mohamad hatami

Depression, as the most serious disease of the century, whose underlying factors play an important role in its formation and continuation, requires the design of treatments that have lasting effects. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of Analytical Schema Therapy (AST) in reducing depression symptoms and modulating early emotional needs

Methods and Materials: 

The current research was conducted as a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research was selected students of Tehran in 2020. The sample size included 24 people who were selected by a targeted method from among those who volunteered for treatment and were randomly assigned to two experimental (12 people) and control (12 people) groups. AST therapeutic intervention was performed for the experimental group during thirty sessions, one session of 60 minutes per week. People in the control group did not receive treatment at this time. The questionnaires used in this research included the Beck depression questionnaire (Beck, 1961) and the early emotional needs questionnaire (Ghaderi et al, 2021). The data obtained from this research were analyzed by the method of variance analysis with repeated measurement and using SPSS 25.0 software.

The results showed that AST treatment has a significant effect on reducing depression symptoms and modulating emotional needs (p<0.001).

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that AST treatment, with the development of techniques aimed at adjusting emotional needs, can be used as an effective intervention to reduce depression symptoms and adjust early emotional needs.

The aim of the present study was to construct and validate the scale of early emotional needs based on Yang theory of schema therapy.

This research was conducted by a combined qualitative-quantitative method. The first (qualitative) step was performed by data triangulation method. The required data were collected through interviews, available texts, receiving expert opinions, and through the method of grounded theory, the steps of coding, categorization, follow-up to saturation. In the second (quantitative) stage, the statistical population of Tehran students was selected in 1399. Among the Islamic Azad universities of Tehran, universities were selected from 5 districts of Tehran and 15 faculties were randomly selected to assess the questionnaires and the questionnaires were administered to 376 students of different levels and both sexes. Confirmatory factor analysis and maximum likelihood estimation (ML) methods were used to analyze the data.

Six needs and their related items were extracted. Analysis of standardized factor loads of all components on the total factor, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all early needs was greater than 0.7. All the needs of the researcher-made questionnaire were positively and at a significance level of 0.01 correlated with the five domains of Young's early maladaptive schemas.

Based on the findings, the ability of items to measure the six components of early needs was confirmed and the items of each need had the desired internal consistency, and the needs scale had convergent validity.

Dialysis patients are prone to various complications of trhe disease such as physical, economic, social, and psychological problems. The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life and blood pressure in hemodialysis patients.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and a 3-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study included 30 hemodialysis patients referred to Loghman Hospital in Tehran in 2019. They were selected using purposive sampling and divided into experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group underwent acceptance and commitment therapy (eight sessions of 90 minutes), but the control group received no intervention and remained on the waiting list. Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF™ 1.3) and blood pressure index were used to collect information.

The results showed that acceptance and commitment has a significant impact on the quality of life and blood pressure index of hemodialysis patients and the results were stable in the follow-up period (p<0.05).

In summary, the results showed that acceptance  commitment therapy has an effect on increasing the quality of life and reducing blood pressure in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, in addition to prescribing medicines, psychological interventions such as acceptance and commitment therapy are recommended for these patients.

Attention–Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent mental health disorder diagnosed in psychiatric outpatient clinics among school–age children. Researchers and clinicians indicated that mood disorders are among the main complications in children with ADHD that can affect their health. Another influencing factor on the general health of children and adolescents with ADHD is cognitive impairment. Public health is another issue encountered by students with ADHD. General health is associated with the dimensions of physical symptoms, anxiety, depression, and social functions; accordingly, a disorder in any of these dimensions can affect mental health, i.e., among the main characteristics of a healthy growth process. ADHD is associated with the risk of other conditions, like aggression in adolescence or obsessive–compulsive disorder. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between alexithymia, cognitive failure, and general health in high school students with ADHD.

The present study was a descriptive correlational research. The statistical population of the study included all high school students in public schools in Urmia City, Iran, in the academic year of 2019–2020. In total, 40 students out of 9294 (boys) and 11008 (girls) in the second year of high school, from 4 high schools located in one urban area (2 boys' schools & 2 girls' schools) were selected by multistage multi–cluster random sampling method. The study participants were selected based on the scores obtained from the Revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS; Conners et al., 1998), students’ records, and a researcher–performed diagnostic interview (to confirm the diagnosis of ADHD). The inclusion criteria of the study included having ADHD, neurological and psychiatric disorders (based on scores achieved from the CPRS, students’ records, and a researcher–conducted diagnostic interview, and the age range of 15 to 17 years. The exclusion criteria were providing incomplete questionnaires by the study subjects’ parents and non–cooperation in the interview process. Data collection tools were the CPRS, the Twenty–Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS; Bagby et al., 1994), the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ; Broadbent et al., 1982), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ; Goldberg & Hillier, 1979). Data analysis was performed by Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression methods at a significance level of 0.05.

There was a significant and reverse correlation between general health and alexithymia (r=–0.29 & p<0.001), and cognitive failures (r=–0.26 & p<0.001). Furthermore, the regression analysis data suggested that alexithymia (Beta=–0.29, p<0.001) and cognitive failures (Beta=–0.26, p<0.001) can predict general health in the explored secondary high school student with ADHD.

According to the research results, general health can be predicted with alexithymia and cognitive failures. Using psychological interventions could help improve the general health of children and adolescents with ADHD.