mehrdad behmanesh

Statins are one of the approved drugs used in the clinic, which are prescribed to reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood of patients. However, the effects of the drug in reducing the amount of fat and the occurrence of side effects are not the same in the patients. Considering the role of LncRNAs in regulating gene expression, the possible role of HOTAIR LncRNA and atorvastatin treatment in regulating HMGCR gene expression as the main regulating gene in cholesterol synthesis has been investigated.

Bioinformatics analyses were used to find common regulatory factors between the HMGCR gene and candidate LncRNAs. MTT assay was used to determine the optimal dose of atorvastatin treatment on the HepG2 cell line. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative analysis of gene expression were performed by qPCR. Finally, HMGCR protein expression was evaluated via the Western blot technique.

Bioinformatic analyses showed that there is a relationship between HMGCR expression and some LncRNAs (HOTAIR, TUG1, MALAT1, GAS5, JPX, DLX6AS). In the cell culture, atorvastatin treatment increased the expression of HMGCR at mRNA and protein levels in the HepG2 cell line. Among the candidate lncRNAs, HOTAIR LncRNA expression decreased by 80% under atorvastatin treatment. Downregulating of the HOTAIR gene led to increased HMGCR gene expression at the RNA and protein levels.

The results of this study indicated that, aside from blocking the HMGCR enzyme binding site, atorvastatin can regulate the expression of HMGCR mRNA and protein by changing the HOTAIR expression.

The ITPA gene plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating the levels of inosine triphosphate (ITP) and diphosphate (IDP) within cells. Dysregulation of ITPA can lead to an accumulation of ITP and IDP, which disrupts immune cell functions.

This study aims to investigate, for the first time, the relationship between two specific genetic variations (94C- > A (rs1127354) and IVS2+21A → C (rs7270101) SNPs) and the expression of the ITPA gene in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

The study included 112 MS patients and 109 healthy controls, with 32 patients and 30 controls randomly selected for genotyping. The expression of two ITPA transcripts in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all participants was measured using real-time PCR.

The study found no significant differences in the expression levels of transcript 1 and transcript 2 between MS patients and controls. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the genotypic and allele frequencies of the ITPA rs1127354 and rs7270101 SNPs in MS patients.

These findings may contribute to the development of targeted therapies and personalized treatments for individuals with MS. Understanding the pathogenic potential and frequency distribution of these variants across diverse populations is crucial for elucidating their role in disease susceptibility and advancing personalized medicine approaches for multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders.

 Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), a key transcription factor activated during low oxygen levels, influences cell cycle and metastasis. Hypoxia induces double-strand breaks (DSBs), a highly carcinogenic process.

 This study aimed to elucidate the impact of HIF1α down-regulation on the expression of XRCC4 and XRCC7, key components of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway crucial for DSB repair.

 HeLa and [human embryonic kidney (HEK)293] cells underwent culture, transfection with HIF1α small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), and viability assessment after 48 hours. Subsequent examination included cell cycle alterations. Ribonucleic acid extraction, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) synthesis, and RT-qPCR were performed to compare the fold-change in HIF1α, XRCC4, and XRCC7 gene expression, followed by statistical analyses.

 Downregulating HIF1α using siRNA resulted in reduced viability and increased apoptosis in both HeLa and HEK293 cells 48 hours after transfection. The findings also indicated a significant decrease in XRCC4 expression; nevertheless, XRCC7 expression remained unchanged in both cell lines.

 This study underscores that HIF1α potentially modulates the NHEJ pathway through XRCC4, presenting itself as a plausible target for cancer therapy.

Danon disease is defined by a clinical trio of cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and cognitive impairment. It results from the lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2) gene variants. The aim of study is determination of genotype and phenotype of a newly diagnosed Iranian family with a unique phenotype due to a pathogenic variant of the LAMP2 gene along with a phenotypic comparison of all reported patients.

