فهرست مطالب mehrdad aghaei

The characters of each story are chosen by the author and they play a role in the story. In general, it can be said that the story is a slice of reality and fantasy created and elaborated by the author's mind. An important part of characterization is the borrower of a set of elements that the author of the story takes advantage of in order to create the desired work. The novel "Tooq al-Hamam" by Raja Alam, a female Saudi novelist, has a socio-religious reflection, the events of which take place in the two cities of Mecca and Madrid. This novel has a high artistic position in terms of characterization. Raja Alam has used the method of dialogue and description in the characterization and introduction of the characters in his novel, and the characters in the story are mostly complementary characters. The religious and imaginary atmosphere of the story, its attractive structure, chases and arguments, have kept the reader's desire to continue the story. The temporal, spatial and logical order of the events in the introduction of the characters is more or less stable in such a way that sometimes the surprising events of a character disrupt the temporal and spatial arrangement of the story. The formal structure of the story is divided into two parts with two separate places but repeated and sometimes new characters, only with a different identity of "Ezzah". In examining the characterization in this novel, the author considers the preservation of the identity of this place to be the main concern of the narrative by placing the focus of the narrative in Mecca and the events that take place in this holy space. This research aims to investigate with an analytical-descriptive method how the types of characterization have caused the order, continuity and arrangement of different parts of the story "Touq al-Hamam". One of the results of this research is that the mind of the narrator and the character of the story and the subject have a harmonious and coherent connection, and this coordination is for the purpose of realizing and establishing the main goals, and its main content, which is about the history of Mecca and the customs of its people, is strengthened and emphasized with these connections. will be The thoughts and mental images of the story often have a certain integrity and structure. Among the salient features of this novel, we can mention the attention to the element of time, the relationship between the author and the reader, and the central character instea.

The ancient root of comparative literature or parallel literature in the history of Persian and Arabic literature has not been hidden from any researcher of this bilingual literature, especially in the field of prophetic praises since ancient times. The praise of the Holy Prophet of Islam (PBUH) is a legacy of the common religious sentiment and thinking of Islamic writers, especially between the civilizations of Iran and Arabs. Even the long time of living between the poets of Wadiban has not been able to make these common and remarkable aspects and themes in their poems become forgotten. The poems of these two poets, considering The religious and religious background of both of them, in spite of living in different eras, and with a long time gap, has a common aspect, especially the teachings of the Holy Prophet of Islam. The comparison of the poems of these two poets is based on prophetic praises and common themes such as the birth, morals and creation of the Prophet (PBUH), the position and status of the companions and family of the Prophet (PBUH). , the Kausar pool, miracles and influence from the Qur'an and prophetic hadith and attention to Jesus the prophet can be compared and measured. with the difference that although Khaqani does not have a Sufi profession, he has a special skill in creating meanings and using various words of Sufi literature, and most of his descriptions are short and concise. However, in most cases, Shoghi expresses the matter in a simple, clear and concise way in his prophetic praises. A comparison compares the poems in Shoghi Diwan and Khaqani Batkieh on their prophetic praises, in order to show the commonalities and differences of these two famous poets in the way of speaking.

One of the most important principles of teaching is that the teacher teaches in such a way that the level of the material presented is not difficult and incomprehensible. The teacher, as a facilitator in the matter of learning, can, through new and innovative methods, stimulate the flexibility and humor of the context to increase self-confidence in students and stimulate their curiosity. Teaching creativity to learners is one of the most important goals of education professionals. This article examines creative teaching methods with qualitative approach and analytical-descriptive method. The results of this research show that some of the most important solutions in the field of Arabic language education include revising the field of training and learning Arabic in the national curriculum with the approach of emphasizing the communicative role of the Arabic language in textbooks, revising and reforming the process of training special human resources. Teaching Arabic language, holding specialized and face-to-face teacher training courses, assigning books to practical conversations. Based on the findings of this research, the most important challenges of teaching Arabic in Iranian schools include issues such as the lack of human resources for teaching Arabic, the traditional method of teaching Arabic, the dominance of grammar and core rules in teaching Arabic, the lack of visual and auditory teaching aids, and Multimedia tools, lack of correct explanation of the objectives of Arabic language education, inappropriateness of Arabic language course evaluation method and inefficiency of in-service training.

