mitra namazi

This research was conducted with the aim of effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on post-traumatic stress, distress tolerance and dysfunctional attitudes of mothers of children with cancer. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population of mothers with a child with cancer was in Dr. Sheikh Hospital in Mashhad in 2019, 30 of them were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Research tools were PTSD questionnaires (Withers et al., 1993), distress tolerance (Simmons and Gaher, 2005) and dysfunctional attitudes (Weizman and Beck, 1978). The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention (Siegel et al., 2000). Research data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance test. The results indicated the effect of mindfulness on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, distress tolerance and dysfunctional attitudes of mothers with children with cancer. According to the results of this research, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness can be used to improve the psychological problems of mothers of children with cancer.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the the effect of reality therapy on depression symptoms and chronic pain in women with a veteran spouse and the mental health of girls aged 18 to 20 years. The quasi-experimental study was a pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of the study includes all women with veteran spouses and daughters aged 18 to 20 years in Gorgan in 2019. Among the spouses and children of veterans referring to the Gorgan Shahed Counseling Center, 60 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly selected in experimental group 1 (15 mothers), experiment 2 (15 children), control 1 (15 mothers), control 2 (15 children) were placed. The experimental groups received reality therapy training (8 sessions of 90 minutes) and the control groups did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. The research instruments were Depression Inventory (Beck, 1988), Chronic Pain Questionnaire (McGill, 1997) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hiller, 1979). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance in spss.22 software. The results showed that reality therapy has a significant effect on reducing depression, chronic pain in women and increasing the general health of children (p<0.001). Reality therapy can be used as an effective intervention method to reduce depression and chronic pain in women with a veteran spouse and increase the mental health of their children.

Cyberbullying has emerged as a significant issue in both theoretical and practical realms. The present study sought to investigate the efficacy of social cognition training on the empathy and moral indifference of adolescents who engage in cyberbullying.
 

The research design was a quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test control group design. The statistical population consisted of all male students in the second year of middle school in Gorgan during the academic year 2023-2024. Thirty participants were randomly selected using cluster sampling and allocated to experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received eight 60-minute sessions of social cognition skills training, while the control group did not receive any training during this period. The instruments used for data collection were Orgavo et al.'s Empathy Questionnaire (2017) to measure empathy, Caprara and Capana's Moral Indifference Questionnaire (2006) to assess moral indifference, and Antiad et al.'s Cyberbullying Questionnaire (2016) to determine cyberbullying behaviors.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups after social cognition training in terms of the effect on empathy and moral indifference variables in favor of the experimental group (p < 0.05).

The findings demonstrate that social cognition training is a promising approach to increase empathy and reduce moral indifference among adolescents who engage in cyberbullying. Given the importance of these factors in preventing cyberbullying, researchers and educators must consider incorporating social cognition training as a practical tool in their efforts to address this issue.

 Sexual abuse in its various forms leaves irreversible damages on the physical and psychological development of children and adolescents. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on experiential avoidance and post-traumatic growth in sexually abused girls.

Methods and Materials: 

The present research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included sexually abused girls studying in Western Tehran during the 2023-2024 academic year. Forty-five individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group consisting of 15 individuals). The first experimental group received Gilbert's Compassion-Focused Therapy (2010) and the second experimental group received Hofmann and Otto's Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (2008) in eight 60-minute sessions. The control group did not receive any psychological treatment. Research instruments included Lisak's Sexual Abuse Questionnaire (2005), Bond's Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (2011), and Tedeschi and Calhoun's Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (1996). Data were analyzed using covariance analysis, Bonferroni post hoc test, and SPSS software version 26.

 The results showed that Compassion-Focused Therapy was more effective than Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on experiential avoidance (F=24.91, P=0.001) and post-traumatic growth (F=51.26, P=0.001) in sexually abused girls (p<0.05).

 Compared to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Compassion-Focused Therapy can play an effective role in reducing experiential avoidance and increasing post-traumatic growth in sexually abused girls.

Family is the smallest social unit, its stability or instability affects family members and society. The purpose of this research was to compare the perception of parenting style, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual intelligence in girls with and without divorced parents in Gorgan city. This study was a causal-comparative descriptive research. The socio-statistics were all female students of the second year of secondary school in Gorgan in the academic year 2022-2023. 150 students (75 students with divorced parents and 75 other students) were selected by purposive sampling method. The research tools were Baumrind's (1972) parenting perception questionnaires, Yang's (1998) early maladaptive schemas, and King's spiritual intelligence (2008). To analyze the data, the statistical method of multivariate variance analysis and SPSS version 24 software were used. The results showed that there is a significant difference between girls with and without divorced parents in terms of perception of parenting style, primary incompatible schemas and spiritual intelligence (P<0.05). Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that students with divorced parents in the schemas of cut and rejection, impaired limits and listening to excessive noise; They had permissive and authoritarian parenting style and less spiritual intelligence than other students, and attention to their correction should be taken into consideration by psychotherapy specialists.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of executive function training on improving social adjustment and management control of hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants aged 8 to 10 years in Tehran.