In this descriptive study, we evaluated the demographic data, clinical features, management procedures, as well as genetic analysis of both patients in this newly diagnosed family. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and in silico structural and functional predictions were applied. A comprehensive search of the c.877C>T variant in LAMP2 was conducted using the PubMed, Google Scholar, VarSome, ClinVar, Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), and Franklin databases to identify any genotype-phenotype correlations.

Nine patients were carriers of the c.877C>T variant. All patients were male, and displayed variable degrees of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) that ranged from mild to severe. All patients exhibited typical cardiac conduction abnormalities consistent with Danon disease. Four underwent heart transplants and survived. Skeletal muscle involvement and cognitive impairment were observed in four patients each. The mean age of onset was 14 years. The proband in this study exhibited an earlier onset of cardiac symptoms.

Genetic analysis is the preferred diagnosis approach for Danon disease and can assist families in managing affected patients, identify carriers, and assist with future family planning. This study highlights the intrafamilial phenotypic variability of Danon disease. It is possible that variants of this gene may be frequent in Iran.

Herbal medicines are the preferred anticancer agents due to their lower cytotoxic effects on healthy cells. Plant lignans play an important role in treating various diseases, especially cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of podophyllotoxin, pinoresinol, and lariciresinol on cellular toxicity and inducing apoptosis in fibroblasts, HEK-293, and SkBr3 cell lines. An in vitro study was conducted from 2017 to 2019 at the Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (Tehran, Iran). The cell lines were treated for 24 and 48 hours with different concentrations of lignans. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined using MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Expression levels of cell cycle and apoptosis regulator genes were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s HSD test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Podophyllotoxin significantly increased apoptosis in fibroblast cells compared to pinoresinol and lariciresinol (P<0.001). The percentage of cell viability of fibroblast cells treated for 48 hours with pinoresinol, lariciresinol, and podophyllotoxin was reduced by 49%, 47%, and 36%, respectively. Treatment with pinoresinol and lariciresinol significantly overexpressed pro-apoptotic genes and underexpressed anti-apoptotic genes in SkBr3 cells (P<0.001). SkBr3 cells treated with lariciresinol significantly reduced gene expression (P<0.001).  Pinoresinol and lariciresinol can potentially be used as new therapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases in Iran and the world. To date, many drugs have been developed to control the progression of MS as a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Rituximab is a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody that binds to the CD20 receptor on the surface of B cells and induces apoptosis. Today, Numerous studies have confirmed the increasing role of non-coding RNAs in regulating the expression of genes and molecular processes, including apoptosis. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis results indicate that TUG1 LncRNA is differentially expressed in MS patients. Thus, In the present study the possible role of TUG1 in regulating rituximab mechanism of action and apoptosis induction was experimentally investigated. To do this, specific DNAzyme against TUG1 was designed and transfected into Raji cells in the presence or absence of the drug. After transfection, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed. Then, the expression of target genes was examined by Real-Time PCR technique. The results showed an increase in CD20 expression and a decrease in SMAD2 expression levels. Furthermore, decreased TUG1 gene expression led to an increase in apoptosis and cell accumulation in the G1 phase. It seems that TUG1 expression level can play a significant role in CD20 expression in B cells and therefore on the therapeutic efficacy of rituximab.

The relationship between relative expression of three Si transporters (Lsi1, Lsi2 and Lsi6) genes and Si contents, in four different segments of maize seedling: basal, apical parts of seminal roots, leaf sheaths, and blades under Si concentrations (0, 2 and 10 mM) was investigated. The results indicated that under the control conditions, Si content in aerial parts and roots of seedlings were identical but under 2 and 10 mM Si concentrations, its content in the aerial parts was higher than the roots. Silicon uptake by maize seedlings was not proportional to the increase of its supply. Unexpectedly, the Si content of maize seedlings did not increase when the Si supply increased to 10. The results also showed that under normal conditions, relative expression of ZmLsi1 and ZmLsi2 in shoots of maize seedlings was significantly higher than roots, while ZmLsi6 was mainly expressed in leaf sheaths. Application of Si significantly increased all three silicon transporter expressions. Among these transporters, the response of Lsi2 was discriminative to the external Si concentration such that under 10 mM Si, the expression of Lsi2 was more noticeable. The results suggested that Lsi2 may have a role in efflux of Si in maize under high concentration of external Si.