Contemporary poets use the legendary symbol in its artistic and contemporary image in diaspora literature, and this type of symbol in modern Arabic literature has occupied a great place and great writers have appreciated it to raise the symbol from just a passing reference incompatible with the text to embodying their suffering to fuse their subjective and objective concerns into symbols that were able to provoke. The human soul, especially as they broke the traditional barriers that hinder the launch of their literature in the sky of imagination. The effects of this circle extended to include many writers, whether in poetry, prose or in the novel, such as Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi, Saeed Akl, Salah Labaki, and Samih Al-Qasim. This article explains an overview of the life of the poet Samih al-Qasim and mentions the verses that bear the symbol of the prophets in his poems. Samih al-Qasim adopted religious symbols, including the symbol of the prophets for his concerns and the pain of his people in front of the occupiers, and he used the character of the prophets as a symbol of rebellion against every unjust oppressor, and to express the rebellion of the Palestinian man against the forces that made him suffer ordeal. His brothers in the pit or when the whale swallowed the Prophet Yunus (peace be upon him) and depicted the liberation of the homeland and the victory of the Palestinians by visiting Jacob, his son Joseph, after enduring the pain of separation.

 Man attains the point of perfection with morality and politeness, and science is like a ladder to reach the peak of morality, and this is possible when it is accompanied by knowledge. Knowledge, or in other words, mysticism, is a completely moral concept that the mystic paves the way to achieve with his mystical works. Many writers and mystics are taking this step. Iran has been the cradle and origin of mystical poets who have been a turning point in the history of mysticism by creating Islamic mystical works. Attar Neyshabouri is one of the Iranian poets who is known as a pole in the axis of Islamic mysticism. Therefore, this study aims to introduce Attar's method by describing Attar's analysis of the position of Attar in Islamic mysticism and his role in acquainting the people of East and West with Islamic mysticism and the extent of its influence and reflection in the literature of these two areas. Pay. Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the influence of Attar's mystical thought and poetry on Eastern and Western literature is not less than the influence of Islam on hearts; Because Attar's mysticism is a mixture of moral and Islamic themes with Eastern spirit and psyche. For this reason, the study of perfumery among Eastern and Western writers and poets is due to their inspiration and mystical tendency towards Attar's mystical taste.

Radial network theory is one of the important theories in cognitive semantics. According to this theory, first, meaning of words (Serat, Sabil, Tariq) is discussed in order to find their central meaning; Then connecting will be examined their concepts with the development of concepts in the radial network.The radial network indicates that each word can have a different meaning related to its central meaning in different speech contexts. Semantic development is also analyzed in the relationship of coexistence, conceptual metaphor and image schemas.The present researcher tries to deal with the semantics of Quranic words (sarat, sebil, tariq) with a cognitive approach and relying on the descriptive-analytical method with the radial network theory. From this research, according to the conceptual metaphor and image schemas, it is obtained that tangible things are expressed as the origin for intangible spiritual things as the destination, so that man understands spiritual things better in the form of tangible things and uses From the radial network, it can be inferred that God, taking into account the various conditions and situations of man, puts the message in the center of attention according to the knowledge and understanding of human.

