A kilogram of weight loss during storage of tubers have been effected by treatments. Maximum level of shrub height, leaf chlorophyll, tuber skin thickness, tuber firmness, tuber starch and tuber weight stability during storage were relative to 500ppm concentration. Maximum tuber number in every shrub and all tubers weights in shrubs were relative to 1000ppm concentration treatment.

To study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations on yield and growth index of strawberry cv. ‘Selva’ in hydroponic conditions, an experiment was carried out as factorial arrangement in completely randomized design with three replications. The culture medium used in this study was a mixture of peat and perlite in a ratio of 70% and 30%, respectively. Treatments included nitrogen at three levels (100, 130 and 160 mg/L) from ammonium nitrate source, phosphorus (50, 75, and 100 mg/L) from potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium (160, 190, and 220 mg/L) from potassium sulfate source. Sampling was done at the end of the fruiting period and data were recorded on shoot dry and fresh weight, leaf area, fruit weight, titratable acid, total soluble solids, yield, and number of fruit per plant. ANOVA results showed that the different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium had significant effects on yield and growth of strawberry. Treatment N160P100K190 produced the highest fresh and dry weight and leaf area. Treatments N130P100K160 and N100P75K220 produced the highest yield with an average of, respectively, 79.27 and 77.77 grams per plant and were not significantly different. Also, treatments N130P50K220, N130P75K190, and N130P100K160 produced the highest weight of fruits with an average of 10.3, 9.38, and 7.65 g, respectively. Titratable acidity and soluble solids increased with increasing levels of the treatments. Treatment of N130P100K160 was evaluated as more appropriate than the others because this concentration produced strawberry fruits with optimum quality and quantity and lower nutrient application levels, leading to lower salinity in the culture medium.

Anesthesia is considered to be the best way to ensure animal welfare during handling etc. Clove oil and electronarcosis are among the most popular chemical and physical anesthetics used in fisheries and biology; however there is a little information available on the effect of anesthesia using direct electric current in fish. In the present study, the impacts of clove oil (30 mg.l-1) and electro-anesthesia (constant direct current, 0.5 v.cm-1) (DC) were assessed in common carp, Cyprinus carpio during narcotic stage in two experimental sets. Experiment 1 was conducted to quantitatively compare induction of anesthesia and recovery time. The biochemical and hematological effects of anesthetics were analyzed as experiment 2. The results revealed that induction and recovery times in fish anesthetized with electric current were significantly lower than clove oil treatment. Significant differences were observed in cortisol concentrations, red blood cells and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration between anesthetic methods. Our results suggest that constant direct current electronarcosis was more quickly than clove oil and associated with lower side effects in common carp.

Breast cancer is a cancer in women with high prevalancy worldwide. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important Pro-angiogenic factors. 䋼 is one of the common VEGF polymorphism which may have an impact on the level of gene expression and over loading of gene products. This study was done to evaluate the association between VEGF 䋼 gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk in north of Iran.
This case-control study was carried out on 50 patients with breast cancer and 50 normal aged-matched controls in north of Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells. To determine the genotype of  C/G VEGF gene polymorphism, PCR-RFLP method was used.
The prevalence of genotypic frequencies of GG, GC and CC in controls were 42%, 48% and 10%, respectively and in patients were 22%, 46% and 32%, respectively (P It seems  C/G VEGF gene polymorphism may be associated with the breast cancer in northern Iran.

In this study 30 fish were caught from 4 species of river fish Shapour River including Chalcalburnus sellal, Cyprinion macrostomum, Capoeta barroisi persica and Garra ruffa in 2014 and after transferring to the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Kazerun Branch were examined in terms of internal and external parasites. A total of 12 species were isolated and identified, including 5 monogenian speices (Dactylogyrus carassobarbi, Dactylogyrus holciki, Dactylogyrus alatus , Dactylogyrus pulcher, Dactylogyrus sp. and Gyrodactylus sp.),1 digenea (Allocreadium sp.), 2 nematod (Rhabdochona sp. and Cucullanus sp.) ,1 arthropoda (Lamprolegna sp.), 1 protozoa (Ichthyophthrius multifillis) and 1 myxozoa (Myxobolus sp.). The results showed that the highest percentage of parasitic infestation was Dactylogyrus and the lowest was Lamprolegna and Cucullanus. Also Chalcalburnus sellal and Capoeta barroisi persica allocated the highest and the lowest percentage of parasitic infection, respectively. Based on the results of this study D. alatus were reported for the first time in Iran.

This article predicts lifetime of high cycle fatigue loading using Chaboche-Lemaitre damage model. The ChabocheLemaitre damage model takes into account mean stress effect as well as compressive stresses effect, making crack to close. In the this paper, a numerical algorithm is offered to integrate this model implicitly and the obtained algorithm is implemented as a user material subroutine of the ABAQUS finite element software. To reduce computation time, Jump-in-Cycles procedure is used based on fatigue loading simulation. To verify the proposed algorithm, a V-notched specimen is chosen under a fatigue loading with different stress ratios, and its lifetime is compared with experiments. Next, an aviation industry part, main rotor spindle of an aircraft blades, subjected to a variable fatigue loading is analysed.