In this study, the antioxidant properties of hydrolyzed protein from longtail tuna dark muscle with commercial enzymes (alcalase, alkaline protease, and evatase) were investigated.

Protein hydrolysates from tuna dark muscle were prepared by different enzymes Degree of hydrolysis (DH) was performed by TCA technique. The five aliquots at 60, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min were gathered during hydrolysis. The antioxidant activity of aliquots was monitored by in vitro assays (DPPH inhibition ability and Ferric (Fe3+) reducing power).

The antioxidant activities of protein hydrolysate from tuna dark muscle (TDM) increase with increasing time and DH. Alcalase hydrolyzed protein (AHP) generally showed higher antioxidative activity than evatase hydrolyzed protein (EHP) and alkaline protease hydrolyzed protein (APHP). Among the samples (concentration 3 mg.ml-1), AHP at 360 min significantly exhibited the highest ability to scavenge DPPH radical (72.6 %). Furthermore, AHP and APHP significantly showed a minimum IC50 value of 1.1 mg.ml-1 at 240 and 360 min hydrolysis. APHP significantly exhibited the highest ferric reducing power of 0.83 at 300 min and 0.76 at 240 min. AHP and APHP significantly showed the highest ferric reducing power of 0.74 at 360 min (p < 0.05).

This study confirmed that protein hydrolysate from TDM could be a good source of antioxidant peptides. In addition, the antioxidant activity of hydrolyzed protein relay on protease type and hydrolysis condition.

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), is a small homodimeric signaling protein. The TGF-β isoforms (TGFβ1, β2 and β3) are involved in many cellular processes including growth inhibition, extracellular matrix remodeling, tissue development, cell migration, invasion and immune regulation. For research aims, TGFβs are overexpressed using recombinant eukaryotic cell or bacterial expression systems. For achieving an efficient purification of TGF-β by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), a histidine tag was placed either at the C-terminal (C-TGFβ) or N-terminal (N-TGFβ) region of the sequence and the effect of His-tag on TGF-β structure has been studied by computational tools. Proteins 3D structures were modeled using MODELLER software and molecular dynamics simulation of native TGF-β and modelled proteins, N-TGFβ and C-TGFβ were studied in water by GROMACS package. Protein dynamics modeling indicated that the His-tag attached at the C-terminus but not at the N-terminus of the TGF-β can affect the fluctuations of amino acids and protein structure. It is concluded that the C-terminal tagging may cause distortion and misfolding in the structure.

The endothelium layer plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. The activation and dysfunction of endothelial cells is one of  the first detectable changes in atherosclerosis as one of the macro-vascular complications of diabetes. In this study, according to the physiological function of G-protein coupled receptors in the vascular system, the changes in gene expression of two receptors, ADGRF5 and ADGRL4 were investigated in hyperglycemic conditions and the use of atorvastatin.

Endothelial cells were transferred from normal conditions to hyperglycemic environment and kept in these conditions for 48, 24 and 72 hours. In hyperglycemic conditions, the cells were treated with atorvastatin (5 and 10 µM) for 24 hours. The expression of target genes was measured in hyperglycemic conditions and under atorvastatin treatment, scratch test cell culture was performed in the presence of atorvastatin drug.

ADGRF5 and ADGRL4 gene expression decreased significantly p ≤ 0.01 in hyperglycemic environment at 24, 48 and 72 hours, the level decreased by about 7 to 9.5 times and about 7 to 28 times respectively for genes. Treatment with atorvastatin in hyperglycemic conditions resulted in a significant increase in the expression of receptors p ≤ 0.01. VEGFA and DLL4 showed a significant decrease in expression compared to hyperglycemic conditions. An increase in the power of cell movement and changes in the morphology of cells were observed when using atorvastatin.