Linguistic minorities often have their own unique lifestyle, culture, and traditions, and they have distinct demands based on their culture. In short, this demand pertains to their right to use their mother tongue, which is different from the right of each member of these groups to use their mother tongue individually. They demand the right to use their mother tongue collectively and as a third-generation right. However, sometimes the demand for this right conflicts with national security and territorial unity. Some governments, based on their approach to the issue of rights, the conflict between them and the public interest and their own security policies limit the right to the mother tongue and take a confrontational and restrictive stance on both the general right and the specific right to the mother tongue, in consideration of the issue of territorial unity. This study aims to explore and explain the theoretical framework of this conflict and its reasons, and to provide strategies for solving this problem by describing and expanding on various theoretical discourses related to the subject. Another goal of this study is to explore some of the concepts involved in this subject and to examine an appropriate theoretical approach to related concepts, which also aids to answer the main research problem. As research backgrounds, reference can be made to the book "Language Rights and Political Theory" by Will Kymlicka, published by Oxford University Press in 2007, and the book "National Security, Human Rights, Political Legitimacy in Fragile Democracies: An Introduction to the Foundations of National Security Law" by Mehdi Rezaei, published by Khorsandi Publishing in 2018.The main purpose of this research is to explain the relationship between the right of linguistic minorities to use their mother tongue and national security and territorial unity? Within this framework, the present study, while reviewing and analyzing all the concepts involved in the subject, by adopting a reductionist approach towards the rights of minority groups and emphasizing the individual nature of rights, and with attention to the requirements of positive discrimination in insuring group rights, explains and defends the rights of minority groups to the mother tongue and the necessity of ensuring those rights. It also examines and analyzes the relationship between the right to the mother tongue and national security, and territorial unity. It shows that the closer a state's security discourse is to a negative and commodity-based interpretation, the more threatened national security and territorial unity will be, and the more it will be in conflict with the right to the mother tongue. The choice of a political-legal system to adopt a security theoretical manifest has a direct impact on the definition and boundaries of national security in that country, and the degree of its democracy and human rights also has a complete impact on the model and approach of its security discourse. Non-democratic and non-human rights systems that adopt traditional discourse in national security not only refuse to tolerate any objections and opposition by the people but also, based on various security pretexts and through "securitization", initiate suppression and threatening of public freedoms and citizens' rights. However, the modern discourse, with a focus on the citizens' demands, internal vulnerabilities, and socio-economic issues, and with regard to pluralism, democracy, and human rights, seeks security through creating national convergence and synergy. The postmodern discourse, on another hand, looks at national security with a focus on global security centered on human beings and from the perspective of fundamental human rights, culture, and cultural issues. Therefore, the two modern and postmodern discourses not only recognize the right to the mother tongue, but also guarantee it and consider guaranteeing it as a booster of national security. Regarding the right to the mother tongue, political regimes with a traditional security approach see this right and its enforcement in conflict with national security, and thus restrict the freedom of linguistic minorities. Non-democratic and non-human rights regimes, with a security-oriented approach, always label linguistic minorities as secessionist forces and with various titles, including labeling them as threats to national security and unity, and territorial unity, and they restrict the freedom to use their mother tongue. It seems that the democratic or non-democratic and human rights or non-human rights nature of a political system determines which security approach and discourse that system has, and it is this discourse that shapes the government's position on the basic freedoms and rights of the people and following that, the path of that political system will become apparent. In the face of the duality of “the existence of linguistic diversity and minorities increases threats and insecurity”, or conversely, “confronting the linguistic freedoms of minorities leads to their dissatisfaction and desire for secession", the proposition of the authors is the second approach; especially since governments that seek security only outside their borders with a traditional security perspective, naturally overlook internal security threats or even consider their source as foreign, and over time, people’s dissatisfaction with the deprivation of their fundamental freedoms such as linguistic freedom will only be one of the problems and dissatisfactions, and economic and social problems will also prevail. at that time, the centrifugal forces due to injustice, economic deprivation, and restrictions on fundamental freedoms will become more apparent. Therefore, in a general proposition, the less democratic a government is and the less commitment it has to human rights, the more traditional and outward-looking its security policies and approaches will become. It will also restrict domestic rights and freedoms, resulting in an increase in centrifugal forces and threats to national security and territorial unity. Regarding linguistic minorities Specifically, the more the governments disregard democracy and human rights, the more probable that they view national security negatively so as to consider threats only from external or foreign roots. By closing these outlets and making the phenomenon of linguistic diversity and minority mother tongues a security issue, they threaten the freedom of using the mother tongue in many aspects. On the other hand, focusing on militarization to gain security at exorbitant costs, neglecting human rights and freedoms, and the absence of a monitoring and desirable balance system for a democratic system will lead to a "crisis of efficiency" and a "crisis of legitimacy" of that political system, which will result in deep economic and social crises and dissatisfaction, especially among minorities. This economic pressure, coupled with severe repression of the freedom to use the mother tongue, will plant the seed of anomie and subsequently, the revival of separatist movements and threats to national security. Thus, the unity of the land and territorial unity will be compromised.

