moein safari

The emergence of antibiotic resistance has been considered on efforts to achieve new drug combinations. Antimicrobial compounds derived from plants, eliminated bacteria with different mechanisms of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Antimicrobial effects of methanolic and acetone extracts of Peganum harmala and Lavandula angustifolia against some of human pathogenic microorganism.

The microorganisms used in this study were prepared from Persian Type Culture Collection, Iran. Soxhlet extraction method was used for extraction. Disk diffusion method was used to study the effect of antimicrobial and broth microdilution method were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC).

The results showed that methanolic extract of both P.harmala and L.angustifolia have antibacterial effect, while between acetone extract only acetone extract of P.harmala was antibacterial activity. The most antibacterial effect was related to methanolic extract of P.harmala, so that, inhibition zone diameter affected of this extract againts S. aureus was 19/67 Millimeters. The results showed that both methanolic extract have antifungal activity. Minimum bactericidal concentration for bacteria and fungi was 1000 mg/ml.

According to the study it was found that methanolic extract of both P.harmala and L.angustifolia possesses significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against pathogenic bacteria and C. albicans, Therefore, this extract can be considered as a natural herbal product for controlling bacterial and fungal infections.

Today, the use of natural ingredients in the food industry is one of the most important discussions in biotechnology. Medlar is an herbs that its therapeutic effects has been considered from the past years. The aim of this study was to determine of the antibacterial effects of methanolic extract of medlar leaves against some of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in vitro.

In this in vitro study, the fresh leaves of the Medlar were collected from the Lalam village. Soxhlet method was used to preparation of the medlar leaf extract. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluation of the antibacterial effect and broth microdilution method were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration.

The maximum antibacterial activity of this extract was against Staphylococcus aureus that inhibitory zone diameter around it was 31.83 Millimeters. MIC for all tested bacteria except Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 62.5 mg/ml and MBC value of the leaves extract was variable from 62.5 to 500 mg/ml.

The results of this study show that methanolic extract of medlar leaves has a strong antibacterial effect on both gram positive and gram negative foodborne pathogenic bacteria, therefore this extract probably can be considered as a natural herbal ingredients in the form of antimicrobial or food preservative agent.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential of cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua ISC67ý in the biodegradation of crude oil and evaluation of oil effect on physiological responses. In this experimental study, the cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua ý ISC67 was obtained from the algal ýculture collection. The growth rate of cyanobacteria in 1% treatment and control sample of crude oil measured at ýý750 nm and chlorophyll content in 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% treatments of crude oil measured at h nm ýý665nm wavelength using a spectrophotometer. For measuring of dry weight, firstlyý using weighed ýfilter paper cyanobacteria were isolated from the culture medium and their weights were measured ýafter drying. ýThe rate of biodegradation of crude oil analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the growth of this ýcyanobacterium in the presence of crude oil is almost same as of control sample.ý So that these growth rates are nearly equal and sometimes lower than the control sample. Also, with increasing concentrations of crude oil, dry weight of this cyanobacterium in 0.5% and 2% treatments increased compared to the control sample and it chlorophyll rate in the various treatments of crude is reduced The average of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation in 14 days of treatment compared to the control sample was at a rate of 42.32 % and and 28 days was 54.21% respectively. In this study it was found that cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua ISC67ý has great potential in biodegradation of crude oil. Therefore, these results indicate the potential of this cyanobacterium for its use as an indicator to eliminate pollution in contaminated areas.