Changes in the expression of ADGRF5 and ADGRL4 receptors in hyperglycemic conditions can focus on the role of these receptors in the process of angiogenesis in vascular disorders, which is useful for future studies related to vascular disorders related to diabetes complications.
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Legionella spp. is a causative agent of Legionnaires' disease that creates public health problems. Isolation of these bacteria from water sources is essential to identify outbreak origins and prevent disease. Diagnostic biosensors for water quality control to protect consumers from water-borne infections can predict many outbreaks. Gold nanoparticles conjugated probes are a new generation of diagnostic tools. In this study, an optical nano biosensor was designed and characterized to detect Legionella pneumophila in water samples rapidly.

Thiolated probes designed for the mip gene were attached to gold nanoparticles and then water samples containing Legionella pneumophila were examined.

The limit of detection for PCR and biosensor was 104 and 103 copy numbers/µl, respectively. Biosensor sensitivity and PCR were reported to be 90% (18 out of 20) and 85% (17 out of 20), respectively. Specificity 100% has been reported for both methods.

According to the obtained results, this method has the potential to diagnose L. pneumophila with high sensitivity and specificity. This system can be employed as a practical tool for rapid, accurate, high-sensitivity, and acceptable detection of Legionella pneumophila in contaminated water, which is cost-effective in terms of cost and time.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), depicted by lymphocytic infiltration and demyelination. MS is associated with the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory and down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the expression level of TGF-β1, TGF-β 2, TGF-β-R1, and TGF-β-R2 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MS patients and healthy controls using Real-Time PCR. Our findings indicated that the TGF-β-R1 expression level was 2.25 times higher in controls than in MS patients. Also, a significant correlation between normalized expression of TGF-β-R1 and TGF-β1, or TGF-β2 was observed. Therefore, these genes could likely play an important role in the etiology of MS.

Pancreatic β cells are recognized as central players in the pathogenesis of types 1 and 2 diabetes. Efficient and robust primary culture methods are required to interrogate β cell biology and screen potential anti-diabetic therapeutics. The aim of this study was to refine monolayer culture of beta cells and to investigate potential inducers of beta cell proliferation.

In this experimental study, we compared different culture methods to optimize conditions required for a monolayer culture of rat pancreatic islet cells in order to facilitate image analysis-based assays. We also used the refined culture method to screen a group of rationally selected candidate small molecules and their combinations to determine their potential proliferative effects on the β cells.

Ham’s F10 medium supplemented with 2% foetal bovine serum (FBS) in the absence of any surface coating provided a superior monolayer β cell culture, while other conditions induced fibroblast-like cell growth or multilayer cell aggregation over two weeks. Evaluation of candidate small molecules showed that a menin inhibitor MI-2 and a combination of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibitor SB481542 and protein kinase C (PKC) activator indolactam V (IndV) significantly induced replication of pancreatic β cells.

Overall, our optimized culture condition provided a convenient approach to study the cultured pancreatic islet cells and enabled us to detect the proliferative effect of menin inhibition and combined TGF-β inhibition and PKC activation, which could be considered as potential strategies for inducing β cell proliferation and regeneration.

Each period has had its own cultural thoughts and beliefs throughout history, which has been an index of the history of health care in that era. Is. Communities whose people are constantly evolving are successful in advancing art, science, and ethics. This article intends to discuss the nursing approach in this evolutionary movement in the early days of Islam and the role of nurses in the Corona pandemic crisis.

Databases in the Iranian Digital Medical Library such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, .Nursing index: and Persian databases such as SID: Magiran, Iran Medex, Irandoc and using keywords were done separately and in combination. Findings and

: The evolution of the role of nurses from the beginning of Islam to the present day Traditional nursing until its formation The nursing board in Iran has been upgraded and there are also important issues in nursing. Nursing is one of the major groups in the health and treatment team whose services are very effective in protecting social health and advancing the goals of society. In the event of a corona epidemic, they also care for patients with the necessary commitment and overcoming the specific stress of the corona.

