mehdi hassani

Rhizoctonia root rot is a widespread and destructive disease that affects sugar beet yield in Iran and worldwide. In this study, we investigated integrated disease management methods, including the use of resistant cultivars and fungicides, to prevent the development of the disease. The present study focused on the Shokoufa susceptible cultivar and the Novodoro resistant cultivar, and tested three fungicides of Celeste, Uniform, and Maxim. The experiment was conducted under natural and artificial contamination conditions during 2022. The results showed that the Uniform fungicide effectively prevented the development of the disease on the resistant cultivar, resulting in a harvest index of 70.59%. Although this fungicide did not work as effectively on the susceptible cultivar, it still showed better performance compared to other experimental treatments. The Celeste fungicide had a disease index of 3.29 on the resistant cultivar, with 5% of the root surface having ulcers. However, it did not have a significant effect on disease control in the susceptible cultivar, which showed a sensitivity reaction. The harvest index of the resistant cultivar in this treatment was 76.47%, while the susceptible cultivar had a harvest index of 11.76%. The Maxim fungicide and control treatments had similar effects on both the resistant and susceptible cultivars in terms of disease and harvest indexes. Although the severity of the disease was lower in the resistant cultivar compared to the susceptible cultivar, both cultivars showed a low harvest index and were in the sensitive range..

Sugar beet has long-growth period and high-water use. Thus, managing to reduce water consumption and decline growth period causes to increase the crop productivity. Sugar beet provides more than one-half of sugar produced in the United States and about 40% of sugar production in the world. The root of this crop contains 13- 22% sugar content. In general sugar beet also has a major role in the human diet and it is the mainstay parts of the agriculture economy in Iran. The leaves of sugar beet comprise the main light receptor organ for a crop. Leaf area development early during the season causes more efficient use of sunlight since it is important to the formation and expansion of the canopy. Sugar beet in the primary growth stages needs a warm and sunny climate and optimum water supply for optimal photosynthesis and photoassimilate partitioning.

This purpose study was performed in the research field of Hamedan in 2016. The experiment was conducted in a split-split plot based on RCB design with four replications. Experimental treatments were planting date at two levels as main plot (May 14 and June 28), irrigation at two levels as sub-plot (full irrigation and 75% of full irrigation or water requirement), and cultivar at 3 levels (two premature hybrids and the resistant cultivar to Rhizoctonia (Arya)) as sub-sub-plot at 2016 crop season. Studied traits were root yield, sugar content, sugar yield, and Enzyme activities such as SOD, PO, leaf chlorophyll, and some physiological and morphologic traits. SAS software version 9.1 was used to analyze the data. Also, the mean of the studied parameters was compared using the least significant difference test (LSD) at the level of 5 percent probability.

Based on the results of the analysis of variance, the difference between planting dates in terms of superoxide dismutase content, root yield, sugar yield, white sugar yield, and water use efficiency was significant at the level of 1% probability. There was a significant difference between irrigation levels in terms of superoxide dismutase and water use efficiency at 1% probability level and membrane lipid peroxidation content, peroxidase enzyme, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content at 5% probability level. There was a significant difference between the studied genotypes in terms of root yield and sugar yield at a probability level of 1% and in terms of white sugar yield and water use efficiency at a probability level of 5%. The interaction effect of culture date on genotype was significant in terms of the effect on the percentage of white sugar and yield of white sugar at the level of 1% probability. The interaction effect of irrigation levels in genotype was significant only on water use efficiency at the level of 1% probability. The results showed that irrigation level 75% of plant water requirement compared to 100% level increased, hydrogen peroxide content, membrane lipid peroxidation, peroxidase activity and superoxide dismutase activity by 14.83, 25, 17.38, and 26%, respectively and reduced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content by 15%, 12%, and 14%, respectively. Also, the amount of superoxide dismutase activity and root yield on planting on May 14 was 33% and 26% higher than planting on July 28, respectively. Root yield in 33868 and 33872 hybrids was higher than Aria cultivar. The results also showed that the difference between the planting dates of May 14 and June 28 in the two hybrids 33868 and 33872 was not significant in terms of sugar content, white sugar yield, and water use efficiency. Also, the planting date of June 28 increased the percentage of white sugar in both hybrids. Finally, two hybrids, 33868 and 33872, obtained the highest water efficiency in the treatment of 75% of the required water.

