mehdi komaki

Adrenal cysts are very rare, and their prevalence has been reported at 5-6% in the clinic. Adrenal cysts comprise 1% to 22% of incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Given the rarity of adrenal cysts and their asymptomatic occurrence in some patients, in this study, a patient with an adrenal cyst referred by weight gain is introduced.

A 49-year-old female patient referred with a complaint of abdominal swelling and gradual weight gain since a year ago. In ultrasound examinations, she was found to have an abdominal mass of unknown origin. In the computed tomography (CT) scan with and without contrast of the patient, the image of a 32 × 28 × 40 cm cyst with a thin wall and transparent contents in the pelvic area showed the appearance of an adrenal pseudocyst, which has caused a pressure effect on the right kidney and its displacement to the left retroperitoneum. According to laboratory tests and repeated visits, the patient underwent surgery with a possible diagnosis of adrenal mass. The patient's complaints were resolved after the surgery.

In general, the present study was related to adrenal cysts with uncommon manifestations. The diagnosis was made with the help of a CT scan before the surgery, and the patient's surgery was performed without any major or minor complications. However, if the centers are equipped with the appropriate skills and facilities, laparoscopic management of these patients is suggested.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. In some studies, vitamin D deficiency has been reported in patients with bladder cancer. Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of bladder cancer by disrupting the responses of bladder wall cells to abnormal cells.

This case-control study included 226 patients with gross hematuria who were referred to the urology clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan. The patients were divided into two groups of patients (n=76) with bladder cancer (case group) and those (n=150) without bladder cancer (Control group). The data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 16) and at a confidence level of 95%.

The mean serum level of vitamin D in the case and control groups was obtained at 23.78 and 27.20 ng /mL, respectively (P=0.69). In total, 50% and 34% of patients had moderate and severe vitamin D deficiency in the case and control groups, respectively (P=0.020). The mean tumor size was 2.66 cm and 4 cm in moderate and severe cases of vitamin D deficiency, respectively (P=0.007).

Vitamin D deficiency is also associated with increased tumor size in patients with bladder cancer, other than increasing the chance of developing bladder cancer.

Vitamin D plays an important role in the health, survival and fertility of humans, This Vitamin has a significant role in calcium homeostasis and cellular growth and facilitating normal immune system function. In recent years, the role of vitamin D in various diseases has been highlighted. Regarding high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran, The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and status of vitamin D of Hamadan. A cross-sectional descriptive study in a one-year period, 7816 patients were referred to the laboratories of Shahid Beheshti and Farshchian Sina Hospitals of Hamadan Were investigated. The data was analyzed using R-version 3.2.3 and at a significant level of 0.05. The modified effect of age and sex factors on vitamin D level was investigated using logistic regression model. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 0.69 in Hamadan province. 20.2% had severe deficiency (less than 10 Ng/ml) vitamin D, 20.5% moderate deficiency (10 to 20 Ng /ml), 28.6% mild deficiency (20 to30 Ng/ml), the prevalence of this deficiency was 46.7% in men and 38.7% in women. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between sex and age with vitamin D levels (p-value <0.001). Based on this study and other studies, vitamin D deficiency is common in Iran and requires further investigation to improve the quality of life and prevent complications from deficiency of this essential vitamin.