masoud haidarizadeh

Recently, more attention has been paid to the use of complementary medicine in breast cancer (BC) treatment. Juglans green fruit pericarp was found to have anti-cancer characteristics.

We aimed here to assess the possible anti-proliferative effects of methanolic extract of Juglans green fruit pericarp in BC cell lines.

MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were examined with different concentrations of Juglans green fruit pericarp extract. The cell viability was investigated using a 3 - 2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Also, different phases of the cell cycle were analyzed utilizing a flow cytometry method. Finally, the ability of cancer cells to create colonies was studied post-treatment with Juglans green fruit pericarp.

Our findings showed that the methanol extract has substantial cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. We also observed a significant arrest in the G0/G1 phase in cancer cells post-treatment with the methanol extract.

In summary, our results introduced a cytotoxic property for Juglans green fruit pericarp methanol extract for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Future studies are needed to further evaluate its utility as a potential complementary therapy for BC.

Coumarin as a secondary metabolite widely found in plant species. Coumarin with a strong inhibitory effect on germination will be a good alternative for weed control. The mechanism of inhibition effects of coumarin has not yet been well understood. In this research, coumarin effects on amylase activity, electrolyte leakage and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) were studied using factorial statistical design. Results showed that coumarin with a concentration-dependent pattern (0.2 to 0.5 mM) reduced all growth indices. Coumarin had the greatest effect on root length and leaf length of seedlings. The results showed that the species sensitivity and resistance to coumarin are significantly different. Coumarin had no significant concentration-dependent decrease in amylase activity. Coumarin (0.2 mM and 20 mM) increased the electrical conductivity of the solution around the seeds and roots of wheat seedlings. The mechanism of coumarin inhibition may be through its inhibitory effect on the expression of amylase genes.  Increased electrical conductivity in the periphery of the living tissue can result in electrolyte leakage and damage to seed and root cell membranes which is called one of the mechanisms of coumarin inhibition of germination. Some allelopathic properties of coumarin may be attributed to its effect on amylase activity, cell membrane integrity, and stimulation of metabolite leakage in competing plants. Allelopathic studies of coumarin can be used in the field to weed and pest control and have a practical result.

Identifying and introducing new natural antimicrobial compounds against pathogenic agents is of concern to researchers. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the chemical compounds, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of black and green tea.

Aqueous and methanolic extracts of black and green tea leaves were prepared and the compounds of the methanolic extracts were identified by GC-Mass, antibacterial effects were measured by the disk diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) the antioxidant property by the DPPH method.

Caffeine is the main component of green and black tea extracts, and its amount is 82.97% and 86.25% in these extracts, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of green tea extract against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas syringae is significantly three times higher than that of black tea extract. The inhibitory capacity of green tea extract against Xanthomonas campestris and the inhibitory capacity of black tea extract against Pseudomonas syringae is significantly higher than the other bacteria. Many of the effects related to green and black tea can be considered related to the relatively high capacity of inhibiting free radicals. The results of this research showed that the free radical and antioxidant capacity of green tea is significantly one and a half times higher than black tea. The inhibitory ability of the extract against plant pathogens is relatively and significantly higher than human pathogens. Different products and perhaps the waste of black tea and green tea can be used to control harmful microorganisms.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a valuable medicinal plant. This study aimed to compare the chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of rosemary metabolic extract and essential oil against plant and human pathogens.

The compounds of methanolic extract and rosemary leaf essential oil were identified by GC-Mass and the antibacterial effects of essential oil and extract were measured by disk diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rosemary essential oil and extract was measured. Analysis of variance and Duncan's test were used for statistical evaluation of data.

Alpha-Pinene, Verbonone, Bornyl acetate, Camphor, Limonene, Caryophyllene, beta-pinene, beta-Myrcene, L-borneol, Camphene are the main constituents of extract and alpha-pinene, camphor, bornyl acetate and eucalyptol, Camphene, Caryophyllene, Limonene, beta-pinene were the main essential oil of rosemary leaf. Rosemary extract showed the highest and lowest inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli and Xanthomonas compestris. In the case of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas syringe, and Xanthomonas compestris, the results show that the essential oil has the same inhibitory ability against these three strains, and the ability of the extract to inhibit human pathogens is significantly higher than that of plant pathogens. Rosemary extract and essential oil can be used as a solution to eliminating plant and human diseases.

