masoud lotfizadeh

Ethical principle trainingcan lead to changes in nurses’ behavioral patterns, including anger control. Given the high workload of nurses, more emphasis should be put on virtual and remote approaches to ethical training. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of virtual training of professional ethics on anger control among operating room nurses working in the teaching hospital of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.

The present study was a Quasi-experimental study with single-group before-after design conducted in 2019 on 35 operating room personnel who were selected by convenience sampling. Demographic information and standard anger control questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16, with descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, and frequency, and inferential tests including Independent TTest, ANOVA and Pearson correlation test at a significance level less than 0.05.

Ethical Considerations: 

Written informed consent was obtained from the participants. They were also assured of data confidentiality and their right to withdraw during the research.

Based on the results the mean age of the participants was 30.77±8.17 years. Results showed a significant difference between the mean score of anger control after the intervention (49.54±7.97) and before the intervention stage (104.43±21.37, p <0.001). No significant relationship was reported between anger control and the variables of age (P=0.62), service history (P=0.92) and number of working hours (P=0.74). Also, the mean of anger control was not significantly different according to gender (P=0.12).

The research findings showed that virtual training on professional ethics can enhance anger control. It is recommended that managers and authorities provide virtual courses on professional ethics so that operating room staff can improve interpersonal relations and anger control by increasing their awareness of professional ethics principles.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between age at menarche (AAM) and anthropometric parameters in young female students in Shahrekord, southwest Iran.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in elementary and senior girls’ schools in Shahrekord in 2018. The sampling method was multistage cluster sampling. The 633 students were studied out of 4868 students selected before the commencement of the study. The statistical analysis was done with a one-way analysis of variance, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and the Kaplan-Meier estimate. The checklist was used to collect the participants’ information. All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 24 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA).

The average AAM of our participants was 13.34±0.95 years. Only 8.5% of the 633 participants had reached menarche before the age of 12. In this study, the association between AAM and height (P<0.001) and weight (P=0.007) were significant, while there was no relationship between AAM and body mass index (P=0.91).

This study found that the average AAM was like that found in other studies in Iran and other regions of the world. Furthermore, efficient puberty health education is required for female students, especially those aged 12 years.

The average age of the population and the number of elderly people have increased with increasing life expectancy. This study aimed to investigate the physical and mental health of the elderly in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, which can provide important evidence for future interventions.

This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was performed on 345 elderlies in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 2018. Census methods were used to select the samples according to the type of residence. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS statistic, Chicago, IL, USA, version 22). Descriptive and analytical tests were performed using Chi-square, independent t-test, and analysis of variance.

The mean age of participants and the mean score of their mental health were 71.13 and 55.29 ± 11.57, respectively. Diabetes and hypertension (HTN) (27.8%), followed by skeletal problems (11.3%), were the most frequent disorders in the participants. The findings of the study demonstrated a significant difference between depressive status, as well as anxiety and sleep disorders of the elderly in the home and those kept in the nursing home (P < 0.05).

Overall, the elderly living in nursing homes had more unfavorable mental, emotional, and physical conditions than the elderly living in the home. Therefore, long-term planning to minimize the problems of elderlies is essential. Lifestyle modifications, health education, and screening for this age group are recommended to maintain independence, especially for the elderly in nursing homes.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease can affect all aspects of a person's life. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between stress, anxiety and depression with the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis. MS was performed.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2018-2019 on 245 patients with multiple sclerosis in Shahrekord city. Non-random sampling method was used and data collection tool was Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21) and Quality of Life Questionnaire in Multiple Sclerosis Patients (MISIS-29). The data were analyzed through spss 20 software.

In the present study, only 26.6% of patients experienced high quality of life, and 30.5% of patients had severe to moderate anxiety, 13/8% moderate stress, and 34.2% moderate and severe depression. There was a significant relationship between the stress and anxiety of the patients and their jobs (p<0.05) and also there was a significant difference between the quality of life and the education of the patients (p<0.05). A significant relationship was observed between the state of stress, depression and anxiety of the patients with the quality of life and with the physical and mental subscales (P<0.001).