The present study is a quasi-experimental research with pre-test-post-test and control group. Based on this, among hearing-impaired children with cochlear implantation at Loghman Hospital in Tehran in 1398, 30 children were purposefully selected and randomly placed in 2 groups of 15 people (experimental group and control group). The Adaptive Behavior Questionnaire (Wilde, 1968) and the Control Perception Questionnaire (Weiss, 1999) were used to collect data in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The executive function training package was taught to the experimental group participants during 8 sessions, but the control group participants did not receive any intervention in this regard.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that the intervention based on executive functions has a significant effect on social adjustment and perception perception of hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants in general (p <0.05).

Considering the effectiveness of executive function-based intervention in hearing-impaired children with cochlear implantation, it can be explained that the components of executive functions such as working memory, planning and mental organization can also improve social adjustment and thus perception management. Increase.

Mentally retarded children are children who differ from normal children in at least one area of mental characteristics, sensory abilities, communication skills, social behavior, and physical characteristics.

The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of Fordyce Happiness Education on resilience and psychological well-being of parents with mentally retarded children.

The present study was a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all parents with children with mental disabilities in Gonbad Kavous. 30 parents with children with mental disabilities were assigned to the experimental and control groups by voluntary sampling method (15 parents in each group). The experimental group underwent Fordyce Happiness training for 8 sessions of 90 minutes for two months. In this study, Connor and Davison (2003) Resilience Questionnaire and Reef Psychological Welfare Questionnaire (1988) were used. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that Fordyce happiness training has a significant effect on resilience and psychological well-being of parents with mentally retarded children. Thus, Fordyce Happiness Education has been able to increase resilience and improve the psychological well-being of these parents.

According to the results of the present study, Fordyce happiness training by using the technique of expressing emotions, avoiding worrying thoughts, living and getting acquainted with a healthy personality and parenting competency training can be an effective way to increase resilience and well-being. Psychology of parents with mentally retarded children.

The increased prevalence of cancer in the last decade and effects of this illness on various aspects of physical, psychological, and social life of people made cancer a major health problem of the century. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of meaning therapy on the level of pain and life expectancy among women with breast cancer. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre- and post-tests design with a control group. The statistical population of the current study included female patients with breast cancer in Tehran. Among these through convenient sampling, 30 people were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 individuals per groups). Multidimensional Pain Questionnaire and Life Expectancy Questionnaire were applied. The experimental group underwent meaning therapy for 10 sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Multivariate Covariance test was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that in all subscales of pain and life expectancy scales, after controlling for the pre-test scores, there was a significant difference between the average post-test scores of the experimental and control groups. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that meaning therapy has reduced pain and increased life expectancy in women with breast cancer.

Today the issue of employee health has received much attention from researchers. Motivation is an inner state that energizes, activates, moves human behavior and leads to certain goals. Self-efficacy is also a person's personal judgment of their ability to organize and perform an activity. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of happiness training on self-efficacy and work motivation in employees’ of General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism of Golestan Province.

The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population in this study included all employees of the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism of Golestan Province; Thirty of them who had lower work motivation and self-efficacy scores were selected by purposive sampling method and assigned in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research instruments included Kitchener’s work Motivation and Sherer’s Self-Efficacy Questionnaires.The experimental group then recieved Fordyce Happiness training program for 8 sessions (120 minutes each session). Analysis of covariance in SPSS-22 software was used for data analysis.

Findings from analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of work motivation (P<0.05). There is also a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of self-efficacy (p<0.05).

According to results of the present study, happiness training by using the art of expressing emotions, avoiding worrying thoughts, living in the present and getting acquainted with a healthy personality can be an effective way to increase self-efficacy and work motivation.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positive parenting group training for mothers and its effect on children's aggression and social skills. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre and post-test design, a control group, and a 3-month follow-up. Socio-statistics were all mothers of preschool children in district one of Gorgan city in 2018. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster, in which 2 schools were randomly selected from among preschool schools in district one of Gorgan city. In the next stage, 2 classes from each school and 60 mothers from the statistical community were randomly selected. They were placed in two groups of experimental (30 people) and a control (30 people). The experimental group was trained for 4 weeks, 2 sessions per week, and no intervention was performed in the control group. A follow-up was conducted 3 months later at the end of the post-test. The data were analyzed by covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test. Based on the results, the positive parenting training program was effective in all four components of aggression and social skills of preschool children (P<0.05). The results showed that positive parenting training has the necessary efficiency to reduce aggression and increase the social skills of preschool children.

