mehdi arjmand

The development of controlled-release drug delivery systems has a great potential to improve the efficacy of anticancer drugs. This study aimed to develop and optimize the production of hybrid lipid-polymer nanoparticles (HLPNPs) for the targeted delivery of melphalan anticancer drugs. Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to evaluate and optimize the effects of three independent variables including lipid, polymer, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) ratios on the nanoparticles (NPs) size and drug entrapment efficiency (EE%). Hybrid NPs were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method. The results demonstrated that spherical NPs were synthesized, and the rate of EE% went up by increasing the polymer as well as decreasing the PVA concentrations. The nanoformulation released melphalan in a sustained and controlled manner (17.39% in a period time of 48 h). Also, cytotoxicity evaluations showed that HLPNPs caused an increase in the efficacy of melphalan against human ovarian A2780CP and SKOV3 cancer cells. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that HLPNPs can be considered as a promising carrier for the delivery of hydrophobic anticancer drugs such as melphalan and the evaluation in-vivo.

In addition to increasing the efficacy of various drugs, Nanoparticles reduce their side effects. In this study, different nanoparticle formulations of doxorubicin anticancer drugs were prepared. The efficacy of the formulations produced in the cell culture medium was studied compared with the free drug.

Reverse phase evaporation was used to form the liposome containing doxorubicin. The graphite nanoparticles were prepared. These nanoparticles were mixed with the liposome containing doxorubicin, and the related Nano-complex was conjugated. Spectroscopy methods for visible light-ultraviolet light and light dynamics differentiation were used to describe nanoparticles. For toxicity of different formulation, MTT and 7-MCF cells were used.

The amount of drug loading in the liposomes was 72%. The largest amount was related to the Nano-conjugated complex and the smallest size was related to the graphene-oxide nanoparticle with a nanometer size. The controlled release in 96 hours and the amount of drug release was 95.43%. Doxorubicin-containing liposome toxicity was 75% and Nanoconjugated complex was 85%, at the lowest drug concentration (10 micromolar). The free drug created 35% cell toxicity in 10 micromolar and 89% in 2500 micromolar.

The results of the study showed Liposomes act as a suitable nanoparticle for doxorubicin. It was found that the effect of nanoparticles of graphene oxide is very important. In the presence of this nanoparticle in the complex, toxicity increased significantly

An issue rose for industrial safety and successful address of crisis involves quick and pragmatic decision that would reduce losses and accidents. This will become practical when in addition to studying of past accidents the industrial executives create the necessary readiness to face risks through precise estimation of the consequences of eventual accidents. The present research concerns modeling the consequences of chlorine gas dispersion in the wastewater installations. The transfer of knowledge and information in this study were gained from modeling the dispersion of chlorine in the water treatment plants, useful for managers and executives. Detection and specifying the risks of chlorine for the public and especially the staff and those residing near the water treatment plant, would result in the appropriate action against this lethal substance, which is the subject of this study. Identification of risks related to foreign agents and their negative impacts on water treatment plants containing chlorine tanks is among the objectives of this study. The modeling and accurate specification of the scope and level of danger created following the dispersion of chlorine was done using the PHAST software, which allowed a clear identification of danger zones created by the dispersion of Chlorine. This text reports the radius of areas affected by chlorine dispersion as well as the results of different conditions after running the model for variable physical and process conditions, and given their availability, these results can be compared with each other.

Aim and The recent discovery about the "miRNA expression is frequently altered in cancer," and since it is now the second leading cause of cancer mortality in human society, it has opened a new direction of research. In the past several years, a very different approach to the development of various methods for the detection of miRNA biomarkers has been used. Over the past decade, an enormous progress has been made in the use of nanotechnology for molecular diagnostics.
Material and For the preparation of gold nanoparticles, a certain proportion of sodium citrate and HAuCl4 3 H2O were combined with each other. The mean diameter of the gold nanoparticles was calculated using the Zeta sizer. The ratios of specific oligonucleotide were added to the nanoparticles, nanoprobes made were exposed to target sequences, and the fluctuations of surface plasmons were investigated by UV-visible spectrometer.
The mean diameter of the gold nanoparticles synthesized was measured by Zeta sizer about 20 nm, respectively. The optimal concentration of oligonucleotide for binding to nanoparticles was about 5pM measured by UV-visible spectrometer. The detection limit of this method for the synthesis of a single strand of miRNA with the 23mer, is about 5pM.
The study showed that gold nanoparticles prepared by citrate reduction method for the detection of miRNA biomarkers by using SPR properties of gold nanoparticles is possible.

