mehran falaknaz

 Heavy metals refer to a group of metals or semi-metals whose atomic density is greater than 4 or 5 grams per cubic centimeter. What has caused concern about environmental pollution today is the accumulation of the chemical waste in the soil. Although copper is a micro-element for plants, it is toxic at high concentrations. This element causes structural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in plants. Today, the phytoremediation technique is used as a suitable method for cleaning and removing water, soil, and air pollution. More than 400 species of overgrown plants have been identified. Studies have shown that Aegilops tauschii is a drought-resistant plant. Since, the stress of heavy metals can cause secondary drought stress.

This research was performed to investigate the effect of the heavy metal copper on some physiological, morphological, and biochemical parameters of Aegilops tauschii. Therefore, the effect of different concentrations of copper (zero, 5, 25, and 125 micromolar) was studied on the physiological, biochemical, and morphological characteristics of 37 genotypes of Aegilops tauschii in the greenhouse condition.

 The results showed that increasing copper concentrations decreased the amount of chlorophyll b, carotenoid, cell membrane stability, seed diameter, relative leaf water content, leaf retained water and single plant yield; while total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, carbohydrate, proline, relative leaf water loss, root length, and root weight increased significantly. In terms of biochemical parameters, Genotypes 11, 58, and 85 with the highest values of morphological, physiological, and biochemical indices were resistant to copper. Among the mentioned genotypes, Genotype 58 with the highest yield as a resistant genotype, and Genotype 23, 28, 30, 52, 99 and 123 were subjected to copper stress more than other genotypes based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical indicators, among which Genotype 99 with the lowest yield could be introduced as the most sensitive genotype.

According to the results, it seems that some genotypes of Aegilops tauschii were resistant to the heavy metal copper. Resistant genotypes could be recommended for phytoremediation in copper-contaminated areas.

To investigate the impact of important micronutrients including iron, manganese and Biomax (complete fertilizer) on growth characteristics, performance and proteins of soybean (Williams cultivar), a study randomized complete block design with three replications and five treatments (control, iron, manganese, iron/Mn and Biomax) were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University. In this research, the amount of fertilizers was based on soil tests and was applied before and after flowering. The results of this research showed that in soybean plants, for the use of micronutrient elements, there is a significant difference in traits, plant height, the distance between the crown and the first sub-stem, stem diameter, the number of pods in the sub-branches, the number of pods per stem, the number of pods per plant, protein mg/pr and yield. There was no significant difference in pod length and number of seeds in pod traits. The comparison table showed that for most traits of all micronutrients, Biomax fertilizer had the greatest effect.

The drought and its effect are the most important and common environmental stress that has limited agricultural production in the world. One of the useful strategies of crop breeding for drought resistance is maintaining and exploiting the diversity of their germplasms. To identify drought tolerant sources, 125 Aegilops tauschii genotypes in an augmented designwith three replications under twocontrol (supplementary irrigation in three stages of jointing, flowering and seed filling) and drought stress (without supplementary irrigation) conditions were cultivated and evaluated based on tolerance indices. Correlation coefficients between yield and tolerance indices showed that the indices ofmean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity(GMP), stress tolerance index(STI) and tolerance index (TOL) were suitable for identifying high yielding genotypes under both stress and non-stress conditions. Based on these indices, genotypes 50, 55, 58 and 65 were identified as the most tolerant genotypes and genotypes 45, 34, 3 and 9 as the most sensitive genotypes. Cluster analysis based on tolerance indices using between-group average method (UPGMA) classified the studied genotypes into seven different groups. Genotypes number 50, 55, 58, and 65, with the highest values for above mentioned indices, were placed in two groups three and five. Finally, according to the results of different analyzes, genotypes number 50 and 55 were identified as the most tolerant genotypes, which could be considered as suitable genetic sources in wheat breeding programs for drought tolerance.