The results indicated the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with MS, which has affected the quality of life of patients. Therefore, providing suitable interventions to deal with or adapt to these symptoms and ultimately improve the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients seems necessary.

Recently, positive psychology has received increasing importance, and research has shown that higher levels of happiness reduce the risk of mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between happiness and health behaviors in adolescents in Shahrekord.  In this cross-sectional-analytical study conducted in 2018-2019, 428 first and second cycle secondary school students were enrolled and filled out the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Health Behavior Questionnaire. Then, data were analyzed by SPSS.  The mean age of the participants was 15.42 ± 1.59 (range: 12-18) years, and 158 (36.9%) of them were boys. The mean score of happiness was 48.34 ± 18.98 out of 87 (range: 0-87), which is high. The mean score of health behaviors was calculated to be 12.21 ± 1.66 out of 16 (range: 8-16), which is moderate. In addition, the mean happiness score was significantly associated with gender (P = 0.001), education level (P = 0.01), family income (P = 0.001), living status with parents (P = 0.015), and personal estimate of happiness status (P = 0.001). Moreover, the mean score of health behaviors had a significant association with gender, educational district, education level, parents’ education level, birth order, income, and personal estimate of happiness (P < 0.05). Further, scores on happiness and health behaviors were positively correlated with each other (r = 0.391, P = 0.001) and negatively correlated with age (r = -0.139, P = 0.004).  The levels of happiness among adolescent students were relatively good, their levels of health behaviors were moderate, and both of them were associated with each other and with demographic and socioeconomic variables. Accordingly, happiness should be promoted in society, particularly in students, to achieve a higher level of health-promoting behaviors.

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most prevalent heart diseases across the world, including in Iran. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between acute MI and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in patients with acute MI.

In this descriptive-inferential study, 1274 MI patients hospitalized in Shahrekord Hajar Hospital were selected using the census method. The required information was drawn from the patient’s medical records according to inclusion criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square test to examine the relationship between the LDL level and awareness in patients.

In this study, the average age of patients with acute heart attack was 13.79±63.18 years. Of the 1274 studied patients, 78% (999 people) were men and the rest were women. In both male and female genders, most patients had LDL levels between 70 and 129 mg/dL. Regarding statin use, 757, 287, and 162 people had a history of statin use, hypertension (HTN), and cardiovascular disease, respectively. In addition, 150 and 152 people had diabetes and a history of smoking, respectively. In this study, a significant relationship was found between the history of statin use (P<0.0001) and the frequency of MI (P=0.049) in LDL groups.

The results of this research revealed a significant relationship between LDL groups and the number of times acute heart attack occurs as a long-term complication in people who have had one.

To investigate the effects of comprehensive, integrated interventions on dyslipidemia Knowledge and Practices (LIPOKAP) using population and high-risk approaches.

The baseline of this national, multicentric community trial was conducted on three groups: the general population (adults over the age of 18 and their children aged 6-18), patients with dyslipidemia and their caregivers, and health professionals (physicians, nurses, health providers, and health workers). The general population was selected using multi-stage random sampling, while patients and health professionals were recruited using the consecutive sampling method. The research was carried out in urban and rural areas of five Iranian counties. The sampling method and sample size were similar in baseline and post-intervention surveys. Approximately 8-month intervention programs were carried out on the target groups, which generally included educational strategies. The intervention activities addressed the management, prevention, and control and were tailored to each target group, focusing on lifestyle and self-care. 

All questionnaires’ content validity ratio, content validity index, and Cronbach’s alpha were over 0.68, 0.83, and 0.73, respectively. We enrolled 2456 adults and 850 of their children, 3331 dyslipidemia patients, 1699 caregivers, and 1800 health professionals.

The validity and reliability of all developed questionnaires that can examine knowledgeand practice  changes as a result of intervention activities were acceptable.