The exponential growth of people suffering from respiratory disease is inevitable and affects the health and life quality of millions of people around the world. Chronic respiratory disease and severe lung infections are main reasons of high Hospitalization and death rates which depends on complex therapeutic strategies. Nowadays, applications of nanotechnology in various fields of medicine such drug-delivery, diagnosis, and medical imaging are becoming lionized. currently Different types of nanoparticles including lipid-based, liposomal, peptide, carbon-based, polymeric, metallic, and magnetic nanoparticles are being used via ligand surface modifications to target specific targets. This article takes a brief look in the role of nanoparticles for therapeutic applications of respiratory disease and recent approaches in this field of study.

One of the major challenges in gene therapy is producing gene carriers that possess high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity (1). To achieve this purpose, crystal nanocellulose (CNC) -based nanoparticles grafted with polyethylenimine (PEI) have been developed as an alternative to traditional viral vectors to eliminate potential toxicity and immunogenicity.

In this study, CNC-PEI10kDa (CNCP) nanoparticles were synthetized and their transfection efficiency was evaluated and compared with linear cationic PEI10kDa (PEI) polymer in HEK293T (HEK) cells. Synthetized nanoparticles were characterized with AFM, FTIR, DLS, and gel retardation assays. In-vitro gene delivery efficiency by nano-complexes and their effects on cell viability were determined with fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry.

Prepared CNC was oxidized with sodium periodate and its surface cationized with linear PEI. The new CNCP nano-complex showed different transfection efficiencies at different nanoparticle/plasmid ratios, which were greater than those of PEI polymer. CNPC and Lipofectamine were similar in their transfection efficiencies and effect on cell viability after transfection.

CNCP nanoparticles are appropriate candidates for gene delivery. This result highlights CNC as an attractive biomaterial and demonstrates how its different cationized forms may be applied in designing gene delivery systems.

In this study, mutations in the tripanothion reductase of Leishmania tropica isolated from Iran was investigated using sequencing and simulation of the enzyme by the molecular dynamic method.

Fifteen susceptible and 15 clinical resistant L. tropica specimens were collected from skin lesions from different regions of Iran in 2017. After DNA extraction, trypanothione reductase (TRYR or TPR), gene fragment was amplified using PCR and sequencing methods. In the case of structural mutations, the components were simulated by molecular dynamics using the GROMACS software.

Some structural mutations were observed in 9 amino acids surrounding the active site of the TRYR gene of L. tropica with three-dimensional trypanothione reductase alteration.

Change in the active site of TRYR of L. tropica, could probably contribute to the development of resistant L. tropica to glucantime. Because of the likely occurrence of mutations in glucantime as well as the ease of development of L. tropica resistant populations, more samples are needed to demonstrate the relationship between mutations in this enzyme and clinical resistance to glucantime. On the other hand, it is recommended that enzymatic studies be performed to confirm the role of mutation in the function and expression of trypanothione reductase in glucantime resistant and susceptible populations.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease and remains the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction is an important factor in the progression of atherosclerotic disease. Increased expression of cell adhesion index genes and decreased cell-binding proteins lead to abnormal endothelial function. These molecular changes are one of the most important indicators of endothelial cell dysfunction and the progression of atherosclerosis. CXCR3 is a G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor expressed by endothelial cells. The role of the receptor CXCR3 and its ligands in endothelial cells and heart disease is not yet fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the effect of CXCR3 downregulation on the expression level of adhesion (I-CAM-1, V-CAM-1), tight junction (TJP1), related to endothelial dysfunction.In order to reduce the expression of the CXCR3 gene, the RNA-cleaving DNAzyme was used against the mRNA of the CXCR3 gene. DNAzyme was transfused into HUVEC cells by TurboFectTM. After confirmation of decreased CXCR3 gene expression, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed and then the expression of markers was evaluated by RT-qPCR technique.Our result was showed the expression level of I-CAM-1 and V-CAM-1 were showed significant up-regulation in transfected cells compared with control cells, while the TJP1 gene was not showed significant change. It seems that reducing the CXCR3 gene expression could induce endothelial dysfunction through the change of adhesion markers genes expression. Therefore, this receptor can be considered as a potential molecular target for a better understanding of the mechanism of atherosclerosis.