The Holy Quran, as the King of the Book of Existence, despite its abandonment among human societies, especially among Muslims, contains many thematic themes and novelties that all rhetorical and syntactic books have made the most of this great book. . The attention industry is one of the most common literary industries used in Arabic and Persian, which has long been used by speakers and writers. The rhetoricians, syntacticians, critics, and commentators have each provided definitions of attention that have changed over time. Therefore, the attitude of the new rhetorician is different from the old rhetoric towards this literary industry. This research aims to examine the difference between the view of rhetoricians at different times in this literary array and also the difference in the amount of examples of this industry in Surah Anbiya in the seventeenth part of the Holy Quran. Pay.

The usage of humorous language is one of the best ways to create joy and happiness in the audience, which can indirectly criticize and correct many shortcomings and deficiency. Therefore, this type of literature has been considered by literary scholars. Arabic and French literature, especially in the contemporary era, has been the scene of a stronger and better emergence in the field of Humorous allusions. Maron Abboud a prominent Lebanese novelist, and Stendhal famous writers of French literature, have done so many literary works that can be examined from a view of Humorous allusions. In this research, first, the definition of humor and its background and position in both Arabic and French literature were discussed. Then, relying on the American comparative school and descriptive-analytical method, we examined the most important Functions of humor in the Short Story Collection "Wojooh wa Hekayat" by Maroon Abboud and the Novel "Red and Black" by Stendhal. And we sought to find an answer to this question: What are the grounds for the emergence of humorous in the works of the both authors? What are the differences and commonalities between both of them in using Functions humorous? The results indicate that Maroon Abboud and Stendhal, despite not having a literary connection and having a time and space interval, have used a variety of literary techniques and humorous methods such as contradiction, conflict, Caricature illustration, etc. to highlight the humorous aspect and critique of defects.

Mysticism is a kind of cognition based on a spiritual and indescribable state in which man feels that he received a direct and immediate connection with the existence of the Almighty God. These feelings are spiritual and transcendental states in which the mystic understands the absolute nature through the taste and conscience. Mysticism is one of the important subjects of literature that has been effective in expanding and enriching poetic themes. Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari, known as ʽarus al-foqahāʽ (the Bride of the Jurists), is one of the poets of the Andalusian period in the seventh century AH, who composed beautiful poems in the field of mysticism. In the meantime, Attār of Nishapur is one of the prominent poets of the sixth century and a pioneer of mystical poetry and Persian literature. This article, by use of a descriptive-analytical method, aims at the study of commonalities of mystical thoughts of these two poets on concepts such as (unity of existence, divine love, mystical cup, freedom, immortality and annihilation, reality of the world, consent and submission) in the poetic structure and language. The results of this research reveal that Attār of Nishapur and Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari are prominent mystical poets, and the concepts such as freedom, divine consent, mystical cup, death and annihilation in God's cause, love of the Essence of The One, are repeated in high frequency in the poems of these two poets. Attār in his poems influenced the souls and spirit of his addressees through symbolic utterances, solitariness, novelty of speech and silence. Abu al-Hassan al-Shushtari speaks always of melting in Divine Way and believes that the Divine Love should be expressed manifestly. Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari in his poetry was greatly influenced by Attār.

Semantics is one of the new approaches in the field of linguistics that deals with the study and interpretation of words and the combination of words in specific terms and sentences. In fact, semantics is the key for opening the door of the text of the Word. This knowledge came into play in the mid-nineteenth century. Max Muller and Michelle Braille were among those who contributed significantly to this knowledge. One of the prominent aspects of the Holy Qur'an is its rhetoric, a beautiful and expressive speech that the word of God exemplifies. The graceful expression of the verses has given the Qur'an a special refreshing and beautiful interpretation of the Qur'an. The verses of the Qur'an are a collection of phrases and sentences that are themselves formed from smaller units called words, and each of these words has a hidden meaning in addition to its apparent meaning, which is one of the reasons for the Quran's wonder and miracle. The present article analyzes the semantic function of the word "Yad" (=hand) in the Quran using a descriptive-analytical method and has concluded that God has used various methods in the Holy Quran to express the verses so that human can understand his purpose better and more easily and they understan the meaning of the verses without ambiguity. According to this paper, the word "Yad" and its derivatives have been used in the Holy Quran in a variety of meanings such as sensation, blessing, power and monarchy, possession and ownership, and finally the limb.

