melinaz rahman gholhaki

To investigate whether the type of early sport participation (early specialization and diversification), age of sport initiation, and level of sports performance can enhance creativity in elite karate athletes.

This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted among National Team and the Premier League Karate athletes (69 subjects). The Torrance Creativity Scale and Personal History Questionnaire were used to determine the individual's level of performance and type of physical activity. The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) (1977) found that fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration were the most important cognitive processes for defining and assessing creativity. Sixty-nine karate athletes (Mage = 24.05, SD = 1.42) were randomly selected to complete a questionnaire regarding creativity, type of participation, and championship history. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. Examination of the main post-hoc outcomes was performed using pairwise Bonferroni-corrected comparisons. The significance level was set at P=0.05.

The results showed that athlete creativity at the global competitive level is improved by diversifying the sport. However, local competitions encouraged the creativity of early athletes specializing in their sport. Moreover, the beginning of the sports era brought increased precision and flexibility, increased success on a global scale, and influenced creativity. Diversification makes no difference in language ability or originality.

The results indicate that the type of sport practiced and the age at which the sport begins can positively influence creativity in karate athletes.

Volleyball is a team sport that requires high physical and perceptual-cognitive fitness, therefore, during the competition, an increase in the feeling of physical and mental fatigue is observed among the players. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of oral toughness on volleyball athletes in league competitions. The research design and implementation method were experimental, and the sampling method was implemented randomly. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical sample of this research consists of 42 athletes from 2 Premier League teams participating in Iran's 2023 season. Therefore, all 42 people are selected as a statistical sample The results of the research showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between psychological toughness and sports performance. 9.3 percent of the variance of performance/ Also, among the components of tenacity, the fighting component explained a significant predictor of sports performance. The findings showed that stubborn athletes have better performance. Therefore, it seems that evaluating and strengthening stubbornness can play a practical role in intervention planning with the aim of increasing performance. mental toughness has a direct and significant effect on sports performance; Also, stubbornness has a positive and significant effect on sports performance. Finally, the results of examining the role of the mediator variable showed that mental toughness has a significant effect on sports performance through the creation of a skill. According to the findings of the present research, it is recommended to the officials and coaches of the student teams not to neglect the role of psychological skills in obtaining the desired results and to benefit from the training and practice of these skills in order to improve sports performance.

The current research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the selected movement program on the executive function and motor function of children with developmental coordination disorder. The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all male students of 7-9 years old in normal schools of District 22 of Tehran in 2022 who had been diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder. Of these, 28 people were selected in an available manner and randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The research tools included the Second Edition of the Children's Movement Assessment Test (MABC-2) by Henderson (2007), the Neuropsychological Questionnaire (CNQ) by Connors (2004), and the Neuropsychological Test (Nepsy) by Corkman et al. (1998). Finally, multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the post-test of the experimental group and the control group in the neurocognitive functions of attention, agility (placing pins and drawing a maze), aiming (throwing sandbags and receiving and throwing) and balance (way heel-toe walk, static and balance (p<0.05). No significant change was observed in the reaction time test and manual dexterity subtest (threading) (p>0.05). From the above findings, it can be concluded that the physical training program improves neuropsychological indicators and motor performance of children with developmental coordination disorder.

The present study aims to investigate the effect of the SPARK training program on some neuropsychological and motor performance variables in the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2) in male children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD).

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design. Participants were 28 school-aged boys diagnosed with DCD (based on the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) from elementary schools (1-4th grades) in District 22 of Tehran, Iran. They underwent the MABC-2 tests as a pretest assessment. Then, they were divided randomly assigned to training (n=14, mean age: 8.6±1.39 years) and control (n=14, mean age: 8.11±1.15 years) groups. The training group performed the SPARK training program at 16 sessions of 45 minutes, three sessions per week. At the end of the training sessions, participants completed the posttest assessment. Data analysis was performed using analysis of covariance. 

The training significantly improved motor performance in domains of manual dexterity (Placing pegs, drawing a trail), ball skills (catching with both hands, throwing a bean bag onto mat), and balance (One-board balance, heel-to-toe walking forwards, hopping on mats) (P<0.05), but there was no significant change in manual dexterity test of threading lace (P>0.05). 

It seems that the SPARK training program can improve some neuropsychological and motor performance indices in male children with DCD.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise intervention on some Event Related Potential and motor performance variables in children with developmental coordination disorder.

In this Quasi-experimental study were selected 28 people with Developmental Coordination Disorder among 7-10 years male students in Tehran. They were screened for study according to the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorder. PsyTask software made by Mitsar Russia was used to build and run the response inhibition test.  Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) was used to measure motor function. The analysis of the covariance was used for data analysis.

The analysis of the covariance the posttest ERP showed that latency of NoGo P300 component in Fz and P4 regions, amplitude of NoGo P300 component in Cz region improved significantly after exercise training. Likewise, the results showed that the experimental group improved significantly in manual dexterity, aiming and catching, balance, but there was no significant change in Threading Lace item.

According to the results of this study, it seems that Physical training interventions has a signification effect on some neuropsychological and motor performance indices of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder.

The aim of study was finding the most efficient training with emphasis on developing sport skills. The 120 boys 10-12 years grade 3th to 5th Qom city selected and randomly were divided into four groups of volleyball, soccer, basketball deliberate practice and deliberate play. All of the subjects received pre-test and post-test AAHPERD volleyball, soccer and Basketball sport skills test. They performed their training program for16 weeks and 3sessions per week and 90minutes each session. For data analysis, due to normality of the data, and MANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used for intra-group and inter-group comparison. The results showed that compared four groups, deliberate play had improved volleyball, soccer and Basketball skills. volleyball and soccer deliberate practice can be improved soccer dribble skill and control dribble and defensive movement basketball skills. basketball deliberate practice did not improve the others soccer and volleyball skills. The results showed that deliberate play as deliberate exercise can cause the development of athletic skills by developing the general cognitive and physiological skills and providing a rich environment for children and partly replaced the deliberate practice.