In this research using the DAP method, the higher modes effects under the far and near -fault earthquakes are investigated. For this purpose 5 intermediate (ductility) steel moment resisting frames with 4, 7, 10, 15, and 20 stories have been investigated. The results show that in all the structures being investigated, the higher modes effects under the far fault earthquakes are greater with respect to the near- fault earthquakes. Also, by increase in the structure's height, the effects of higher modes increase. The base shear resulting from the near- fault earthquakes, considering the higher modes effects, has the negligible difference with the base shear resulting from the first mode of the structures.

Behavior factor (R) is one of the seismic design parameters that considers nonlinear performance of structures during an earthquake. In most of the seismic design codes, behavior factor has been used for considering nonlinear performance of structures in linear analyses. The purpose of this study is an evaluation of seismic parameters of structures under far-field and near-field ground motions (rotated to fault strike‑normal and fault strike‑parallel) based on the method presented in FEMA P‑695 and comparing the results with those in the code. Thus, five intermediate steel moment resisting frames with 4, 7, 10, 15, and 20 stories were considered. The capacity curve of each model were obtained by Displacement- based Adaptive Pushover Analysis. All of the nonlinear analyses were conducted by OpenSees. The results state that the behavior factor due to the ground motions used in this study decreases as the structure’s height increases. Average of difference of behavior factor in far-field ground motions and average of behavior factor in near-field ground motions is 6.5 percent and the reason is that the behavior factor in far-field ground motions is greater. Also, the behavior factor in fault strike-parallel near-field ground motions (SP) is greater than fault strike-normal near-field (SN) and the average of this difference for different structures is almost 4 percent.

Aim: Infertility is the failure of a couple to engender after endeavoring at least one year of unprotected intercourse. male factor infertility accounts for approximately 50 percent of causes. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a multifunctional cytokine. TNF-α plays important role in the regulation of cellular processes related to spermatogenesis. There are two variants of the cell receptors that interacts with TNF-α. In the present study, the association of TNFR1 36A/G polymorphisms with idiopathic male infertility in the Guilan population was studied.
This study consists of 106 infertile men and 114 fertile men as control group. Blood samples were taken and genomic DNA was extracted. Then genotypes and allele frequencies were assessed by PCR-RFLP method and the statistical analysis was performed by MedCalc software.
The frequencies of AA, AG, GG genotypes in patients were 41.5%, 7.5% and 50.9%, respectively and in controls were 45.6%, 33.3%, and 21.1%, respectively. The frequencies of A and G in patients were 0.45 and 0.55, respectively and in controls were 0.62 and 0.38, respectively. The results showed that there is a significant association between genotype frequency (p= 0.002) and allele frequency (p= 0.0004) in infertile and control groups.
In conclusion, the subjects with G allele and GG genotype appears to be at greater risk of developing idiopathic infertility in Guilan province. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are required to elucidate the potential role of TNFR1 polymorphism in male infertility.

Development and formation of personality is affected by several genetics and environmental factors. Personality is the base of behaviors and parent-child relations have an influence on child’s personality. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the parent's personality characters with child personality characters given the role of parenting styles.
296 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences selected by Stratified random sampling method were enrolled in this study. Questionnaires were sent in the form of electronic files to emails of participants. Students and their parents completed the NEO Personality Inventory. In addition, Parents responded to Bamrind parenting questionnaire, Then the completed electronic files were sent back to the sender (the researcher). Finally, the data were analyzed by T-test, Pearson correlation and regression.
The relation of Openness to experience of fathers with Agreeableness of Childs had a reverse significance (p Some personality traits of parents correlated with personality traits of children. The relationship of freer and healthier personality traits of parents with personality of children was more than disorders traits such as neuroticism. The relationship of children personality traits with mother’s personality traits was more. The democratic and authoritarian parenting style of Parents also is able to predict some personality traits of Childs. The results of such studies should help Psychologists for better training and parents for better education of children to optimize the formation of personality traits.

Hypotension after spinal anesthesia is a common and potentially dangerous complication, prompt and accurate prevention and treatment of which are of paramount importance. In the recent studies there have been conflicting results regarding the efficacy of phenylephrine and ephedrine in the prevention and treatment of hypotension after spinal anesthesia. Thus, in this study, we purport to compare the effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine in the treatment of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for lower limb orthopedic surgery.
This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 110 ASAI-II patients aged 40-65 years, who were candidates for orthopedic surgery of lower limbs under spinal anesthesia with 3 mL of bupivacaine 0.5%. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 55. After observing 20% fall in blood pressure or blood pressure less than 90/60 mm/Hg, the first group received 50 µg of phenylephrine and the second group was administered 5 mg of intravenous ephedrine. Information concerning the hemodynamic status of the patients was collected and compared..
FINDINGS: Phenylephrine was more effective in the treatment of systolic and diastolic hypotension following spinal anesthesia compared to ephedrine (systolic blood pressure: 119±10.6 vs. 112.35±10.34 nc and diastolic blood pressure: 73.42 ± 6.67 vs. 70.05± 6.15 nc). However, it should be noted that except for 2 and 4 minutes after administration of vasopressor, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. In both groups, heart rate elevated simultaneously with decrease in blood pressure.
The results revealed that phenylephrine was more effective in the treatment of hypotension following spinal anesthesia compared to ephedrine in lower limb orthopedic surgery.