Hafez's language is multifaceted and artistic. Words and combinations, and consequently phrases and sentences in his poetry, are not linear and monotonous, but are multiple and expansive, and this artistic feature has caused man to lose his mind in search of meaning for his life. And find his conscience in the layers of the meanings of his verses and make him a master in the heavens. The present study, through reader-centered critique, while examining rhetorical contexts in a memorized verse, tries to infer its inference from this verse as an accepted structure of meaning towards the current function of the readers' minds, and the aspects of hidden meanings in the cover. Hariri to recite interpretable artistic words. Thus, based on rhetorical passages and elaborate meanings, none of Hafez's commentators has mentioned his glorious art in this verse. Of course, the importance of the discussion is not because this article is the first research on image density issues, but its importance is because the present study tries to describe the meanings of this verse correctly and close to the mind by descriptive-analytical method. Much has been written about it, well presented. Through the results of the research, we realized that the beauty of each image is so obvious that the secret of its creation and emergence is hidden from the audience and Hafez has done well in this sonnet.

This article aims to investigate the descriptive semantics of the two words "Fe’al" and "Amal", by analyzing their syntagmatic relations in a semantic domain that aims to explain their place in the Holy Quran with the axis of companionship. One of the most important ways that are of interest to literary scholars in the science of semantics today is knowing the meaning of words in terms of syntagmatic relations; that is, by placing the words together, they obtain a special meaning. For this reason, the words that are close in meaning in Qur'an follow a specific purpose being mentioned in different and special positions. Words that are common to each other in some cases and also have differences in meaning, need to be proved. This research aims to apply the descriptive-analytical method to two words "Fe’al" and "Amal" using the syntagmatic relations which have the highest frequency in the Quranic context. First, the main meaning of these two words, which is the material meaning, is discussed based on dictionary books. Then, the Quranic usage of these two words is explained. The result is that these two words in the representation of the verses do not have the same meaning, nor can they replace one another. Therefore, the word "Fe’al" in divine conceptualization refers to influencing, creating and doing something that is intense, or fast and transitory, with or without intention and plan. For this reason, in relation to companionship, the word "Fe’al" has the most companionship relationship with the word "Allah". As a result, God uses the word "Fe’al" to describe doing His work, which He does with seriousness and speed, or to show that His desire and will affect doing something, to put the doer in the center of attention. However, the conceptualization of the word "Amal" implies doing something with continuous effort and with knowledge and discretion. For this reason, it has syntagmatic relation with "faith" and "disbelief", which are expressions of the results of good or bad deeds in a continuous manner, and as a result, the divine punishment and reward to judge human acts is shown by the word "Amal".

The Quran is a source of Arabic resources, and its significance and value is recognized when compared to other books. The Holy Quran and its high contents are undoubtedly among the most important sources of Arabic poetry, so many poets were inspired by its subjects and personalities that were the axis of their great literary productions. Intertextuality is a new phenomenon of an old concept that emerged as a result of linguistic studies in the West. It was rooted in the ancient critical studies with different terms such as quotation, inclusion, citation, imitation, and similar in modern studies such as application of myth and so on. Quranic intertextuality is considered to be a direct and the most prominent source of poetic experience in modern poetry. This research is an attempt to study this phenomenon in Muhammad Miftah al-Fittouri's poetry (contemporary Sudanese poet) to obtain information of the most prominent forms of intertextuality in his poetry (the present text) from the Holy Quran (the absent text). It is concluded by this research that Fittouri's poetry is influenced directly or indirectly by the Holy Quran.

‘And’ has different functions and meanings in Arabic and Persian language based on the used situation; since it connects words and sentences and relates them to one another. The investigated ‘and’ in the present study is the one that seems to oppose lingual principals; due to its prior and subsequent connection without considering ‘and’ seems quite correct and complementary. However, the applied ‘and’ in fact connects and defines an unmentioned element prior or subsequent to itself.  Not mentioning that element in the sentence and its placement results in audience’s confusion, their struggle in thinking, the reason to seek for the unmentioned element –speaker’s intention to be exact- and its connection in the mentioned sentence. Since thought and reasoning are infinite and inextricable of human nature, everything’s relations with it or more precisely every reasoning confrontation is towards it in order to make it immortal. The present study intends to investigate a cause among numerous causes of immortality of the Holy Quran and Divan of Hafez through a descriptive-analytical approach. The main result of this study is having discovered one of the various causes of immortality in these two grand books; since most themes in Divan of Hafez are reflections of the alluring Quranic concepts.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a condition in which bone turnover and metabolism is impaired; thus, osteoporosis and low bone density are subsequently inevitable. We aimed to determine bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers, and associated factors in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Patients aged 30-70 years undergoing HD between 2015 to 2019 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. BMD measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and biochemical laboratory tests were assessed in 200 patients undergoing HD. Statistical analysis was based on t test, Pearson, regression and Mann-Whitney tests using SPSS 16.