In this study, the influence of the parameters affecting the ozone diffusion into the oil compound polluted soil was investigated. The soil was polluted with anthracene, which is a multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbon, was sieved, and its humidity was removed. It was then kept in vessels with closed caps in dark conditions for one week. The considered parameters were soil column height, soil particles size, the amount of pollutant, ozonation time, and humidity. The pilot employed in this study included a vessel containing phosphoric acid diluted by deionized water (pH=2) followed by a cylindrical reactor in Plexiglas type with a diameter of 3 cm and a height of 25 cm. To inject ozone into the soil uniformly, a glass distributor was inserted at the bottom of the reactor. The maximum amount of diffusion and removing efficiency were 83% and 92% respectively. According to the experimental design, it was observed that any changes in the size of the soil did not have any considerable effect on the amount of diffusion, while any changes in the amount of pollutant, the height of the soil column, and humidity had a significant influence on the diffusion. It was also observed that the highest diffusion rate was happened in the initial 10 minutes of the ozonation process. In the next step, by obtaining the equations dominant on the ozone decomposition by pollutants, organic and inorganic compounds, active sites of the soil, and ozone self decomposition, it has been tried to present a model for the investigation of the ozone diffusion into the soil. This model was obtained by comparing the experimental results with the results obtained from the speed coefficients model of the kinetic reactions of ozone with pollutants, organic, and inorganic compounds, active sites of the soil, and ozone self-decomposition.

Existence of thousand tons of animal wastes and sullage in urban and rural areas in our country is dangerous for environment and it causes the increase of greenhouse gases. Growing trend of energy consumption also causes crisis of energy shortage in the world and as well consumption of fossil fuels produces pollutant gases. Thus using clean and renewable energy is an important subject in every country now. One of these energies is biogas energy that not using of it increasing the pollution in urban and rural areas. Production of biogas through decomposition of wastes can provide both a part of energy required and solution to household waste dispose and reduction of environment pollutants. This is a narrative study that investigated how to produce biogas, with an overview of the importance and advantage of using biogas in 1998 to 2014. Current study explains how organic materials decompose by anaerobic bacteria. It also illustrates different technology for landfill gas collection system. The biogas application and advantage of industrial using is also evaluated. It is also offered a model for obtain the rate of biogas production base on first order kinetic reaction.

The aim of this research was to develop a new drug release systems based on Nanoparticles. In this study, the natural polymer chitosan was used for preparation of nanoparticles due to its unique properties, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. The polymeric nano-drug controlled release system has been designed with experimental design D-optimal response surface methodology, for varied variables such as the concentration of acyclovir, concentration ratio of chitosan/ TPP and pH using the ionic gelation method. The nanoparticles were characterized morphologically by scanning electron microcopy (SEM), particle size analyser (DLS) for determining size, zeta and PdI, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy for determination of structure of nanoparticlesand thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA)for studying thermal behavior. The optimized nanoparticles were characterized. The size of the particles was detected to be 132±24.3 nm; zeta potential was 32±2.87 mV; PdI of particles was 0.159±0.05; and calculated EE% was 85±4.38%. An in-vitro release study of the prepared nanoparticles illustrated that the percentage of acyclovir released from the nanoparticles was 80.17±2.45% within 48 hrs. The optimized nanoparticles according to SEM image, exhibited segregated and non-aggregated nanoparticles with sub-spherical smooth morphology and also the high thermal stability of acyclovir nanoparticles at temperature up to 200°C due to TGA analysis, which indicated a well-established structure of nanoparticles.

Aim& One of the chemotherapy drugs used to treat breast cancer is a paclitaxel which may be followed by side effects such as weakening of the bone marrow. It has recently been shown that nanotechnology can be used to further reduce side effects, and increase the efficiency of treatment. The aim of this investigation is to prepare nano-niosomal pegylated paclitaxel and nano-liposomal pegylated paclitaxel nanoparticles for its cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cell line. Paclitaxel by ether was prepared by injection method of nano-niosomal pegylated and nano-liposomal pegylated form. For preparation of nano-niosomal pegylated paclitaxel, specific ratio of Span 60, cholesterol, and polyethylene glycol 2000 Dalton and paclitaxel were mixed. For the preparation of nano-liposomal pegylated paclitaxel specific ratio of phosphatidylcolin, cholesterol and polyethylene glycol 2000 Da and paclitaxel were mixed. Also the dialysis bag method and MTT test were used to check the release and toxicity of formulations prepared. We were able to increase encapsulation amount of paclitaxel drug in niosomal pegylated nanoparticles with a significant amount of liposomal pegylated paclitaxel nanoparticles. Niosomal pegylated nanoparticles average diameter is smaller than the nano-liposomal pegylated paclitaxel. The encapsulation rate was significantly higher in both formulations. This study showed that the niosomal paclitaxel formulation has a better performance than liposomal paclitaxel formulation and apart from nano-carrier, both formulations have the potential of in-vivo experiments and clinical outcome are discussed. By dialysis, drug release in nano-niosome and nano-liposome Paclitaxel formulation within 48 hours was studied. This study showed that cytotoxicity effect of nano-niosome and nano-liposome Paclitaxel is more than that of standard form.