Caffeine is an alkaloid from the family of methyl xanthines. Caffeine synthesis is a protective mechanism of plants against harmful agents. In this study, antibacterial, antioxidant, and caffeine effects on ion leakage, amylase activity and allelopathic effects of caffeine in wheat, barley and sesame were evaluated. The experiment was designed using Factorial method in terms of two factors (wheat, barley, sesame) and caffeine concentrations (0. 025, 0.5, 0.1 and 0.2 mM). The significance of the differences was evaluated by Duncan test. In concentrations of less than 0.2 mM, the sensitivity of these three species to caffeine was significantly different. In Barley Compared to wheat, germination indices (Total germination, Speed of germination and Coefficient of the rate of germination) were more sensitive to caffeine. In this study, caffeine did not showed a significant antibacterial effect. The antioxidant properties of caffeine were also significant. Caffeine (20 mM) increased the electrical conductivity of the peripheral solution of the seeds and root of wheat and barley. The results showed that caffeine inhibits amylase activity, has relatively strong allelopathic effects, a relatively weak antibacterial effect and a significant antioxidant effect. Allopathic and anti-microbial studies of caffeine can be used control weeds and pests and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of caffeine can be used in the pharmaceutical industry. Caffeine Effects study on electrolyte leakage, electrical conductivity and amylase activity will improve understanding the cellular mechanisms of these effects.

Consideration to Natural compounds that have antibiotic and allelopatic effects increased because generally have fewer side effects. Studies on secondary metabolites and biological effects of compounds of other species of the Ferula have been carried out but there was no report about the Ferula oopoda in Iran. In this study, the chemical compounds found in the leaves of Ferula oopoda were identified and measured. Allelopathic effects on total germination, Speed of germination, Coefficient of the rate of germination indices, of wheat and rye seeds were investigated. Antioxidant properties and antimicrobial effects of leaf and root extract of Ferula oopoda were also measured. the aqueous leaf extract of Ferula Opuda significantly reduces total germination, Speed of germination, Coefficient of the rate of germination in wheat and rye seeds. the radical inhibitory potency and the antioxidant potential of the extract of Leaf and Root of Ferula oopoda are comparable to vitamin C. the Relative inhibitory zone diameter of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli due to different concentrations of Leaf and Root of Ferula oopoda extract significantly confirms its antimicrobial effects. chemical composition of the Ferula oopoda leaf extract showed the presence of compounds such as alpha pinin betamircin and caryophylline. Many of the biological effects can be attributed to these compounds. Thus, Ferula oopoda can be a good source for production of natural antibiotics and herbicides the numerous and varied compounds in the organs of this plant also show the capacity to use it for the preparation of new herbal remedies.

Storage proteins which found in seeds of many plants are studied in various fields such as human and animal nutrition, chemistry of protein, pharmacology, plant biochemistry and medicinal plants. The ability of these compounds to cause nutritional problems and toxic effects when used as foods has led to several studies on their dispersion in plants. In this research, seed proteins of wheat (Zarrin variety) have been extracted. The protein of interest was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation method; dialysis and ion exchange chromatography. After purification by Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), electrophoretic properties of this protein were investigated by Sodium dodecyl-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis )SDS-PAGE( method. Inhibitory activity of this Protein against Bacterial alpha-amylase and human saliva were measured using the Bernfeld method. FPLC diagram illustrates the purification and collection of the desired protein. The electrophoretic pattern of this protein with relative mobility of 0.60 and 0.59 confirmed the purification process. Hydrolytic activity of bacterial and human saliva Alpha- amylase decreased by this protein 89.97% and 97.07% respectively. In general the isolation, purification and alpha-amylase inhibition property of this protein which extracted from wheat seed were confirmed in this study. Inhibition of bacterial alpha-amylase by this protein can be considered by agricultural researchers in biological control of parasites and pests. This alpha-amylase inhibitor can also be used to treat diabetes, digestive deficiencies and modify dietary regimens to reduce weight.

