milad sabzehara langaroudi

The present study was conducted to determine the causal model of the relationship between attachment styles and nomophobia with the mediating role of the dark triad of personality. The research method was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included undergraduate and graduate students of Gilan University in the academic year of 2023-2022, and 250 of them were selected by convenience sampling method. The data collection tools in the present study are the Short Dark Triad (SD3; Jones & Paulhus, 2014), Attachment Style Scale (AAS; Hazan & Shaver, 1987), and Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q; Yildirim & Correa, 2015). The results showed that the proposed model had a good fit. Also, the findings showed that the secure attachment style has a negative direct effect on nomophobia and avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles and the dark triad of Machiavellism, narcissism, and psychopathy have a direct positive effect on nomophobia (P<0.01). On the other hand, the results showed that attachment styles have an indirect effect on nomophobia through the dark triad of personality (P<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that dark personality traits play a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles and nomophobia.

The present study was conducted to determine the mediating role of emotional deprivation in the relationship between parental emotional and physical abuse and social anxiety in women. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included women between 20 and 40 years old who lived in Karaj city in 2022. 253 people from this community were selected by convenience sampling method. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ, Bernstein et al., 2003), the Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ, Jarbak, 1996), and the Emotional Deprivation subscale of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ, 1998) were used to collect information in this research. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The research results showed that the model was a good fit. Also, the results indicated that physical and emotional abuse of parents and emotional deprivation have a direct effect on women's social anxiety (P<0.05). Also, parental physical abuse has an indirect effect on social anxiety through the mediating role of emotional deprivation (P<0.05). However parental emotional abuse does not have an indirect effect on social anxiety through the mediating role of emotional deprivation. Therefore, it can be concluded that physical and emotional abuse by parents as well as emotional deprivation hurt the incidence of social anxiety in women, and among these, physical abuse by parents has a stronger effect.

One of the signs of people's mental health is the ability to adapt to different life conditions. This study aims to explore how parent-child interaction, sense of security, entitlement schema and adjustment are related, and how resilience mediates these relationships.
The participants are 250 female high school students from Rudsar city, who were selected by convenience sampling from 5 schools in the academic year 2023-2022. The data were collected online using the following instruments: the Parent-Child Relationship Assessment Questionnaire (PCRS), the Sense of Security in Family System Questionnaire (SIFS), the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), the California Social Adjustment Questionnaire (CSAQ) and the Resilience Scale (SQRS). The data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient test and structural equation modeling with LISREL-8.8 and SPSS-22 software.
The results showed that the data has a good fit with the proposed research model. The results showed that parent-child interaction, sense of security and entitlement schema have a direct and significant impact on the adjustment of female students. Moreover, there was an indirect and significant impact of parent-child interaction, sense of security and entitlement schema on the adjustment of students through the mediating role of resilience (p > 0.05).
The results suggest that the type of parent-child interaction, sense of security and the schemas created can influence the individual’s adjustment with the environment, and resilience plays a mediating role in this process. Therefore, paying attention to these variables is recommended to parents, counselors, psychologist and experts in the field of education.

The aim of the current research is to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness group training on psychological well-being, alexithymia and marital burnout. The current research is a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The population of the present study includes married women of Rodsar city in 2022. From this population, 30 persons were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of two-hour mindfulness group training and the control group did not receive any training. Psychological well-being scale (PWB), couple burnout measure (CBM) and Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS) were used to collect research data. To analyze the data, covariance analysis test were used. The results of the research showed that mindfulness group training is effective in increasing the psychological well-being and reducing marital burnout and alexithymia of married women (p<0.01). Therefore, the results of the present study are useful for families to use this intervention to improve psychological well-being, alexithymia and marital burnout

The present study was conducted to determine the mediating role of social support in the relationship between Family Emotional Climate and the behavioral problems of preschool children. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. This research was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of methodology. The statistical population included children aged 4 to 6 and preschool children living in Tehran in 2021, of which 358 children were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data, the Berne Family Emotional Climate Questionnaire (BEFCQ, Hillburn, 1964), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS, Zimmet et al., 1988), and behavioral problems of preschool children (Shahim and Yousefi, 2018) were used. To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation test and structural equation model and SPSS-V22 and PLS-V3 Smart software were used. The findings showed that the emotional atmosphere of the family has a direct effect on children's behavioral problems (β=-0.3 and P≤0.05), and social support has a direct effect on children's behavioral problems (β=-0.3 and P≤0.05). The emotional climate of the family had an indirect effect on children's behavioral problems through the mediating role of social support (β = -0.132 and P = 0.001); Therefore, the emotional atmosphere of the family and social support have a significant effect on the process of children's behavioral problems. These findings have practical applications for psychologists, school counselors, educators, and parents who are in contact with preschool children.

