فهرست مطالب mina abousaidi

Measurement of financial literacy of various classes of society has been considered in many internal and foreign studies, but the evaluation of the financial literacy of the companies' managers has not been noticed especially in the national level. So, the present study was designed and conducted with the aim of evaluation of the financial literacy of the companies' managers and identifying the factors effective on it.

In the qualitative stage of the study, the components of managers' financial literacy have been identified using phenomenological method and after being verified and weighted, the managers' financial literacy questionnaire was codified and approved by the experts. Then, in the quantitative stage of the research, using cluster sampling method, the questionnaires were distributed among 229 managing directors and members of the board of directors of the selected companies and the collected data was analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques.

The findings of the qualitative section indicates that the components of the managers' specialized financial literacy include analysis and identification of the financial statements, familiarity with the rules of insurance, labor , taxation, banking, cheque , money laundering, export and import and capital market. The results of testing hypotheses in the quantitative section also indicate inefficiency of managers' financial literacy in the general and private financial literacy domains. Some factors including educations, management record, the size of the company and passing financial courses may influence the managers' financial literacy.

The results showed that the managers lack sufficient financial literacy especially in the specialized domains and they are required to appropriately increase their financial skills in the specialized domain.

The present study has presented an appropriate instrument for evaluation of the managers' financial literacy with a qualitative phenomenological approach for the first time in Iran and this may be a starting point for performing new studies in this domain.
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Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is currently widely accepted as the treatment of choice for opioid replacement therapy.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections as well as psychiatric disorders in our MMT cases.
Patients and Using a cross-sectional study design, we studied patients treated for opioid abuse or addiction who attended MMT programs in Rafsanjan, Iran, from March to June 2012. HIV, HBV, and HCV test reports were recorded from MMT clients’ documents (ELISA and Western blotting results), and psychiatric disorders were diagnosed by two trained psychology interviewers according to the DSM-IV criteria.
Of the 1,825 patients included in this study, 1,737 (95.2%) were men with a mean age of 28.00 ± 7.69 years (range: 18 - 52 years). In total, 64 (3.5%) subjects showed symptoms of depression and 21 (1.2%) had anxiety. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV were 4 (0.2%), 31 (1.7%), and 18 (1.0%), respectively. The association between psychiatric disorders and chronic diseases did not reach a statistically significant level (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.193).
The prevalence of HBV, HIV, and psychiatric disorders in our study group was lower than in previous reports. This may be because we entered participants from private MMT centers. Therefore, our results are not generalizable to other populations. Nevertheless, HCV prevalence was higher, and our results lead us to recommend that training programs be planned to prevent the outbreak of these viral infections.