Cyanobacteria have been identified as a new and rich source of bioactive compounds. Attention to the properties of cyanobacteria as a good source of secondary metabolites in the past was very low but today has been shown that these microorganisms have many applications in the medical field and pharmaceutical products. In this experimental study, the cyanobacteria of Synechococcus elangatus ISC 106, Fischerella ambigua ISC67 and Schizothrix vaginata ISC108‎ were obtained from the algal culture collection of research institute of applied science, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Extraction was performed by adding the solvent to cyanibacteria biomass and then filtering and drying the mixture. Disk diffusion method was used to study the effect of antimicrobial and broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The results showed that the methanol extract of Synechococcus elangatus had no significant effect on the bacteria, but the methanol extract of Fischerella ambigua showed antibacterial activity. Aqueous extract of Fischerella ambigua had significant effect on Gram-positive bacteria, so that maximum antibacterial activity was against Staphylococcus aureus (PTCC 1112) which the average zone diameter around it was 33.33 mm. Among tested extracts, only methanol extract of Fischerella ambigua ‎had inhibitory effects against four plant pathogenic fungi. The effect of aqueous extract Fischerella ambigua on Staphylococcus aureus (PTCC1112) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (PTCC1114) was more effective than all of the affecting antibiotics. The highest antibacterial activity of cyanobacteria was related to aqueous extract of Synechococcus elangatus and maximum effect of antifungal activity was related to methanol extract of Fischerella ambigua.Discussion and Among the three species of cyanobacteria, two species of cyanobacteria Fischerella ambigua, and Synechococcus elangatus had antimicrobial activity, thus it can be a good candidate for the extraction of antimicrobial compounds and many compounds found in these extracts can be used to monitor and inhibit many diseases.

Background and Cyanobacteria are rich sources of secondary metabolites. Antibiotic resistant pathogens are rising and people are more interested in using natural products these days. Hence, identifying competent cyanobacteria for the extraction of antimicrobial compounds is of great benefit. The main objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of methanol, ether and aqueous extracts of some species of cyanobacteria. In this experimental study, the cyanobacteria of Fischerella ambigua, Synechococcus elongatus and Schizothrix vaginata were obtained from the culture collection of algae at the Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture and Science. Extraction was performed by adding the solvent to cyanobacterial biomass and then filtering and drying of the mixture. The antimicrobial effect was studied using disk diffusion method and broth microdilution method was applied to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results showed that methanol, ether and aqueous extracts of Fischerella ambigua and aqueous extract of Synechococcus elongatus had considerable antibacterial activity. Ether extract of Fischerella ambigua was the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the average diameter of inhibition zone were 31/67 and 32/67 mm, respectively. The most effective extracts against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were the aqueous extract of Synechococcus elongatus and the ether extract of Fischerella ambigua, respectively. Two species of cyanobacteria Fischerella ambigua and Synechococcus elongatus were found with significant antimicrobial activity. The aqueous extract of Synechococcus elongatus was the best for isolation of antibacterial compounds and diethyl ether was an efficient solvent for the extraction of antimicrobial compounds from Fischerella ambigua species.

The most important pathogen in nosocomial infections are microorganisms in the patient''s body. 90 percent of nosocomial infections caused by bacteria. Medlar is an Medicinal Plants that its therapeutic effects has historically been emphasized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of methanolic and ethanolic leaf extract of medlar against bacteria isolated from hospital enviroment. In this experimental study، The Nosocomial bacteria were obtained from shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital، Ilam، Iran. Soxhlet extraction method was used for medlar leaf extract. Disk diffusion method was used to study the effect of antimicrobial and broth microdilution method were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa، three strain of Staphylococcus aureus and five strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from hospital. The results showed thatthe methanolic extract of Medlar leafinhibitedthe growth ofallstrains ofPseudomonas aeruginosaandfour strain of Staphylococcus aureus andalsoinhibits the growth ofallstrains ofEscherichia coli strainsexcept E4 strain. The maximumantimicrobialactivity was againstE2 strain thatzone diameteraround it was 19/67 Millimeters. Quantities of minimum inhibitory concentrationforallthreestrains P1، P2andP3and E2، E3، E5، S1،S2 and S3strains was equals with 125 mg/ml. Medlar leaf methanolic extract possesses significant antibacterial activity against bacteria causing nosocomial infections and so thisextractcanbe consideredin thecontrolofinfectiousdiseases.