Two hundred patients were investigated. Sixty percent of the patients were female. Mean ± SD of participants’ age was 58.6 (±11.63) years and mean ± SD for duration of HD was 45.69 (± 43.76) months. Osteoporosis was found in 48% (n=96) and low bone density in 36% (n=76) of our patients. General osteoporosis was more frequent in those undergoing HD for more than 3 years, although not significantly (P=0.093, odds ratio [OR]=0.37). However, regional osteoporosis in hip and femoral neck, but not spine vertebrae, were significantly higher after three years of HD (P=0.036, OR=0.27; P=0.042, OR=0.27; and P=0.344, OR=0.56, respectively). Increased body mass index (BMI) correlated negatively with osteoporosis (P=0.050).

With increasing age and duration of HD, BMD decreases. Higher BMI was associated with higher bone mass density. Bone density assessment seems to be necessary in patients undergoing HD.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus which has led to a pandemic. There is no approved treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Over time, physicians came to understand that in some severe patients, glucocorticoids could be considered as a second line treatment option. As there are a limited number of reports addressing the use of glucocorticoids (GCs) in patients with moderately severe COVID-19, this article presents the results in patients who referred to our national team and received glucocorticoids as part of their medication. This descriptive and prospective study iincludes 35 clinically-diagnosed moderate to severe COVID-19 cases in outpatient and inpatient settings. Patients received intravenous dexamethasone, oral prednisolone, and pulsed methylprednisolone. Demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory and chest CT findings of patients were recorded. On average Men comprised 60% of this group of patients. On admission Lymphocyte counts were depleted in a majority of patients (54.3%). Shortness of breath, O2 sat, and respiratory rate improved 48 to 72 hours after administration of glucocorticoids. Almost all patients had favorable clinical courses were improved during treatment with glucocorticoids, except one who had superimposed bacterial and candida infection. CT scan findings showed bilateral peripheral patchy infiltrations with ground glass opacities as the dominant pattern of lung involvement (60%). One patient was admitted to the intensive care unit. The results of our study showed that the administration of glucocorticoids in the early stages of COVID-19 disease is not only effective, but is also safe and prevents the progression of the disease.

Bahram Bayzavi is a writer of the best plays, a brilliant figure in Persian prose, a theater and film director, and a lover of Iranian culture and civilization, as he used the myths, folklore, popular literature and oral literature in the best ways in his plays. His plays are of great importance due to the many implication he made from these ancient corkscrews. It can be said that Bayzavi, in turn, continues Ferdowsi's way of re-reading and reformulating history, myths and epics, and he inspired his plays, whether in the form of plays or in the form of scenarios, from ancient sources. This article attempts to classify the main roots of the play with Bayzavi through a “reading-oriented” criticism method in a descriptive and analytical manner, in order to conclude with a suitable summary of the sources of the author’s play, the author’s special treatment, and the approach to dealing with these roots. The result shows that Bahram Baidawi does not deal with a specific period of history, but in his works many historical implications can be seen such as the mythical history, the epic, Ashura, and the history of Iran before and after Islam. In most of these readings, he linked his works to contemporary currents and ideas.

