milad rostami

Polymeric foams are of great importance due to their special features such as lightweight, heat, and sound insulation properties. Also, production of polymeric foams saves the consumption of materials due to the use of less raw materials. As a result, it reduces the pollution in the environment. Researchers have shown that by increasing the cell density and decreasing the cell size, better properties of polymeric foams can be achieved. It is accessible by increasing the pressure drop rate of the system with changes in the geometry of the extrusion mold. In this research, the effect of mold geometry, including mold diameter, was assessed on the structural properties of polyethylene foams produced by the physical foam extrusion method with carbon dioxide foaming agent at a process temperature of 130 °C and 2 wt% of nucleating agent. The diameter of the mold was set at 1, 2, and 3 mm to create different pressure drop rates. The results showed that the decrease in the diameter of the nozzle caused an increase in the system pressure. This increase of 1 mm resulted in the system pressure prevailing over the gas injection pressure and caused insufficient gas to enter the system. In the sample with a 2 mm, the pressure of the gas entering the system was higher and the expansion was about 2.25 times, which is more than the 1 and 3 mm molds.

The erosion phenomenon and sediment transport are the most important hydrodynamic processes that effect watersheds, rivers, coasts, ports, dams, bridges, roads, farms, and civil facilities. Waz is one of the main rivers on the northern slope of Alborz in Mazandaran province. This river has a morphological dynamic behavior and affected by various factors including geology, slope, land-use, and the condition of hydraulic flow. The aim of this study was to assessing the bank of Waz River stability using BANCS model, which is include NBS and BEHI indexes. To assessing the rate of bank erosion in the Waz River, in a three kilometer interval, eight cross-section were selected using field impression and mapping the parameters e.g. side height and angle, bank-full width, bank-full average depth, the maximum average-depth of bank in bank-full, the curvature radius, and bank material based on NBS and BEHI models. Regarding the results for each cross-section based on bank erosion risk index, near bank shear stress and comparing with field surveys, the banks with more risk of bank erosion and more stable banks were determined. Besides, comparing the results obtained from BEHI and NBS models with field surveys showing more efficiency of BEHI model for the Waz River.

Considering the worldwide increasing rate of energy consumption and its environmental degradation effects, and considering the use of none-renewable energy sources such as the fossil fuels, consideration of energy management issues has become more important. Given the 40% share of the building industry's total energy consumption, as well as the 80% share of energy consumed during the operation period, of the total energy consumption during the life cycle of the building, attention to the areas of energy management and optimization during the operation period of the buildings can have a major impact on energy efficiency. In this research, through identifying building energy management tools and studying previous studies and assessing the effects of building energy management systems, the economic and environmental impacts of using building energy management systems on the annual energy consumption in an office building in Tehran as a case study has been investigated. The results indicate a 32 percent reduction in the energy consumption and a significant reduction in the release of the environmental pollutants in smart mode compared to the baseline. Moreover, considering the social costs associated with the emitted pollutants as well as the return period, it has been attempted to identify the factors contributing to the economic justification of using smart heating and cooling systems. According to the results, the use of smart energy management systems can be considered as an effective step in optimizing and managing energy consumption in the construction sector.

Rivers provide water and energy for nature and humans. Thus, water supply is the most important economic role of rivers. Process of erosion sediment transportation is one of the most important hydrodynamic processes which affect a lot of hydraulic systems such as basins, rivers, coasts and harbors, dams, bridges, farms, and construction facilities. Taleghan River is a major river located in the south hillside of Alborz. The river has dynamic behavior affected by various factors including geology, gradient, land use, hydraulic flow condition, and morphological behavior. Analyzing the stability of Taleghan river bank using mathematical and statistical models and comparing its results with field observations is the aim of this research. Therefore, to achieve this aim BEHI model and statistical one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used and then compared with field and visual observations. The results concerning scoring show moderate to high danger of riverbank erosion in upstream sections and high to very high danger of riverbank erosion in downstream sections. According to the results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the effects of gradient and discharge have been more than the other parameters. In this analysis, the meaningful parameters consist of mean depth; bank full, riverbank high, discharge, and gradient. According to the results, erodible edges were identified.