The present research was conducted to investigate the causal model of relationship between basic psychological needs and academic resilience in online education with the mediating role of ambiguity tolerance. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of method. The population of the current research was Rahman Institute of Higher Education’s student studying in the academic year 2021-2022. Two hundred and seven students out of the population were selected through convenience sampling method. The data collection tool in the present research included The Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG-S), Academic Resilience Inventory (ARI), and ambiguity tolerance (AT). Then the data were analyzed through structural equation method using SPSS 22 and Smart PLS 3 software. The research results showed that basic psychological needs positively and directly affect academic resilience (P<0.05). Moreover, the results revealed that ambiguity tolerance had a direct and positive effect on academic resilience (P<0.05). On the other hand, the indirect effect of basic psychological needs on academic resilience was confirmed through ambiguity tolerance (p<0.05); Therefore, it can be concluded that students whose basic psychological needs were satisfied more, had more tolerance for ambiguity; they were also more academically resilient; in the meantime, providing basic needs was especially important; Therefore, higher education administrators of the country should strive to develop these abilities in students.The present research was conducted to investigate the causal model of relationship between basic psychological needs and academic resilience in online education with the mediating role of ambiguity tolerance. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of method. The population of the current research was Rahman Institute of Higher Education’s student studying in the academic year 2021-2022. Two hundred and seven students out of the population were selected through convenience sampling method. The data collection tool in the present research included The Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG-S), Academic Resilience Inventory (ARI), and ambiguity tolerance (AT). Then the data were analyzed through structural equation method using SPSS 22 and Smart PLS 3 software. The research results showed that basic psychological needs positively and directly affect academic resilience (P<0.05). Moreover, the results revealed that ambiguity tolerance had a direct and positive effect on academic resilience (P<0.05). On the other hand, the indirect effect of basic psychological needs on academic resilience was confirmed through ambiguity tolerance (p<0.05); Therefore, it can be concluded that students whose basic psychological needs were satisfied more, had more tolerance for ambiguity; they were also more academically resilient; in the meantime, providing basic needs was especially important; Therefore, higher education administrators of the country should strive to develop these abilities in students.

The purpose of this research is to qualitatively investigate the biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs of chronic mental patients. This research was conducted using qualitative content analysis. A number of 23 chronic mental patients referred to Tahereh Neuropsychiatric Rehabilitation Center in Ramsar city in 2021 were selected by purposive sampling method until theoretical data saturation and were subjected to semi-structured interviews. Analysis and coding of the interviews showed four components with 26 sub-components. The biological needs component includes 6 sub-components: medical costs, lack of medicine, diet, exercise and physical activity, and physical and functional problems. The mental needs component of patients includes 7 sub-components: the presence of co-comorbidity, experiencing unpleasant emotions, lack of personal and social skills, lack of positive psychological characteristics, low quality of life and psychological exhaustion, and having fun and free time. The social needs component of patients includes 7 sub-components: need for family support, need for support from relevant organizations, lack of social facilities, social stigma, possibility of education, possibility of employment and need for support from specialists. The component of patients' spiritual needs also includes 6 sub-components: the need to have hope, perform religious rituals, lack of meaning and purpose in life, fear of death, loneliness and attitude towards God. The obtained findings show that there are different needs in the 4 biological, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions that must be paid attention to in order to improve the mental health and quality of life of chronic mental patients.

Harmful use of digital technologies is increasing among different age groups in society, especially children. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to this issue and educate families to empower them to deal with this issue properly. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of family education on digital game addiction. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and witness group. The statistical population of this study included male students of the fourth and fifth grades of Farid School in Ramsar city in the academic year of 2019-2020. Those had a cut point above 90 in Videogame Addiction Scale for Children (VASC) were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 20) and witness (n = 20) groups. First, in the pre-test stage, the Videogame Addiction Scale for Children (Yilmatz, Griffiths, & Ken, 2017) was performed on both groups. The experimental group then takes a family education course. At the end of the training period, post-test was performed again in both groups and the data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 24. The results showed that the mean of digital game addiction and its components in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group (p <0.05). According to the findings, it can be concluded that family education is effective in reducing addiction to digital games. Therefore, designing and implementing training courses for families can be helpful in reducing their children's harmful use of such new electronic technologies.

This research examine the relationship between death anxiety with extrinsic aspirations in two studies. First study is descriptive and correlational. 457 students were selected by convenience sampling method and completed the death anxiety scale and aspiration index. Second study conducted in an experimental method with 2 Group, Post-test Comparison. Participants were 104 students selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups and with using the task of called death thoughts and the aspiration index tested the effect of mortality salience on extrinsic aspirations among them. In the first study with using the Pearson correlation coefficient a significant positive association were observed between attractiveness with death anxiety and its subscales. The results of MANOVA in the second study showed that mortality salience decreased importance of extrinsic aspirations in the experimental group in comparison with the control group. Also, the effectiveness of mortality salience on attractiveness was significant. The results in accordance with the principles of humanist and existential views and Self-Determination Theory and Terror Management Theory emphasize to awakening role of death awareness on the avoiding of pursuit of non-authentic life style (pursuit of unhealthy aspirations).

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between test anxiety with mental health and implicit-explicit self esteem. The comparison of these constructs between talented and normal schools students was assessed as well. 112 talented school male students and 96 normal school male students from Khorasan Razavi were selected by convenience sampling and completed the package of instruments including: Test Anxiety Scale (TAS; carver & shyer, 1981), General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12; Goldberg, 1972), Pope Self-Esteem Scale (PSES; Pope, 1989) and Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). Results showed a negative association between explicit self-esteem and mental health with test anxiety, but no significant association for test anxiety and implicit self-esteem. In addition, there was no significant difference between two schools in test anxiety and implicit self-esteem. But the mental health of talented school students was higher than the mental health of normal school students. The findings of this study showed that the academic and social context of students is essential for determination of their level of mental health and self-esteem and dominance on academic challenge and hence, reduce their test anxiety.

Thisstudyaimed at investigating the psychometric properties of Contingencies of Self-Worth scale in a sample of Iranian university students. The sample included 502 undergraduate students in Payame Noor University of Langaroudwho were selected via convenience sampling method and asked to complete the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale (CSWS)، Integrative Self-Knowledge (ISK)، Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF)، Margolis-Thomas Narcissism Scale (MTNS) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). First، confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor structure of the scale for the Iranian sample does not fit that of the American samples. Thus، to find an appropriate factor structure with Iranian sample exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis and oblimin rotation was conducted and the results showed that 6 factors fitted the data structure. Convergent and divergent scale validities were confirmed and Cronbachalpha coefficients also revealed a good internal consistency of the scale. The findingswere discussed based on Self-Determination theory and Contingencies of Self-Worth theory