Abstract In the darkness of Persian literature, Iranian and non-Iranian poets and writers, citing the order of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) who said: "Anything that does not begin with the name of God is better", have long written their poems and writings in the name of God The world has begun and his greatness and generosity have been praised and placed at his doorstep. In Arabic literature, old and new poets have prayed to the Lord of the universe in their poems. Nezami Ganjavi, one of the greatest poets of Persian literature, at the beginning of his Masnavi, has dedicated many verses to praise and supplication to God. The Iraqi poet Jamil Siddiqui al-Zahawi also mentions God in a scattered manner in the margins of his divan, but in the final part of the divan he devotes an ode to prayer and supplication to God only. The purpose of this research is to use a descriptive-analytical method, considering the spiritual value of prayers and supplications in literature in terms of content and quality, a comparative study of prayers and supplications and their content and content in the military poems of Ganjavi and Jamil Sedghi. Alzheimer's pay.

The “1972 Stockholm Declaration” on the environment is marked as the beginning of the recognition of the right to a healthy environment in the international community. One of the important areas of guaranteeing this right is urban waste management, that is mostly the responsibility of municipalities, and the reason for this importance is the direct contact of urban people with waste in their daily lives and the threat to the environment and their health by waste; Therefore, the extents and necessities of guaranteeing the right to a healthy environment in urban waste management seems vital. This article reviews the reflection of this right in the constitutions of countries and its constitutionalizing in Iran, with a descriptive-analytical approach; and explains the duties of municipalities in guaranteeing the right to a healthy environment for citizens and residents with a focus on statutes. Municipalities, as institutions of local governance and non-governmental public institutions, have an essential and important role in guaranteeing this right in cities, and in particular in the field of municipal waste management. After reviewing the role of municipalities in terms of law and also in terms of the principles of citizenship rights, finally in a case study, the situation of Isfahan Municipal Waste Management Organization in guaranteeing the right to a healthy environment will be explained and discussed. 

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of clinical hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy (CBH) treatment on physical symptoms and sexual satisfaction of women with fibromyalgia syndrome in Gorgan. In this study, single-subject designs (A-A-B) were used. The statistical population includes all women with fibromyalgia syndrome who have referred to medical centers in Gorgan. According to the present research design, 9 references were used. Of these, 3 patients received clinical hypnosis treatment and 3 patients received cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy (CBH) treatment. Three patients were included in the non-intervention group as a control. In order to collect data, Powell and Enrightchr('39')s (1991) Physical Symptoms Questionnaire (PE_PSQ)  and Multidimensional Female Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSSW) (2014) were used. Therapeutic interventions for experimental groups were held for 8 sessions, and one group did not receive any intervention. To analyze the data, graph analysis methods, stable change index, clinical significance, recovery percentage were used. According to the obtained results, it can be stated that in terms of sexual satisfaction, cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy treatment was more effective than clinical hypnosis with 59.36% improvement, also in physical symptoms of cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy treatment compared to clinical hypnosis. The effectiveness was more effective with a 57.14% improvement. In general, based on the findings, it can be said that both treatments could have a greater impact on research variables than the non-intervention group. Therefore, it is recommended that physicians pay attention to treatment such as cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy in the treatment of this syndrome

Nahj al-Balagha The most recognized Nahj al-Balagha scholars is a book of human beings whose detailed understanding requires mastery of valuable knowledge such as rhetorical science. The word of Imam Hammam, together with the eloquence and rhetoric, has stunned and amazed all those who are enjoying the Passover. The purpose of this article is to display and monitor such areas of Amir Mummani's speech and fantasy in one of his final sermons known as Jihad sermon and compare it with Ibn Nabati Fariqi's sermons, relying on Ibnabi al-Hadid's commentary and response. The question of the extent to which Ibn Nabatah has used and succeeded in the sermons of Imam Hammam's sermons. This article is a descriptive-analytical method to compare and contrast the jihadist sermon of the 27 Imams with Ibn Nabatah's five jihadist sermons to explain that Nahj al-Balagha possesses profound meanings and profound meanings. Tied to human nature and derived from the source of revelation, its sermons used metaphors, metaphors, and rhetorical precision, while Ibn Nabatah's jihadist sermons and over-the-top texts made the sermons unnecessary. Has made a soul and artifact, every speaker of speech in similar pedestal and dealing with the glittering essence of Nahj al-Balagha except Her impotence has not taken a step, because no raven in the sky can help the rabble to deal with the sun. The word of the Imam, while eloquent and rhetoric, is succinct and expressive, while Ibn Nabatah in his sermons using the word and the word failed to reach the foot of the Nahj al-Balagha.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy (CBH) on resilience and sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome in Gorgan. In this study, single-subject designs (A-B-A) were used. The statistical population includes all women with fibromyalgia syndrome who have referred to medical centers in Gorgan. According to the present research design, 9 references were used. Of these, 3 patients received cognitive-behavioral therapy and 3 patients received cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy. 3 patients were included in the control group. In order to collect data, Connor & Davidsonchr('39')s (2003) Resiliency Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (Boyce, 1989) were used. Therapeutic interventions for experimental groups were held for 8 sessions, the control group did not receive any dermatological interventions. To analyze the data, graph analysis methods, stable change index, clinical significance, recovery percentage were used. According to the obtained results, it can be said that in relation to sleep disorder, was most effective related to cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy with a recovery rate of 61.22 which was significant at the level of rate 0.05 (P<0.05) and in the resilience variable, the most effective was related to cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy with a recovery rate 59/88 which was significant at the level of rate 0.05 (P<0.05). In general, based on the findings, it can be said that both treatments were able to affect the research variables compared to the non-intervention group. Therefore, it is recommended that physicians pay attention to cognitive-behavioral therapies and cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy in the treatment of this syndrome.