Quarantine, an unpleasant experience, was implemented in many countries to limit the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which it could associated whit lifestyle changes. The present study aimed to determine the changes in Iranian’s lifestyle during COVID-19 pandemic.

In the present cross-sectional study, 2710 Iranian people completed an online researcher-made questionnaire asking lifestyle regarding COVID-19, which includes five sections about physical activity, stress and anxiety, nutrition habit, sleep disorders, and interpersonal relationship in addition to demographic data from January to February 2021, using the multistage cluster sampling method.

The participants’ mean age was 33.78 ± 11.50 years and 68.3% of them were female. Traveling, sightseeing, and family visits have been eliminated from 91%, 83.5%, and 77.5% of participants’ lives, respectively. There were increase in stress level (P < 0.001), weight of the participants (P < 0.001), sleep problems (P < 0.001), and healthier foods (P < 0.001) but decrease in interpersonal communication(P<0.001) and the amount of physical activity( P < 0.001).

In summary, this study indicates some changes in lifestyle of Iranian people, including changes in some eating practices, physical activity, social communication, and sleeping habits during the pandemic. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, a comprehensive understanding of these behaviors and habits can help develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases affecting quality of life and adherence to treatment. This study aimed at assessing the impacts of an educational program based on the Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) Model on quality of life and adherence to treatment in patients with MI.

The present quasi‑experimental study was conducted on eighty patients with MI admitted to hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2019, which were selected by the convenience sampling and then randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a BASNEF model‑based educational‑supportive intervention including three 45‑min training sessions and three months’ follow‑up individually for each participant. Data were collected by Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI)‑Cardiac Version, Modanloo Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire (MATQ) and questionnaire modified based on BASNEF model constructs. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version. 22 software using the descriptive and analytical statistical test.

The total score of the MATQ and its subscales had significantly improved in the intervention group after the intervention (P < 0.001). The total score of the QLI and its subscales had significantly improved in the intervention group after the intervention (P < 0.001) In addition, the mean scores of the model constructs had significantly improved after the intervention in the intervention group (P < 0.001).

The results of this study showed that applying BASNEF model‑based educational interventions can lead to improved quality of life and adherence to treatment in the patients with MI. Therefore, this model can be used to reduce the complications of MI.

Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) is still prevalent worldwide and may differ in various ethnicities. Due to the presence of different ethnicities in Iran, the Iran-premature coronary artery disease (I-PAD) study aimed to determine the frequency of premature CAD and related risk factors based on each ethnicity.

In this multi-center case-control study, 4000 patients with premature CAD from ten different ethnicities who lived in different cities of Iran and underwent coronary angiography were enrolled (women aged ≤ 70 and men ≤ 60 years). Patients with CAD defined as obstruction equal or above 75% in at least a single coronary artery or left main ≥ 50% were included in the case group, while patients with normal coronary arteries were included in the control group. Lifestyle behaviors, cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometric measurements, and other variables were collected. Serum, whole blood, buffy coat, plasma, urine, stool, and saliva samples were stored.

The number of patients enrolled until April 2020 was 2071. The mean age of patients was 53.51 ± 7.52 and 934 (45.09%) of patients were women. To date, about 39.6% of the patients were normal. Also, about 26.0% were with one-vessel disease (1VD), 15.0% with two-vessel disease (2VD), and 15.2% with three-vessel disease (3VD). More than 30000 patients' biosamples from across the country have been stored.

Knowing the frequency of premature CAD according to different ethnicities with major differences in their lifestyle behaviors and risk factors can assist health decision-makers. In addition, I-PAD biosamples will be an invaluable source. Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease; Ethnic Groups; Risk

Given the importance of effective communication in emergency and crisis situations, the use of a valid and reliable tool is vitally important to assess the health sector's preparedness in terms of risk communication. This study, conducted in Persian, aimed to investigate the psychometrics of emergency risk communication checklist in the public health sector.