In the conditions that there is a possibility of delay in the cultivation of sugar beet, planting two hybrids, two hybrids 33868 and 33872, is recommended.

One of the most important issues in political science is the issue of the legitimacy of governments, which has long been of special interest to intellectuals and thinkers in the political and social sciences. In this regard, it is important to raise the issue of promoting legitimacy strengthens and The more the government continues to be divisive, the less or not paying attention to this issue can weaken and degrade the popular foundations of the government and this issue shows the need for research. This research has been done by the method of content analysis and qualitative performance and is of developmental-applied type and using MAXQDA software (quality analysis software) seeks to find the answer to the question that: that the principles and components of promoting government legitimacy Islamic; What is the basis of the views and thoughts of Imam Khomeini and the Supreme Leader? The results show that after searching and selecting the slips related to the subject, finally from the collection of 100 slips collected, 26 slips with high relevance were selected. These cards are in the framework of five main themes: 1) the principle of word unity and national solidarity; 2) The principle of religious democracy; 3) the principle of social justice; 4) The principle of national authority of the Islamic government; 5) The principle of efficiency of the political system; And 26 sub-components of basic and organizing categorization and thematics are divided.

In this paper we study the number of distinct paths between any pair of vertices in the complete graph Kn+2. First we show that the number of these paths is wn+2 = enn!, where en = ∑n j=0 1/j! is the partial sum of the series representing the number e. Then we obtain an integral representation, similar to the integral representation of the Gamma function, for en. By using this representation we get an asymptotic expansion for wn+2 as follows wn+2 = en! − r∑ k=1 ck nk + O ( 1 nr+1 ) , where r ≥ 1 is any fixed integer and the constants ck are computable. Moreover, we show that the constant of O-term does not exceed e2Br+1, where Br+1 denotes the r + 1-th Bell number.

The subject of this paper is to study distribution of the prime factors p and their exponents, which we denote by vp (n!), in standard factorization of n! into primes. We show that for each θ > 0 the primes p not exceeding nθ eventually assume almost all value of the sum ∑p⩽nθ vp(n!). Also, we introduce the notion of θ-truncated factorial, defined by n!θ =∏p⩽nθ  pvp (n!) and we show that the growth of log n!1/2 is almost half of growth of log n!1.

The PX330 and the related PX459 plasmids are widely used for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Screening for plasmids containing the correct sgRNA template insertion is one of the most important steps in this system. Different methods for screening the sgRNA inserts have been deployed. One such method is Restriction Enzyme (RE) mapping. Restriction enzyme mapping can be used to screen for numerous plasmid recombinants simultaneously.

In this study, the sgRNA templates were initially cloned into the above PX459 plasmids. Subsequently, the accuracy of the constructs was determined by RE mapping.

This method was established to screen for sgRNA-bearing PX459 plasmids. However, numerous anomalies were detected after ligation of sgRNA templates into RE digested PX459 plasmids.

Our data suggest that RE mapping is only appropriate as an initial screen and that the identity of all plasmids with the correctly identified RE maps should be confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is known as an important regulator of the immune system and inflammatory response. Studies have reported that this miRNA is dysregulated in autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A functional analysis demonstrated that rs531564 (C>G) affects the biogenesis of primary microRNA transcript-124 (pri-miR-124) and changes the expression of mature miR-124. In the present study, for the first time, we intended to evaluate the possible association between rs531564 polymorphism with SLE and RA risk.  In this case-control study, 110 patients with SLE, 115 patients with RA, and 120 healthy subjects were enrolled to evaluate rs531564 genotypes with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) high resolution melting method. Our findings demonstrated that frequency of GC genotype and G allele were considerably higher in the control group than RA patients, demonstrating that that GC genotype and G allele have a protective effect for healthy individuals (GC vs CC; OR: 0.29; 95%CI [0.12,0.67] and G vs C; OR: 0.42; 95%CI [0.23,0.78]). However, no significant correlation was confirmed between allele and genotype frequencies of rs531564 with SLE risk (p>0.05). However, the G allele in rs531564 polymorphism was associated with serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), anti-dsDNA antibody, C3, C4, and creatinine, and frequency of renal involvements in SLE patients (p<0.05). Moreover, in RA patients, the G was correlated with lower concentration ESR and CRP (p<0.001).  Our findings propose a considerable association between rs531564 polymorphism in the pri-miR-124 gene with susceptibility and clinical characteristics of RA and SLE in the Iranian population.