Erosion and sediment transport are the important hydrodynamic processes in drainage basins that can affect many hydraulic and hydrologic systems such as rivers, beaches, ports, dams, bridges, roads, and farms. One of the most important sediment sources in Iran drainage basin is bank channel erosion that causes on-site and off-site effects. Therefore, investigating of channel/river band instability is necessary for engineering activities to stabilize the riverbank against bank erosion. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to investigate the instability coefficient of the Taleghan River and to find the engineering solution for its stabilization by using the Lin model. In view of this, all required parameters comprising slope, shear stress, slope angle, and satiability coefficient of grain are measured using filed study and Google earth imagery. Finally, bank satiability coefficient and effective rock size for revetment besides the riverbank is obtained in the study area. According to the results, the highest amount of bank erosion and consequently, the lowest stability coefficient and the largest stone at the threshold and effective on revetment are related to the 4th section. The lowest amount of erosion, as a result, the highest range of stability coefficient and smallest stone at the threshold and effective on revetment is related to the 1st section. The main reason could be the size of the grain size on the side, the slope of the basin, slope aside and bank full discharge width.

One of the most elements in river geomorphology, engineering and management is the channel issue. Rivers are natural and complex systems that their classification offers a better knowledge regarding their processes and forms. Based on dynamic and channel forms, rivers are varied and find natural changes over the years. However, nowadays anthropogenic effects comprising building structures such as bridges, and roads accelerate the destructive process. River classification is a suitable way to increase our knowledge about rivers. One important aspect of river is hydrogeomorphological understanding. Therefore the objectives of this study were to assess and analyze the Taleghan river hydrogeomorphological conditions using the geomorphological quality index method (MQI) in upstream of the Taleghan dam and to validate MQI in this river.

Six reaches in upstream of the Taleghan River have been selected and MQI for each reach determined using satellite images and field survey. In order to determine SQI for each reach, three aspects have considered including river processes continuity (longitudinal and crosswise), channel morphological condition, cross-section form, sediment bed loads and vegetation. These aspects investigated in the form of three  components consists of geomorphological functions, processes and river forms (F), artificial (A) and channel adjustments (CA).

After measurement and field observation of the Taleghan River, effective variables on morphological quality index were obtained in reach. MAI and MQI values for each reach were calculated and classification was done based on the range of each class. The condition of each reach based on MQI was explained as follows:The first reach: took place in a mountain area and upstream of the river that on both sides connected to the river and is limited.Based on the NBS model erosion of bank steam is in a minor amount and the average bed slope in this reach is 0.028 with gravel bed.Channel width is variable between 10 to 18 m and has a single channel pattern. The obtained MQI values in this reach is 0.714 that grouped in a good class. Reaches comprising four reaches (two, three, five and six) have the same condition that in the point of human interfering, morphological condition and values of bed and bank erosion have a normal array and grouped in moderate class.In reach 4 the river is fairly limited and flood plain is present discontinuously on one side and the other side is attached to the hillside. The river has a sinuouse pattern and bed load sediment formed by fine and coarse sand. Furthermore, forth reach strongly influenced by human changes consists of gravel and sand quarring, the existence of bridge structure on the river, presence of built-up area and destruction of vegetation along the river.

Discussion and conclusion

The results showed that reach one with score value of 0.714 due to low human interference and locating in upstream of the river categorized in a good class. Otherwise, reaches two, three, five and six have values of 0.58, 0.54, 0.59 and 0.61, respectively and they are categorized in moderate class; in these reaches in comparison to reach one the values of human interference have been increased. The reach four with MQI score value of 0.49, is categorized in a weak class because of human interference including gravel and sand exploitation and structures such as bridges on the river. The results reveal that the MQI model is approperiate for the classification of rivers in the Taleghan River in southern of Alborz Chain Mountain.