In this psychometrics research, initially, the checklist designed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was translated into Persian using back translation method. Subsequently, the opinions of experts in various fields of health education in disasters and accidents were applied to evaluate the quality and quantity of content validity of the checklist items. In this regard, the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) of each item were assessed. Accordingly, the items with the CVI of ˂ 0.62 and CVR of ˂ 0.79 were deleted from the checklist. The face validity of the items was also evaluated. The reliability of the items was estimated in 30 health centers affiliated to Sharekord University of Medical Sciences, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran, using the Cohen’s kappa coefficient by two independent evaluators.

Based on the results of the quantitative and qualitative content validity, eight items were edited, one item was removed, and six items were merged. Cohen’s kappa coefficient between the evaluators was obtained as 0.87 (P<0.0001) which is acceptable. Eventually, a 191-item checklist was obtained and confirmed.

The psychometrically valid checklist used in this study can assess the preparedness of the healthcare sector for risk communication in emergencies.

Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common problems that women experience. Dysmenorrhea brings about psychological problems for women and adversely affects their performance. Therefore, providing, maintaining, and promoting the health of women is an important goal. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between general health and Dysmenorrhea in students of Shahrekord University in 2018.

In the present cross-sectional study, 245 female students were selected by random cluster sampling method from Shahrekord University in 2018. Data were collected using the GHQ28, visual analogue scale (VAS), and a reliable and valid questionnaire designed by the researchers to determine menstrual pattern. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and independent samples t test.

The mean age at menarche was 13.5 years. Dysmenorrhea was observed in 82.8% of students. The severity of pain was measured by the VAS scale, indicating that 22.3% of the participants had severe menstrual pain. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in participants with a family history of Dysmenorrhea was greater and statistically significant. The result of the t-test showed that there is a relationship between dysmenorrhea and the general health of the participants (P=0.036). There was also a significant relationship between menstrual cycle regularity and physical characteristics of the participants (P=0.019). Significant relationships were also found regarding the interval between menstrual cycles and physical symptoms (P=0.026), and depression and general health (P=0.0001).

Due to the importance of dysmenorrhea and its high prevalence among female students, it is important to provide education and control on this disorder to improve the quality of life of women. It is also beneficial to create counseling centers to raise awareness of the psychological health of female students suffering from dysmenorrhea

Micronutrient deficiency in women of reproductive age is considered as a major health problem in many developing countries. Therefore, it is important to prevent micronutrient shortage before pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc (Zn) supplementation on delaying preterm delivery and biometric neonates with suspected preterm birth.

In this semi-experimental study, 140 women with preterm delivery were selected by a gynecologist in the Hajar hospital of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The women were divided into four groups. Then, the serum Zn level of the mother’s blood and the umbilical cord was measured First group had a normal level; Zn level in the second group was between 50-70 mg/dL; in the third group between 20-50 mg/dL; and in the fourth group fewer than 20 mg/dL. Three groups received <20-70 mg/dL oral Zn and the normal group was given a placebo. Next, the serum Zn levels of mothers were measured and recorded at the end of the eighth month and delivery time. Infant anthropometric parameters at birth, 1 month to 3 months were measured as well. Overall, 71 (50%) and 69 (49.3%) infants were males and females, respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical statistics tests.

The average age of 140 pregnant women was 30.39±5.33 years old and their age range was between 18 and 41 years. In addition, the maternal Zn serum level was 56.52±33.38 mg/dL on admission and the serum level on the cord blood at birth was 53.22 ± 66.94 μg/ dL. A significant relationship was reported between the level of serum Zn on cord blood and the maternal serum Zn level on admission with growth in babies at birth and the first, second, and third month (P<0.05).

In general, Zn is effective in children’s growth and the use of Zn supplementation can be suggested during pregnancy.