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between time management and information literacy and anxiety of research in teacher researchers of Ardabil. In this descriptive/ correlational study, the statistical population included 344 teacher researchers of Ardabil in academic years of 93-94, out of which 181 persons were selected as the sample by employing stratified random sampling method of Kerejsi and Morgan table. To collect data, the researcher used Hashemizade et al.'s (1385)  questionnaire of time management, Duel's (1994) questionnaire of information literacy and Higins and Kutrlic's (2006)  questionnaire of research anxiety. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by professors and experts. In addition, the reliability measures through Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient were obtained (i.e. time management questionnaire (0.83), information literacy questionnaire (0.89) and anxiety of research questionnaire (0.35). Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used to determine the normality of data distribution. The data was analyzed by employing descriptive statistics methods (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and referential statistics methods (one sample t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regressions).  The results indicated that the teacher researchers' time management and information literacy values were meaningfully higher than the mean and their anxiety of research was meaningfully lower than the mean. Also, there was a meaningful negative relationship between the participants' time management, information literacy and the components of these two on one hand and the subjects' anxiety of research on the other hand. The findings of multiple regressions suggested that there was a meaningful reverse predictor relationship between their time management and anxiety of research on one hand and their information literacy and research axiety on the other hand. More specifically, the components of interpretation, combination and use of information, out of the seven components of information literacy, showed a meaningful reverse predictor relationship with anxiety of research.

The rapid growth of computer games, has taken a major part of teenagers leisure time. The improper and overuse of these games, can be considered as physical, mental and social threats. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between playing computer games and students’ aggression and academic progress. In this cross- sectional study, 292 students in grade 3 of Kerman middle schools were selected through multistage sampling method. Data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire as well as Buss & Perry Questionnaires. Data analysis was done through SPSS20 and using t-test, chi-square and ANOVA. Mean aggression score was 77.71±18.25. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between academic progress and aggression in users of computer games. Weak students had a higher mean aggression score. Agression showed significant relationshipwith playing computer games (P=0.004), duration of playing (P<0.001) and the type of game (P=0.003). Users who had played more than one hour during a day and aggressive and military games showed higher mean aggression score, but there was no significant relationship between academic progress and variables of playing computer games, the type and duration of playing. According to the results of this study, planning strategies and policies for the purpose of optimum use of technology as a modern co-educational media seems to be required. Also using measures for designing educational games that can increase the creativity and the ability of problem solving is suggested.

High performance research activity in the health domain is crucial to overcoming ever-growing health-related problems. Despite availability of data sources, only a limited number of researchers use these data to derive health-related information. Thus, the present study aimed at exploring the barriers to research promotion as perceived by the university health research experts. In this cross-sectional study, 261 health experts from Kerman University of Medical Sciences were selected using census method. Data was collected using a questionnaire containing questions related to personal and organizational research barriers. Data were summarized using descriptive statistical methods. The survey found lack of research advisors and sufficient facilities, lack of motivation, lack of expert librarians, limited budgets and poor cooperation of internal executive units were the as the most important organizational barriers. In addition, limited time and heavy work overload, limited knowledge of statistics and research method, and family responsibilities were identified as the most important personal barriers. The wide range of barriers to research activities in health domain calls for comprehensive revision of current policies in the area of health research to boost the research activities. The diversity of the barriers identified highlights the need for a systems and holistic approach to health research promotion.

The asymptotic behaviour of the sequence with general term Pn = (φ(1) + φ(2) + _ _ _ + φ(n))/(1 + 2 + _ _ _ + n), is studied which appears in the studying of coprime integers, and an explicit bound for the difference P_n-6⁄π^2 is found.