Genetic polymorphism in the miRNA sequence might alter miRNA expression and/or maturation, which is associated with the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in liver transplant patients.

Therefore, the prevalence of miRNA-146a G > C (rs2910164), miRNA-499A > G (rs3746444), miRNA-149C > T (rs2292832), and miRNA-196a-2 C > T (rs11614913) gene polymorphisms was evaluated in liver recipients with HCC with or without experiencing graft rejection.

In a cross-sectional study, tissue samples were collected from 60 HCC patients who underwent liver transplant surgery at Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, in 2013 - 2015. A control group consisting of 120 individuals was randomly selected, as well. The genomic DNA was extracted from collected tissues and blood samples. The miRNA-146a (rs2910164), miRNA-499 (rs3746444), miRNA-149 (rs2292832), and miRNA-196a-2 (rs11614913) gene polymorphisms were evaluated in patients with HCC using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

The CC genotype and C allele of the miRNA-146a (rs2910164) polymorphism were significantly associated with the increased risk of transplant rejection in patients with HCC (P = 0.05 and P = 0.05, respectively). The CC genotype and C allele of the miRNA-146a (rs2910164) were also significantly more frequent in male liver transplant patients who experienced acute rejection than in non-rejected ones (P = 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively). However, no significant association was found between the genotypes and alleles of miRNA-499 (rs3746444), miRNA-149 (rs2292832), and miRNA-196a-2 (rs11614913) polymorphisms and HCC outcomes in liver transplant recipients.

The importance of the CC genotype and C allele of the miRNA-146a (rs2910164) polymorphism in increasing the risk of transplant rejection was confirmed, but it needs further studies in larger populations.

TGF-β isoforms play crucial roles in diverse cellular processes. Therefore, targeting and inhibiting TGF-β signaling pathway provides a potential therapeutic opportunity. TGF-β isoforms bind and bring the receptors (TβRII and TβRI) together to form a signaling complex in an ordered manner.
Herein, an antagonistic variant of TGF-β (AnTβ) has been designed and prepared to inhibit the formation of signaling complex and consequently its signaling pathway. This TGF-β homodimeric variant contains intact TβRII binding sites and blocked TβRI binding sites by substituting three peptide segments. So, AnTβ could only bind to TβRII, but prevent binding and recruitment of TβRI to form a signaling complex.
A reliable model of AnTβ was built and refined using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, followed by investigating the interactions of AnTβ with the receptors using in silico docking studies. After expression of disulfide-linked AnTβ in a SHuffle strain and purification of the protein using affinity chromatography, its biological activity was evaluated using Mink lung epithelial cells (Mvl Lu).
No meaningful significant changes in AnTβ structure were observed when compared with the native protein. Based on the docking analysis, AnTβ binds to TβRII similar to TGF-β and its binding to TβRI was diminished considerably which was consistent with our design purpose. Cell-based bioassay indicated that AnTβ could modulate TGF-β-induced cell growth inhibition.
Our analysis suggests that the antagonistic potency of AnTβ can be used as an anti-TGFβ signaling factor in the future perspectives.

Hyperglycemia is a major cause of diabetes. Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction is generally believed to be the basis of diabetic vascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases. The most important molecules in endothelial cells that can sense elevated level of glucose and transmit signals into the cell are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).In the present study, according to bioinformatics analysis of genomic sequences between healthy and patient individuals, two G proteins GPR182 and CALCRL were selected and their expression level were examined in hyperglycemic and normal conditions in HUVEC as a model of vascular endothelial cells at different glucose concentrations and various time intervals. In addition, the effects of hyperglycemia on cell viability and cell cytotoxicity were assessed by MTT and LDH assay respectively and also morphological changes by immunohistochemistry.Overall our data reveal a probable role for GPR182 and CALCRL in hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. Thus, they could be developed as a potential molecular targets for the endothelial dysfunction therapy.