Myocardial infarction is a prevalent cardiovascular disorder in Iran. Considering the complications of myocardial infarction that affect every aspect of the patients' life, the quality of life of these patients is of utmost importance. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of an intervention based on the BASNEF model on the quality of life of patients with myocardial infarction.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on patients with the first myocardial infarction, who were admitted to Ayatollah Kashani Hospital and Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord, Iran during 2018-2019. In total, 80 patients were selected via convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention consisted of three 45-minute training sessions and three months of follow-up, which were implemented individually for each participant. The control group received routine care. Data were collected using the Ferrans and Powers quality of life questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 18 using independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA.

No significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups in terms of the demographic variables. In addition, the patients had no significant difference regarding the mean score of the quality of life before the intervention (P=0.509), while three months after the intervention, a significant difference was observed in the mean score of the quality of life between the intervention and control groups (P=0.001).

According to the results, the educational intervention based on the BASNEF model could improve the quality of life of the patients with myocardial infarction

Managers are always learning to make critical decisions, and learning organizations emphasize continuous learning to survive in the current competitive environment. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between assertiveness and decision making styles and organizational learning of health managers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive, analytical, and correlational study was performed on 200 health managers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences selected by census sampling. Data were collected using three standard questionnaires of Scott and Bruce decision making style (1995), Gambler and Richie's standard assertiveness questionnaire (1957), and Niefe's standard learning questionnaire (2001). Data analysis was performed on SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, independent t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA and regression analysis.

The mean score of assertiveness (88.24±14.5), decision making style (45.70±9.6), and learning (43.51±7.53) were at an average level. There was a relationship between the mean score of assertiveness with decision making styles and organizational learning (P<0.05). Morevoer, there is an association between the mean score of decision-making styles and organizational decision making, and decision-making styles could predict organizational learning (P<0.05). Furthremore, a relationship was observed between the mean score of assertiveness and organizational learning, and assertiveness could predict organizational learning (P<0.05). Finally, the results were indicative of a relationship between the mean score of assertiveness, decision making styles and organizational learning with some demographic variables (age, gender, type of contract, level of education, and occupational status) (P<0.05).

According to the results of the study, the level of organizational learning of health managers at Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences was related to their assertiveness. Therefore, effective steps could be taken toward the improvement of organizational decisios by familiarizing managers with different decision making styles

Nursing is one of the health care base and nursing services are in effect on ill-health indicators. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between professional behavior and job well-being of nurses employed at two Shahrekord educational hospitals in 2018. This descriptive-analytic study was performed on nurses employing at two educational hospitals in Shahrekord. A total of 269 nurses in both sexes were selected using stratified random sampling method. The Goz standard professional questionnaire for nurses and the Demo and Paschoal Survival Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS22 software using independent t-test, ANOVA, Kolmogorov Smearnov, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and simple linear regression at a significant level of 0.05. Mean age of the respondents was 33.2 years old, 48% were aged between 31 to 40 years old while 3% were aged more than 50 years old, 58% and 42%were female and male, respectively. The average score of professional behavior and job well-being were 17.8 ± 104.5 (moderate to high) and 89.3 ± 12.9 (moderate), respectively. Regression analysis revealed that per unit increasing in the nurses professional behavior, 0.661 units were added to job well-being; and also, there was a significant correlation between "professional behavior" and "job well-being" (R2=0.328). The comprehensive national plan should be designed paying more attention to creation of the necessary infrastructure to promote professional behavior which can be result in long-range consequences of job well-being improvement; also, promotion of job well-being components should be considered.

Maintaining the health of diabetic people depends on the self-management of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of distress, self-efficacy, perceived social support, and self-care with self-management behaviors in the patients with type 2 diabetes. The present analytical-descriptive study was conducted on 228 diabetic patients, during 2016-2017. Most of the participants were male (60.6%) and the mean age of them was 51.95±15.04. The participants were selected based on a simple random sampling method after completing the consent form. The required data were collected through questionnaires of distress, self-efficacy, perceived social support, self-care, and self-management. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0. Out of 228 participants, 77.3% were married and the highest frequency in terms of educational attainment was related to those with a high school diploma. The results indicated that the duration of affliction with diabetes was less than 10-15 years in 88.9% of the participants. Pearson correlation test demonstrated that the total score of self-management had a significant relationship with the total scores of distress, perceived social support, self-efficacy, and self-care (P<0.005). The results of regression analysis also indicated that distress, perceived social support, self-efficacy, and self-care had a predictive power of 0.43% for self-management. Among these variables, the predictive powers of self-efficacy and self-care were statistically significant, and the prediction rate of self-efficacy was more than that of other ones (β = 0.17). The study findings showed that the researchers who want to perform interventions based on cognitive-social theory should mainly focus on self-care and self-efficacy.