The study of various plants in order to identify natural compounds with medicinal value is of interest to researchers. The aim of this study is to identify the chemical volatile compounds of cedar leaf extract, and to measurement the antibacterial effect of Cedar leaf extracts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aurous and its allopathic effect on seedlings of wheat, barley and sesame.The results showed the existence of 16 different volatile compounds in the extract. Di epi alpha cedrene overall (45.85%) and alpha pinene (12. 52%) were the most volatile compounds in the extract. In Concentrations of 50 and 25 (g/ L) leaf extract of cedar, seeds of three species were able to germinate. In wheat and barley, with increasing concentration, length and weight of shoot and root was significantly reduced. In Sesame with increasing in the concentration of the extract a significant change in the length and weight of shoot and root weren’t observed. The results showed that cedar leaf extract has antibacterial properties. It has more inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Percentage inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 27% and 96%, respectively. Allelopathic potential of different volatile compounds of Cedar leaf extracts can be used to produce of natural and environmentally friendly herbicides. Cedar leaf extract has significant antibacterial properties. Its inhibitory effect could be evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria and could be used as a source of natural antibiotics.

Urtica dioica L. (stinging nettle) has been accepted for decreasing blood glucose levels; however, the exact mechanism of its anti-hyperglycemic effect remains to be understood.. We aimed to examine the effects of ethanolic extract of stinging nettle leaves on blood glucose levels and gene expression of Glucose Transporter 2 (Glut2) in liver of alloxan-induced diabetic mice.. Twenty-four male Naval medical research institute (NMRI) mice were randomly divided to three groups. The control group received saline (10 mL/kg, intraperitoneally) for eight days, the diabetic group received three days of injections of alloxan (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) followed by five days of injections of ethanol (20%), and the diabetic + nettle extract group received alloxan for three days followed by five days of injections of the nettle extract (150 mg/kg). Mice were weighed before and after treatments (on days one and nine). On day nine, mice were sacrificed, blood samples were collected for measuring glucose levels and liver was dissected to examine changes in the Glut2 gene expression with the semi-quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.. The results showed that the nettle extract significantly decreased high levels of blood glucose (P < 0.001). The nettle extract also had a preventive effect on decrease in body weight. In addition, the results showed that the Glut2 gene expression was increased in liver of diabetic mice (P < 0.05) and was significantly prevented by the nettle extract in diabetic + nettle extract group (P < 0.05).. It can be concluded that the nettle extract can reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic mice, at least partly, by influencing the Glut2 gene expression in mice liver..

In the recent years, application of microorganisms as green biocatalysts for removing caffeine pollution from industrial wastes and food caffeinated have been extensively considered. This investigation reports on optimization of bio-decaffeination process under growing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using the Taguchi statistical approach. Five variables, i.e. caffeine, Zn+2, glucose, peptone concentrations and time incubation, which have significant effects on bio-decaffeination process, were selected and L16 (44× 13) orthogonal array was determined for experimental trials. Caffeine degradation was estimated by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis. Use of Taguchi approach for optimization of design parameters resulted in about 82.8 % reduction of caffeine in 48 h incubation when 3g/l peptone, 5mM Zn+2 ion and 5 g/l of caffeine are present in the designed media. Under the optimized conditions, the yield of degradation of caffeine (5 g/l) by the growing cells of yeast strain TFS9 has been increased from 25.5 to 82.8 % which is 3.2 fold higher than the normal yield. The improvement of caffeine removal after best conditions were made shows the efficiency of Taguchi experimental design in such studies. Discussion and The current investigation is the first report for successful application of the Taguchi experimental approach to the bio-decaffeination process. According to the analysis of experimental results, the present study proposes the potentiality of the Taguchi approach to enhance the bio-decaffeination performance with the native strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.