Aim and Salinity is one of the main factors limiting the production of crops. On other hand, reducing rainfall and increasing excessive heat in the past few years has led to more evapotranspiration and increased salinity effects in reducing yields. Increasing the consumption and economic value of medicinal plants, including Basil, is essential for research on the limiting factors in planting these plants in the country. Due to the contamination caused by chemical fertilizers and the high energy consumption for their production, bio-fertilizers can be a good alternative to chemical fertilizers. The present study deals with the effect of Azospirillium bacteria on physiological and morphological characteristics of Basil's medicinal plant under salinity stress
Material and This experiment was conducted in May 2011 in Greenhouse of College of Agriculture in the University of Ilam. The experiment was factorial based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 4 salinity levels of 2,4,6 and 0 (ds / m) and 2 levels of presence and absence of bacteria
The results of this study showed that with increasing levels of stress, most of the traits are affected. The plant was lower at lower levels, but at 4 dS / m and 6 dS / m levels, the yield was significantly reduced. Increasing levels of stress reduced the height of root dry weight, root length and biomass weight, and also it reduced the number of leaves, sub branch and chlorophyll a, b and ab. Also, salt stress increased levels of nitrogen, protein and proline by increasing salinity levels.

Aim and The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of Bio fertilizer (Azosprillium spp bacteria) and Salicylic acid on growth and development characteristics of Ocimum basilicum L. plant under water stress. The experimental design was factorial arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Treatment were combination of 3 levels of water stress (100% FC as a control، 60% FC and 30% FC) and Bio fertilizer (inoculated and non-inoculated) and Salicylic acid (0 as control and 0. 75 mM). Data variance analysis showed that morphological characteristics was significantly (p<0. 05) affected by drought levels، Salicylic acid، Bio fertilizer and their interaction. The effects of various treatments on shoot and flower number، dry and fresh weight of root and shoot، Relative water content (RWC) and electron leakage was significant at 1%. Application of salicylic acid and Azosprillium inoculation increased growth and development of Basil under water stress.

Aim and The Wdhn13 gene codes the LEA 2 protein family. LEA proteins were identified and discussed in wheat and cotton as a proteins cumulative first time in the late embryo period. The primary structure of LEA proteins، including early charged domains and non-charged of polar amino acid residues non hydrophilic is that LEA proteins are being implicated on hydrophilic. in this research، the Phylogenetic and bioinformatics relationship of Wdhn13 in 8 wheat species was investigated. The HindIII (AAGCTT)، AluBI (AGCT) and TaqI (TCGA) restriction enzyme were used for molecular analysis and by biological CLC main workbench 6 software the Insilco and out of vitro were applied in sequence Phylogenetic analysis result based on UPGMA algorithm showed that studied wheat species were divided into 3 clusters. The first cluster includes 4 wheat cultivar NCBI database’s sequence، T. aestivum CV Sardari، T. durum CV shosh، T. durum CV borojerd. The T. urartu was located in the second cluster alone. The third cluster includes T. aestivum CV gonbad and T. dicocoides. The results indicated a relationship among some wheat species.

Aim and background. LEA proteins in wheat and cotton were identified and discussed as the first report in late embryonic proteins. Public classification for more LEA genes was inferred from the structure of the protein domain or chemically derived characters. Bioinformatics methods in genome research methods are useful in situations outside the laboratory. Material and Methods. In this study, LEA proteins for Wdhn13 genes in 8 wheat and wild wheat (including Triticum aestivum cv. Sardari, aestivum gonbad, durum Shosh, durum borojerd, urartu, dicocoides, tauschii and speltoides) were used and sequences from Wdhn13 was compared with Single gene sequences of Wdhn13 in NCBI Results. The result of analysis showed that the Wdhn13 gene sequences in Sardari wheat were the most similar to the sequences in NCBI and the Wdhn13 gene sequences in urartu have the lowest similarity to the sequences in NCBI one. This difference is due to amino acid changes in the DNA sequence of samples. BLAST and Phylogenetic tree drawn from DNA sequence based on the UPGMA algorithm also confirmed this result. The Phylogenetic tree drawn with the logical evolution of the gene for the derivation of diploid species, and hexaploid, tetraploid was indicated. The table of sequence also confirmed that the sequence of the BLAST results and Phylogenetic trees are consistent over the time. Conclusion.The main result of this study was that given the amplification of target gene on the genomes of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species including genome AA and non-amplification on Species speltoides (BB) and tauschii (DD), it can be concluded that there is a target gene on the AA wheat genome.