Occurrence of celiac and diabetes is accompanied by numerous complications in children and if diagnoses do not occur promptly, celiac disease complications including gastrointestinal disorders, loss of appetite and damage caused by hypoproteinemia, and most importantly, impaired growth occur in diabetic children. this study was conducted to compare the frequency of celiac disease in children with diabetes aged under 15 years and the controls of the same age referring to the clinics affiliated with Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.
In this case-control study, Using convenience sampling, 42 patients with diabetes and 43 patients without diabetes admitted for gastrointestinal diseases were assigned as cases and controls, respectively. The description of all patients was provided, and physical examinations and serologic tests were conducted on them. If the serologic tests tTGA-IgA and tTGA-IgG were positive, the intestinal biopsy was taken. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test, chi-square, and Mann–Whitney U test in SPSS 16.
The mean serum levels of tTGA-IgAæ tTGA-IgG and total IgA were significantly higher in the case group than the control group (P In this study the frequency of celiac disease was higher in children with diabetes than children without. Therefore, in the study area, routine screening for celiac disease is helpful in reducing possible disorders and complications in diabetic children.

Phenylketonuria is one of the most important congenital disorders and an autosomal recessive metabolic disease that can cause irreversible brain damages, mental retardation, and cognitive disorders if left untreated. In order to reduce the genetic abnormalities caused by this metabolic disease, screening programs are implemented. The quality of the program must be properly assessed to achieve the objectives of this program if promoting children's health is of concern. The descriptive-analytic method is adopted here to assess the phenylketonuria screening program in practice in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province since 2012 and analyze the incidence and program coverage. The quality of the screening program is assessed through analyzing the time of diagnosis, beginning of the treatment and the healthcare centers’ facilities with checklists. The parental and the staff awareness is assessed through knowledge measuring questionnaires. Cumulative incidence of phenylketonuria in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province from 2012 to 2015, is 1 in every 6662 live births. The program coverage across the region is 100%. The recorded on-time sampling index before 5 days of age, indicate 84.6 % in 2015 from 80% in 2012. The treatment begun before the newborn 4 weeks was over in all cases. Program sensitivity was 100 %, and its specificity was 99.9%. Staff awareness is fair with no impact on parental awareness. General quality of the screening program is appropriate, and as to sensitivity and on-time curing specificity, higher staff and parental awareness supervision are recommended as well.

Due to significant increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents in developed countries, much attention has been focused on this issue. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nutritional education based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on self-esteem and body mass index (BMI) of overweight and at risk of overweight adolescent girls.
The study subjects consist of 140 female students recruited from two high schools, who were randomly allocated to the intervention (n=70) and control (n=70) groups. The data collection instrument included sections on socio-demographic status, transportation method, physical status, and knowledge and attitudes of the students towards nutrition, which was designed according to HBM. As the intervention, model-based educational program was implemented through six 60-minute sessions, focusing on the overweight and at-risk students. Results were compared in the beginning, and three months after the intervention to find the possible impacts.
Average score of model structures and self-esteem of students in both groups had no significant difference at baseline, but immediately after the intervention and 3 months after treatment, the mean component scores were significantly higher in intervention group than controls (P The positive effect of this program was seen among the participants. Therefore such interventions in schools for developing effective long-term healthy behaviors have preventive and controlling effects on overweight.

