فهرست مطالب mehdi aliyari

Aviation sanctions are among the most widely used and oldest international sanctions. Despite the wide variety and scope of these sanctions compared to other common types of sanctions in the aviation field, these sanctions are considered to be the most effective type of sanctions on the aimed country, which in some cases have led to the isolation and paralysis of aviation in those countries. However, from the law point of view, it has received less attention from scholars than travel sanctions. The purpose of this article is to describe and explain by analytical-descriptive methods aviation sanctions in two fields of Public International Law and International Air Law in order to explain the legal content and nature and the conditions of their legitimacy. But before that, the author tries to define and explain the aviation sanctions based on the procedure of the United Nations, as well as international political actors, including the United States and the European Union, and the rules of International Law. These kinds of sanctions are that adopted collectively by the United Nations or other the International Organization and unilaterally by governments. The final conclusion of the article indicates the incompatibility of unilateral sanctions in the field of aviation with the provisions of the 1944 Chicago Convention, which has the status of the constitution in the international aviation community because it leads to the violation of this international instruments, which in turn is perceived "abuse of civil aviation" according to Article (4) of the mentioned Convention.

The international community was for more than three years embroiled in a health-biological catastrophe caused by Cuvid-19 disease, which has probably spread due to the inherent speed of air transport and has seriously endangered the health of the world's people and unprecedently reduce or stopped all activities, including air transport activates around the world and sent many people into the jaws of death.
Undoubtedly, civil aviation has long been recognized as the fastest means of transportation and commercial transfer within and beyond national borders and it has often been used as a means of appeasing people, especially in providing relief to communities in distress, whether natural disasters, famines, diseases, or wars. In other words, air transport has played two opposite roles in this type of crisis in the last two decades in two different directions: First - to accelerate the transmission of epidemic and pandemic diseases; Second, to play a positive role in managing and controlling disease due to having a previous plan for the readiness and sustainability of global aviation in a critical situation. This paper seeks to explain the above duplicate with analytical and descriptive view with library and field method in the context of
international aviation law. it seems civil aviation effects on control and outbreak of Contagious diseases

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the entry of athletes into the world of politics. The study was conducted qualitatively with a thematic analysis approach. Participants in the interview were selected through purposive sampling. The interviewees consisted ofall experts with scientific background (professors of sports management), executive (managers and sports experts) and sports (professional athletes with a history of political activity). From the analysis of the interviews, 31 sub-categories were obtained, which were divided into 6 main categories: individual and family factors, professional backgrounds, contextual factors, organizational factors, supportive factors and media factors. These issues were summarized in the concept of "factors affecting the entry of athletes into the world of politics’. The results can be used to complete the theoretical foundations of this field. Also, the results of this research can act as a roadmap for relevant organizations and athletes, which will result in productivity in the individual and social dimensions.

By Refer to the International Civil Aviation Convention, known as the Chicago Convention, shows that Civil Aviation can play a dual role in providing or threatening international peace and security. Clearly, the Chicago Convention, in its preamble, recalls the positive role of international civil aviation in “creating and preserving friendship and understanding among the nations and people of the world”, noted that: “abuse the future development of international civil aviation considers as a threat to general security”. Hence, the Convention has not neglected its negative effects on international peace and security. Now, if it is proven that the sanctions imposed on the civil aviation governments sometimes lead to abuse of the civil aviation, the question arises as to whether this is not explicitly considered in Article (4) of the said Convention, a violation of the Chicago Convention and the abuse of civil aviation and as a result, it does not endanger international peace and security? The authors' answer to this question indicates that according to the studies conducted in this article, at first, because of the negative effects of aviation sanctions prevail over positive effect, second, the aviation sanctions have become a tool for violating the Chicago Convention and abusing of civil aviation.

The purpose of this study was to identify the strategies and consequences of the entry of athletes into the world of politics.

The present study was conducted qualitatively with a thematic analysis approach. Participants in the interview were selected through purposive sampling (12 people). The interviewees consisted of all experts with scientific background (professors of sports management), executive (managers and sports experts) and sports (professional athletes with a history of political activity).

In the strategies section, 43 sub-categories were obtained, which were included in the 9 main categories of media strategies, legislation, structure, manpower, planning, evaluation, culture and information, communication and encouragement. In the consequences section, 29 sub-categories were obtained, which were classified into 6 main categories: individual, organizational, social, political, sports and negative consequences.

Relevant athletes and managers can benefit from the results of this research for successful entry of athletes into the world of politics.

According to article 4 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), each contracting State agrees not to use civil aviation for any purpose inconsistent with the aims of this Convention. The preamble also reads that the "abuse" of future development of international civil aviation can become a threat to the general security. This article tries to explain the concept of misuse of civil aviation in the light of the provisions of the present Convention in a deductive method and by presenting a new approach tries to criticize perceptions about its concept so far expressed. Finally it concludes that the application of aviation sanctions that are in some circumstances contrary to the principles and purposes of the Chicago Convention is an example of abuse of civil aviation.

The Olympic Games have a variety of historical and social aspects that one of the most appealing and important areas are gastronomy of Games. This study aims were an analysis on gastronomy issues of the modern Olympic Games from the beginning to the end of the twentieth century. Methodology is Documentary and library. The required information is obtained by collecting, categorizing and analyzing books, articles, reports, sources of Persian and Latin published on the Olympic Games. The research findings showed that the gastronomy issue of the Games from the beginning has undergone many changes in various aspects, including planning, organizing, co-ordination, leading and control and in terms of management, each Olympics has made many progress, and overall research findings are somehow a reflection of the evolution of gastronomy issue in the era of the Olympic Games. The findings also represent innovations in the gastronomy issue of each round of the Olympic Games that hosts in each era make their best efforts to give their culture their culinary dimension to the whole world. According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the discussion of gastronomy major sporting events, including the Olympic Games, has a lot of managerial dimensions and by knowing these aspects, we can manage these events in a desirable manner.