Resistance Spot welding (RSW) is a strong coupling process which involves electrical, thermal, and mechanical interactions. These make the whole welding procedure highly non-linear and difficult to model. In this paper, finite element analyzing tool, ANSYS, was used to simulate and model RSW. In order to improve accuracy, material properties were defined temperature-dependent and phase transformation was taken into account in simulation. The steel sheets in this study were AISI 1008 steel. The key parameters of the process including, contact radius, contact pressure, and temperature distribution were investigated. Also development of weld nugget during process was investigated and numerical calculations for nugget size showed good agreement with experimental results. This causes the weld nugget diameter abnormal variations and consequently reduces the weld strength. Therefore the tip of the electrode should be dressed in this process With these results, optimum settings for current, timing, and pressure of the spot welding machine can be formulated for different materials to produce the desired welding quality. In addition to magnitude of welding current, current shunting phenomenon affects the nugget size. In order to investigate the effect of electric current shunting, some tests were designed and simulated.

River channel change, bank erosion and bank sedimentation are natural process of alluvial rivers that cause destruction of agricultural lands and destroyed of structures around the river bank. The aim of this research is estimation of bank retrogression rate and bank erosion in Galali river (the reach between Galali and Shirvaneh village) due to assessment of changes and estimation of potential changes in frequency of bank failures (Safety Factor) and sediment load from the river bank in two different scenario and 12 hours and three reaches by BSTEM model. The big floods can be caused bank erosion in this river and this issue is so important because there are some dams have been constructed in downstream of this river so estimation of erosion and sediment load is very important. Results show that total eroded areas in first scenario are 0.244, 0.372 and 0.054 m2 in reaches 1, 2 and 3 and the total eroded areas in second scenario are 0.272, 0.1 and 0.054 in reaches 1, 2 and 3 respectively. According to bank stability and safety factor, all of three cross-sections are unstable in first scenario and safety factor is less that 1 but safety factor increase in second scenario so that safety factor is around 1 in reaches 1 and 2 and in reach 3 is more than 1. Therefore, by protection works on the erodible banks can be reduced the total volume of the sediment load from eroded bank.

A balanced anesthesia protocol is called perfect when it has fast induction, excellent recovery, the least effect on the cardiopulmonary system and sufficient analgesia. Many of anesthetic combinations have an analgesic effect without opioids. However, at the end of anesthesia, analgesia decreases or is incomplete. The purpose of this study was to evaluate anesthesia times, electrocardiogram (ECG) and analgesic effect of tramadol when administrated with ketamine, ketamine-diazepam, ketamine-midazolam, and ketamine-xylazine and selected a balanced anesthesia protocol in buzzards. Ten adult common buzzards (Buteo buteo) received seven different anesthetic protocols (with or without tramadol). In each protocol, anesthesia times, electrocardiograph parameters and analgesic effect were recorded. Excluding ketamine-tramadol, all protocols produced deep anesthesia in all buzzards. Among of all protocols, no significant differences regarding the amplitude and duration of waves (P, QRS and T) was found. By adding tramadol to anesthetic protocols, response duration to thermal sense increased up 3 hr after recovery. Tramadol did not make considerable effects on anesthesia times and ECG and made analgesic effect up to 3 hr when used with ketamine-benzodiazpins or ketamine-xylazine. Therefore, tramadol can be used with injectable anesthetics to make suitably balanced anesthesia in buzzards.