Parents with children diagnosed with autism face special and unique challenges in life in the areas of parenting, family, emotional, social and economic issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on reducing the symptoms of chronic depression in mothers with children with autism.

The method of quasi-experimental research was pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population included all mothers with autistic children in Gorgan in 2018. 30 people (15 in the experimental group) and (15 in the control group) were selected as the sample by purposive sampling. The experimental group was trained in groups for 8 sessions and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. The research instrument was the Stress, Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (1995). Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that schema therapy training had a significant effect on reducing chronic depression in mothers with children with autism (p≤ 0.000).

Therefore, according to the findings, it can be concluded that the treatment scheme can be used to treat chronic depression in mothers with children with autism.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on increasing self-efficacy and life expectancy of divorced women and its effect on reducing the initial maladaptive patterns of their daughters. The scheme of this experimental study was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population was considered all divorced women and their daughters in Urmia in 2017. The sample consisted of 30 divorced women and their daughters who were referred to the family health clinic under the supervision of the Welfare of West Azerbaijan Province. These women were purposefully selected and divided into two experimental groups (15 people), and a control group (15 people) were randomly assigned. In the experimental group, the intervention was performed in groups of 8 sessions of 90 minutes based on schema therapy, but no intervention was applied to the control group. The instruments were Schier's self-efficacy questionnaire (1982), Schneider's life expectancy questionnaire (1991), and the short form of Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (1998). Research data were analyzed by covariance. Findings showed that schema therapy has effectively increased self-efficacy, the life expectancy of divorced women, and modulating maladaptive schemas of their daughters (P<0.000). Schema therapy as a technique can effectively improve the self-efficacy and life expectancy of these divorced women and modify the maladaptive schemas of their daughters.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of music therapy on aggression and general behaviors of 9 - 11 years old autistic children and its impact on their parents' mental health.

The present study was semi-experimental with pre-test design with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all children with autism in Gorgan (No.137). out of them, 30 people were secreted using a targeted sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (15 experimental) and (15 control) The experimental group was subjected to 16 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the research. The research instrument included Garz Scale (1994), Obvious and Hidden Aggression Questionnaire (1996) and Goldberg's Mental Health Questionnaire (1979). Analysis of variance (An oval) was (used to test the hypothesis.

The results showed that music therapy was effective on the stereotypical behaviors, physical aggression, and verbal aggression, relational aggression of children with autism and mental health (P<0.005).

Using music therapy can reduce aggressive and stereotypical behaviors and kilosy children with autism and improve their parents’ mental health.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training based on reducing stress on the desire for divorce, blood pressure and sexual fulfillment in unfaithful women with high blood pressure. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population included women who referred to psychological counseling services in District 1 of Tehran in 2018 for marital problems and infidelity. Thirty samples were randomly selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects in both the experimental and control groups answered the Roosevelt Divorce Questionnaires and the Halbert Sexual Realization Questionnaire, and blood pressure was measured using the same sphygmomanometer. Then, a mindfulness treatment program based on stress reduction was performed for 8 minutes for each session for 90 minutes, but the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the course, the subjects of both experimental and control groups were tested again by the same questionnaires and blood pressure was measured using the same sphygmomanometer. The data were used by analysis of covariance to test the hypotheses. The results showed that stress-based mindfulness training reduces the desire for divorce, blood pressure and increases sexual fulfillment in betrayed women with high blood pressure (p<0.01). Mindfulness training increased sexual fulfillment and decreased desire for divorce and blood pressure. Therefore, it is suggested to use mindfulness training to promote health, improve sexual function and interpersonal relationships of betrayed women.

Yang schema-based treatment model is an innovative combination of cognitive behavioral therapy with Gestalt and thematic relationships of psychoanalytic approaches. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of schema-focused cognitive group therapy training on modulating early maladaptive schemas in adolescent girls from divorced families. The research was conducted within the framework of a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all adolescent girls from the divorce family in Ghaemshahr welfare in 2018, from which 40 people were selected as the available sample and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. To collect information in this study, Yang (1988) early maladaptive schemas questionnaire was used and according to the subjects' designs were measured in two stages before and after group training. The executive program was performed for 8 sessions of 90-minute group training for the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any training. Univariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data and the findings indicated that the cognitive group therapy focused on schema, on the areas of cut / exclusion, self-management and impaired function, impaired constraints and other orientation in adolescent girls from Ghaemshahr divorce family is affected. The result of the study confirms the effectiveness of schema therapy in correcting maladaptive schemas and is able to help adolescent girls from the divorce family to adjust the schemas and can be used as a fruitful model in psychological counseling of girls living in welfare.