mina norouzi

The growth of mining is a sign of people's desire to reduce their dependence on centralized economic and legal systems in the age of information technology. In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the role of mining in the development of trade with a jurisprudential approach.

This is a descriptive-analytical article using the library method to investigate the question.

Ethical considerations:

 In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

Findings indicate that the extraction and sale of cryptocurrencies are not in conflict with rules such as high risk transaction, usury and the principle of maintaining order and has been accepted in terms of the principle of compromise. Meanwhile, cryptocurrencies are influential in business development. Cryptography has facilitated monetary and trade relations by eliminating intermediaries. In addition, cryptocurrencies are secure and transparent; It is international and is not sponsored by any bank. The result of such features is the development of international trade.

Given the development of cyberspace and its functions in human life today, it may not be necessary to avoid the use of cyber money and it is necessary for economic policymakers to have a clear approach to digital currency in regulating this phenomenon. Iran can not be indifferent to domestic and international monetary, commercial and economic events and needs and its political and social consequences.

One of the most important aspects of human life that has been influenced by advances in science and technology is the e-commerce space. In this space, one of the important variables is the "payment process" and one of its important tools is the cryptocurrencies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the nature of cryptocurrencies from the perspective of the jurisprudence of the international legal system.

This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

Findings show that in the field of jurisprudence, considering the principles and rules of jurisprudence, there is no explicit prohibition regarding the permission to consider cryptocurrencies as an example of the concept of property and their transactions seem correct. On the other hand, in the field of international law, governments, and in particular the first economic powers, for various reasons, which have been reflected in numerous reports of international economic organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, etc. The cryptocurrencies are viewed with skepticism.

In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

The results show that from the perspective of government jurisprudence, the use of cryptocurrencies has many challenges because cryptocurrencies lack national support. On the other hand, this issue has caused that in the field of international law, commercial-financial organizations are not willing to explicitly identify cryptocurrencies as money in the form of binding documents.

The aim of this research was finding optimal policy to increase revenue from selling ticket of football competitions in Iran. To do this, at the first step, the effective factors on ticket price have been identified through literature and using the Delphi method which 21 high ranked variables were selected. In the second phase, the casual loop diagrams as the basis of stock and flow diagrams have been depicted through literature, regression equation and interviewing. The equation governing the relations have been obtained through 13 designed questionnaire whose validity have been approved by experts and was reliable based on 0.76 Cronbach’s Alfa criteria and the conceptual model has been obtained. Then, using valid values for constant variables the behavior patterns have been depicted by the model. At the final step, the validity of model has been examined with employing 3 methods of the Reality check, the sensitivity analysis and the test under extreme conditions. On the basis of results, three policies have been evaluated: the time of games, the method of ticket selling and advertisement on games. The results show that the advertisement has most effect on ticket price and so on revenue from a game in this context.

Dans cet article, notre objectif consiste à donner quelques pistes de réflexion sur l’enseignement/apprentissage de loral dans les universités iraniennes, car la place de loral n’y est pas nettement définie dans lenseignement du FLE. Pour vérifier cette réflexion, nous nous intéresserons spécialement aux productions orales des étudiants des cours de la licence en «langue et littérature françaises» de 2012-2015 à l’Université de Tabriz, où le problème du discours oral et de communiquer oralement en français affecte un assez grand nombre d’apprenants. Notre regard s’orientera sur une étude analytique et approfondie des problèmes consistant à en connaître les causes, à établir des moyens ainsi bien qu’à suggérer des propositions-clés qui aboutiront à l’acquisition des compétences de compréhension et d’expression orales. Notre intention est de participer à la mise en œuvre de lenseignement de loral en français, fondé sur une approche communicative qui vise le développement de la compétence de communication devenue nécessaire pour faire progresser la communication orale des apprenants de la langue française. Enfin, nous souhaitons que cette approche fasse partie du système éducatif et pédagogique de l’enseignement du FLE en Iran.