Aim and Paclitaxel is one of the drugs used in breast cancer. Use it as a side effect to weakening the bone marrow and peripheral neuropathy causes. Recently been shown that nanotechnology can be used to further reduce side effects، increase the efficiency of treatment. One of the nano-carriers for drug delivery، are niosomes. In this study nano paclitaxel niosomal with the ether injection methods and reverse-phase evaporation were prepared and studied. Aim of this study use of nanoparticles niosomal containing paclitaxel and cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell lines. In this study، in order to improve the therapeutic effects and reduce side effects paclitaxel، drug with both methods by ether injection and reversed phase evaporation، was preparate nano-niosomal pegilation. Span 20، cholesterol، polyethylene glycol l2000 Dalton، paclitaxel، solution of MTT (0. 5 mg / ml) was purchased from Sigma. Ethanol and isopropanol and diethyl-ether from Merck Co. and culture RPMI 16-40 purchased from Invitrogen Co. and MCF-7cells were obtained from the Pasteur Institute Cell Bank of Iran. After a description of resulting nanoparticles indicated the manufacturing method، combined with polyethylene glycol exert a positive effect on the properties of nanoparticles. We Could encapsulation amount of paclitaxel in niosomal nanoparticles to be dramatically raise. In this study were identified by using nanotechnology and niosomal nanoparticle can be appropriate formulation of the paclitaxel «drug» prepared، Be more effective than the free drug the dosage for treatment is reduced and this reduces the side effects are On the other side، is a low-cost treatment.

Aim and The purpose of this research is to have increased level of stability and fatality rate of cisplatin by application of encapsulation process in nanoarchaeosome. Success of this research is proved by examining the results obtained from MTT tests on Breast cancer cells in MCF-7 cell line. After cultivation of MCF-7 cell line in culture room، fatality rate of encapsulated cisplatin was compared with normal cisplatin by performing the related MTT tests. Output numbers from Elisa Reader explained the death rate of cancer cells. During the MTT tests performed on MCF-7 cell line، effect rate of encapsulated cisplatin was compared with normal cisplatin. Examining the figures resulted from Elisa Reader output numbers، shows that stability and fatality rate of encapsulated drug is extremely higher than normal drug. Nanoarchaeosome is used for encapsulating of cisplatin. This process causes increasing the stability of drug in addition to the rise of fatality rate. This was clearly shown by examining the Breast cancer cells in MCF-7 cell line.

Aim and The main purpose of this research is cisplatin loading on liposome for targeted drug delivery. The suitable loading percentage obtained showed that we have achieved the target. Liposome was extracted from a lecithin source and after dissolving in phosphate buffer the solution was sonicated in bath sonicator for loading the cisplatin on extracted liposomes and resizing to nano scale. Total amount of plating in sonicated solution is known. Platin which exists in solution transparent phase after ultra centrifuge process، was determined with atomic absorption test. By subtracting these two amounts from each other we achieved the amount of platin existed in sedimentation phase. Particles’ size in nano scale were confirmed with zeta sizer. Liposome is known as a new lipid carrier for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. The anti cancer drug “cisplatin”، was encapsulated in liposome to reduce the side effects of drug on other cells and have a more dosage of drug on target cell.

Typical way to effectively manage the safety risk analysis tools to reduce the risk of accidents will be but the chances never goes some events, the algorithmic approach to quantitative assessment of risk and reduce the risk of accidents due to where it is cost-effective gives And economic analysis, resource optimization is required. The purpose of this study, modeling and risk assessment of emissions of chlorine in water treatment plants to protect people and the environment from the toxic substance is stored. In order to model this process, water treatment plants, located in between Jalalyeh Fatemi Square and Fatemi Square in Tehran is one of the jobs in the city, has been studied.