The economic sanction of West against Iran has a historical background. Of course, it became more severe and harsh after the Islamic Revolution. (History) Lack of systematic comparison of the two great phenomena of economic sanction before and after the Islamic Revolution has caused the shortcomings and outstanding features of political and resistance economy to remain vague. (Problem) Nevertheless, some works have been separately written about each of them, but there is not a research to compare them together. (Background) Therefore, the present article seeks to answer this question that: By comparing political economy of the 1950s and resistance economy of the 2010s which of the two kinds of economies would be effective in economic sanctions of West? (Question) The government of Mosaddeq was more inclined to help from outside the country to pass economic sanctions, but the Islamic Republic of Iran tries to find a way out of sanctions by relying on internal capacities and economic strengths. (Hypothesis) The article aims at presenting the best method for the transition stage from economic sanction. (Objective) Reaching the elements and indices as well as the features of these two kinds of discourse and analyzing them by using a comparative method reveals their efficiency and inefficiency. (Methodology) The impact of religious and evolutionary teachings and presenting the political guidelines of religious leaders in efficiency of resistance against sanctions of the imperialist system and development of the country and failure of the enemy are from the findings of the present article. (Findings)

Star tracker is an attitude determination device which determines the satellite or spacecraft’s attitude using the star position information in inertial and body references. Star information is collected and stored onboard as a “Star or mission catalog”. There are several star catalogs that contain different kinds of information with different accuracy. In this paper the most used star catalogs are introduced and a few star catalog selection features are recommended. These features are weighted according to the star tracker mission type. For the selected star tracker mission, results demonstrate that Hipparcos star catalog is the best choice. Eventually using Hipparcos star catalog, a mission catalog is developed to be used onboard a typical star tracker.

AIDS is one of the most important causes of mortality throughout the world, due to lack of an effective treatment and vaccine. Control of this disease is possible through improving public awareness and teaching prevention, especially to the youth. The aim of this study was to determine the public’s awareness level about AIDS in order to perform educational programs based on the real needs of the community. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 individuals visiting the Police Exhibition in Kerman, Iran, in 2010, volunteered to participate and entered the study. Data gathering was done by a questionnaire consisting demographic features and awareness testing items with sufficient validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and Pearson’s coefficient correlation. The mean awareness score was 38.7 ± 8.7 from 59. Awareness level was poor in 16.7%, moderate in 61.0% and good in 22.3%. Awareness score showed significant relationship with gender, job and educational level. Women, housekeepers and people with above diploma education had higher scores. There was no significant relationship between the awareness score and age or marital status. According to the results, the awareness level of AIDS transmission routes and prevention is average and not desirable in our community. Therefore, more focus on educational programs is needed to improve the health level of the society and to keep their knowledge at a desirable rate

Non-Dimensional star pattern recognition is a novel algorithm which an overall system error analysis in order to determine its robustness is not performed for it so far. Although the mentioned algorithm is independent of Focal length and optical offset variations, its operational effect of bright point coordinate variations. The results demonstrate that the non-dimensional algorithm performance is pretty fragile in the presence of a common 0.1 pixel error, which makes the algorithm unable to perform onboard Nasir 1 star tracker. Eventually the algorithm was modified and the results show great improvements.

Domestic violence is the most common form of violence with the highest rate of frequency, lowest rate of report to the police, and highest psychological, social and economic complications and its reduction is a general health priority. The present study was performed to determine the frequency of domestic violence, and its related variables in the city of Kerman. In this cross-sectional study, 20 clusters each consisting 20 households were selected through cluster sampling and by using postal codes from among families in the city of (located in south east of Iran) Kerman. 400 married women were examined ultimately. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 92%. Data obtained from the questionnaire were completed using an interview and analyzed using chi-square test. Altogether, 46% of women had been exposed to various types of domestic violence by their partners, including psychological violence (78.6%), physical violence (55.6%), sexual violence (28.6%) and economic violence (34.7%). Domestic violence showed direct relationship with husband educational level (p=0.001) and the wife (p=0.004), husband’s job (p=0.01), living in rural areas until the age of 20 (p=0.002 for males and p=0.023 for females), addiction of husband (p=0.001) and wife (p=0.003), and living with other family members (p=0.001). From the point of view of violence-stricken women, the most prevalent causes of violence were a poor economic state (25.4%) and husbands’ job (8.9%). Considering the results for the prevalence of domestic violence and its related factors, reinforcing skills such as stress management, anger control and creative thinking, methods of dealing with challenges and difficulties of married life through training couples is highly recommended, in order to reduce the rate of violence and establishing a calm familial environment.