Familial adenomatous polyposis is characterized by over 100 colorectal adenomas in the colorectum. The disease equally affects both sexes, with an incidence estimated at 1.14025-1.8300. The disease is premature in people with familial adenomatous polyposis. Patients suffering from familial adenomatous polyposis have a range of extra-intestinal diseases such as papillae, gastric, small intestine, and duodenal polyps; cutaneous wounds (lipomas, fibromas, and epidermoid cysts); desmoid tumors; osteomas; nephroderma retinal pigment epithelium, including hepatoblastoma and thyroid cancers; and pancreas, biliary system, and brain cancer. Familial adenomatous polyposis is characterized by >100 polyps in the colon that are often observed on the left side of the colon and rectum. A germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene that can be clinically and genetically diagnosed is responsible for this disease. Several methods are available for testing the adenomatous polyposis gene. Whole-gene sequencing of all adenomatous polyposis coli exons and exon-intron boundaries with maximum sensitivity for determining adenomatous polyposis coli mutations is not affordable. Another method, the protein shortening assay, correctly identifies 80% of the mutations in families who show familial adenomatous polyposis and is less expensive than complete gene sequencing. The application of a COX-2 inhibitor for chemical prevention is limited in patients showing familial adenomatous polyposis because of cardiovascular toxicity. Aspirin does not negatively impact cardiovascular diseases and is even used as primary pharmacotherapy in patients who demonstrate cardiovascular risk factors.   After 55.7 months of the diagnosis in hereditary CRC carriers, the incidence of cancer can be decreased by a dose of 600 mg/day aspirin for 25 months. After diagnosis, patients should undergo prophylactic proctocolectomy or ileoanal pouch. Undiagnosed patients having a family history of FAP must be referred to a genetic counselor and enrolled in optimal genetic and clinical surveillance programs. Recent advancements in endoscopic technology, e.g. high-resolution endoscopy, double-balloon endoscopy, and capsule endoscopy have enabled the comprehensive study of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the limited evidence, more studies on these novel endoscopic technologies may modify the surveillance strategies for FAP patients.

Decreased bone mass, often measured using bone mineral density (BMD) is frequently seen in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. It may cause serious bone health problems such as fractures. Several risk factors of low bone mass in the patients on hemodialysis have been proposed including age and body mass index (BMI). Our current study explored the relationship between BMI, age, sociodemographic status, and BMD among postmenopausal women on hemodialysis.

This study enrolled postmenopausal women on hemodialysis whose bone densitometry was checked and assessed with the age, BMI, and social status. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software.

Sixty participants with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age of 57.00 ± 10.63 years were enrolled. After adjustment of sexand age, normal-weight women had 2 times the prevalence of low bone density compared to the obese women [prevalence ratio (PR) = 2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–2.8]. For osteoporosis, the PR was also twice higher for the women with normal BMI (PR = 2, 95% CI: 1.3-2.8) and 1.6 times higher for the overweight group than the women in the obese group (PR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3-2.4).

Among the women on hemodialysis, obese women have lower prevalence of osteoporosis than normal-weight cases