Folic acid supplementation had previously mentioned as a protective factor against the onset of preeclampsia (PE). In this study, we aimed to compare the effect of high dose (5 mg daily) and low dose (1 mg daily) of folic acid supplementation on prevalence, onset and severity of PE.

Pregnant women who were in the first trimester and referred to prenatal care university hospitals of Isfahan, Iran during October 2013–May 2015 were included in this study, then they were randomly divided into two groups of 5 mg and 1 mg (treated with daily 5 mg and 1 mg of folic acid, respectively), both groups received folic acid from the first trimester of pregnancy to 42 days after termination. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and some urine and blood biochemistry parameters were measured. SPSS‑22 used for statistical analysis.

A total of 943 pregnant women participated in the study (450 women in 1 mg group and 450 women in 5 mg group). Incidence rate of PE was 3.8% in 1 mg group and 2.4% in 5 mg group. In a comparison of preeclamptic patients in 1 mg and 5 mg group, no significant differences were seen regarding age, BMI, laboratory data, the severity of the disease, and onset (early or late) (P > 0.05).

Although our findings support that administration of high dose folic acid may decrease the prevalence of PE, there is not enough data to support that higher amount of folic acid administration can reduce the severity of presentation’s signs or ameliorate the laboratory data and the onset of PE.

Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of various diseases. This study was conducted to determine the existence of H. pylori in springs and surface water in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.
In this study, 29 water samples were collected from three different locations of Zayanderud River, 24 springs, and two subterranean from June 2014 to August 2014 in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Samples were filtered and DNAs were extracted. Then, the existence of H. pylori DNA was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 16S rRNA, glm and Cag genes.
In the present study, the total infection rate of samples by H. pylori was 24.13%. H. pylori and DNA was detected in 100% of samples of Zayanderud River, 12.5% in springs of Dehcheshmeh in Farsan and Baram in Lordegan, and 50% in aqueducts.
These findings show the existence of H. pylori in springs and surface water in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and additional evidence for waterborne transmission of H. pylori in some environments.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between brain waves and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) score in clinical cases with depression.
In this study, EEG was taken using neurofeedback device at the point F4 of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of the brain of 60 depressed patients referred to psychiatric clinic. At the same time, Beck Depression Inventory was performed to assess the severity of depression. With the condition of artifact lower than 50%, fourty one EEG related to the 41 subjects were remained after eliminating artifact.
The findings of this study confirm the mean decrease in alpha and theta waves and increase beta wave in the brain waves of depressed patients. Comprehensive analysis of the data with a multi-regression indicates a predictable BDI score at F4, based on two variables (mean beta and mean alpha) which reflects the depression increase by increased mean beta and decreased mean alpha according to the following equation: Depression based on Beck at F4 point is equal to: Beck’s depression score= mean beta (0.532)駦 Alpha (0.412).
Due to rapid growth of the elderly population in the country as well as Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, considering the needs of this age group is an important necessity.

The present study describes the epidemiological status of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Iran based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2010 (the GBD 2010), and compares this with those of other neighboring countries.
The burden of STIs from 1990 to 2010 in Iran was derived from a systematic study, namely the GBD 2010, which was conducted by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Using a model-based estimation, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were calculated on the basis of the prevalence of STIs. The GBD 2010 used disability weights, and a mortality rate that was obtained from the vital registration system of Iran. We review the results of the GBD 2010 estimations for STIs in Iran.
The trend of DALYs attributable to STIs (107.3 and 26.47 per 100,000 people in 1990 and 2010, respectively) and deaths (1.13 and 0.12 per 100,000 people in 1990 and 2010, respectively) decreased dramatically in Iran during the last two decades. The majority of individuals affected by STI DALYs were aged 1 – 4 and 20 – 24 years.
Since the majority of DALYs attributed to STIs were observed among those aged 1 – 4 years and young people, the economic burden of STIs will remain high in Iran. Therefore, effective evidence-based planning is critical to allocate the essential budget for utilizing treatment and prevention approaches.