There are seven methods for estimating NBS, which include: channel pattern and bar assessment, ratio of radius of curvature to bank-full width (Rc/Wbkf), ratio of pool slope to average water surface slope (Sp / S), ratio of pool slope to rifle slope (Sp/Srif), ratio of near-bank maximum depth to bank-full mean depth (dnb/dbkf), ratio of near-bank shear stress to bank-full shear stress (τnb/τbkf) and use of velocity profile/isovel/velocity gradients. In this article, three methods were selected for estimating Near Bank Stress (NBS); Rc/Wbkf, dnb/dbkf, τnb / τbkf and then according to these methods, the erosion of the Galali river banks were determined at different levels from very low to extreme. Results showed that in the method radius of curvature to bank-full width (Rc/Wbkf), the bank erosion was moderate to very low and in the method near-bank maximum depth to bank-full mean depth (dnb/dbkf) in most cross-sections, the bank erosion was low and in method near-bank shear stress to bank-full shear stress (tnb/tbkf) the bank erosion was very high. Also, curvature coefficient shows that the river is sinuosity in cross-sections 1, 2 and 3 and is a meandering river in cross-sections 4 and 5. Comparing the results and field observation shows that the method near-bank maximum depth to bank-full mean depth is acceptable. Finally, in the Galali river, results of near-bank maximum depth to bank-full mean depth (dnb/dbkf) for assessment of the bank erosion (NBS) is better than method radius of curvature to the bank-full width (Rc/Wbkf) and near-bank shear stress to bank-full shear stress (tnb/tbkf). The Galali river has low to moderate bank erosion potential. Also, the river is sinuosity in upstream and is meandering in downstream and according to field observation, bank erosion potential in downstream of the Galali river is more that upstream.

The aim of this study was cilinical evaluation of anesthesia by intramuscular administration of ketamine combined with xylazine , diazepam and midazolam in hedgehogs. Seven hedgehogs were anesthetized by intramuscular (IM) administration of ketamine – xylazine (KX group), ketamine- diazepam (KD group) and ketamine- midazolam (KM group) with an interval of one week. The stages of anesthesia (induction time of anesthesia, the maintenance and recovery time) were measured and recorded. Data analyses showed that induction time and maintenance of anesthesia have not significant difference between all protocols P>0.05. Complete recovery time from anesthesia in KM group was longer than KX and KD groups p

This study investigates the relationship between emotional intelligence and its components with academic growth of students. This research is practical and uses descriptive and inferential statistics techniques to examine the hypotheses of this study. The data used in this study were collected using questionnaires. A self-made questionnaire was developed to collect personal and demographic data. Further, Sibria-Shrink's questionnaire was adapted to measure emotional intelligence and academic growth of the students. The study population consisted of 1829 students majoring in government and industrial management at the Islamic Azad University of Shoushtar. The sample consisted of 358 students that were selected using the cluster sampling technique. The analysis of the data using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation and comparing the averages) showed that: 1. emotional intelligence and its components correlate significantly and positively with the academic growth of the students, 2. The average scores of "motivation" and "self-control" components of emotional intelligence of the female students were higher than those of the male students, respectively, 3. The average scores of the other emotional intelligence components of the students did not differ significantly between the male and female groups, 4. the average academic growth of the male group and the female group did not differ significantly, and 5. general trends suggest that the academic growth of the students can be increased significantly by training them in enhancing their emotional intelligence.

Objective- This study aimed to compare sedation efficacy in intranasal administration of xylazine, diazepam and midazolam with or without ketamine in Chough.
Design- To determine the sedation efficacy, an experimental in vivo study was employed.
Animals- Seven healthy Choughs were examined in the current study.
Procedures- With an interval of one week, seven healthy adult non domesticated Choughs of either genders, weighing 232.54±14.5 grams, were sedated or anesthetized by xylazine (8 mg/kg), diazepam (8mg/kg) and midazolam (8mg/kg)with or without Ketamine(30 mg/kg).
Results- Fallowing intranasal administration of the subjects, sedation or anesthesia was produced in all groups.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-This study revealed that intranasal use of xylazine, diazepam and midazolame alone or combined with ketamine provides reliable sedation in Chough; however all anaesthesia protocols are not perfect to be used in surgical procedures.