Fusarium seedling blight is a disease of cereal crops caused by a group of trichothecene producing Fusarium species such as Fusarium graminearum. Control of seedling blight has received less attention than control of Fusarium head blight. Application of chemicals which activate plant defense mechanisms before pathogen attack without environmental side effects of protective chemical agents have stimulated great deal of researches in this area. Hence in this study, the effect of seed priming with salicylic acid on Fusarium seedling blight incidence and severity was investigated. According to our results seed priming with salicylic acid improved wheat defense against Fusarium seedling blight in both cultivars. Salicylic acid treatment induced chitiniase gene expression in both cultivars as compared to their controls; however, this increase was much higher in salicylic acid treated Falat than salicylic acid treated Sumai3. Based on the results, increase in gene and protein expression of chitinase could induce host resistance against Fusarium seedling blight caused by F.graminearum.

DNA markers are inevitable tools of human identification in forensic science. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are one category of these markers which is concerned to use especially in the case of degraded DNA because of their short amplicons. Detection of highly informative SNPs by the criteria is the essential step to develop a useful panel of SNP markers. The purpose of this work is to get high informative SNPs for human identification in Persian ethnic of the Iranian population. Genotype and allele frequencies of 10 SNPs from the SNPforID browser were determined by a PCR-RFLP method on 100 samples that was taken from 100 unrelated Persian people. These ten SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P value > 0.1) except rs1355366 (P value = 0.02) and Heterozygosity of seven SNPs is greater than 0.45 but minor allele frequency of only four SNPs is more than 0.45. According to criteria only three SNPs rs1454361, rs2111980 and rs2107612 can pass all standards and are highly informative in population for forensic uses. Our data showed that the CPI (Combined probability of Identity) and CPE (Combined Power of Exclusion) for ten SNPs are 1.13 E-04 and 0.809 respectively. It was also showed based on the criteria only three SNPs (rs2107612, rs1454361 and rs2111980) are highly informative in Persian population. If we can find 39 SNPs with PE and PI close to PE and PI of these three SNPs (rs2107612, rs1454361 and rs2111980), we will be able to use of these 39 SNPs in human identification with sufficient power of discrimination.

In recent years, many studies have been performed on for use in various of science. The proper design and synthesis of these has a direct impact on their -chemical properties and their applications, especially in the field of biological sciences. There are several methods for magnetic synthesis. One of the simplest and most efficient methods for synthesis of magnetic is a chemical co-precipitation method, but of magnetic is one of the limitations of this method. In this study, various protocols for the synthesis of magnetic by co-precipitation method and silica coating of magnetic were performed and the effect of different factors such as the type of alkaline compound, the use of , temperature and in dispersion, aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles and their stability in aqueous solutions was investigated. Finally, a simple and reproducible protocol for magnetic synthesis with appropriate size distribution and high dispersion in aqueous solutions was optimized for use in biological applications.

Contradictory results have been obtained regarding the role of integrin, beta 3 (ITGB3) gene polymorphisms in occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to assess the association between 1565C/T polymorphism of ITGB3 gene and increased risk for acute MI in patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Our study included 1000 premature CAD patients that classified into two groups with history of MI (n = 461) and without of MI (n = 539). The polymorphism variants in 10% of samples were determined by PCR-RFLP technique and genotyping of the polymorphism in all subjects was conducted by High Resolution Melting method. Given the two conditions of patients residing in Tehran and also faced with their first episode of MI, 640 out of 1000 study samples that had been previously followed-up were assessed in a retrospective cohort phase regarding long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE). There was no significant difference in the frequency of 1565C/T polymorphism between the MI and non-MI groups. The frequency of wild genotype was 69.2% and 72.2%, the frequency of homozygous genotype was 21.3% and 18.4%, and the frequency of mutant genotype was 9.5% and 9.5%, respectively (P = 0.505). No significant difference was also found in total-MACE free survival rate between the patients with different genotypes of 1565C/T polymorphism in both MI and non-MI group. The carriage of the 1565C/T polymorphism of ITGB3 gene seems unlikely to be a significant risk factor for the development of MI in Iranian patients with premature CAD.