mohammad adineh

Considering the importance of using non‑invasive ventilation (NIV) in COVID‑19‑related hypoxemia, the present study was conducted to determine the effective factors on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) failure rate in COVID‑19‑related hypoxemia.

This research was a retrospective cross‑sectional study (2021) investigating the records of 200 adult patients with the medical diagnosis of acute respiratory failure (ARF) of COVID‑19, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in Shoushtar (southwestern Iran) who underwent CPAP therapy. The Heart rate, Acidosis, Consciousness, Oxygenation, and Respiratory rate (HACOR) scores were measured before the treatment and 1 h after undergoing CPAP treatment. Moreover, patients’ demographic and clinical data were recorded. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney, Chi‑square, Wilcoxon, and logistic regression tests. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.

The mean standard deviation [SD]) age of patients was 63.96 (16.23) years. Among all 200 patients, 78.50% (n = 157) experienced CPAP failure and the remaining 21.50% (n = 43) underwent successful CPAP therapy. Failure chance was 7.10% higher in patients with higher HACOR scores undergoing 1 h CPAP treatment than others. It was also 14.92% higher among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) than non‑DM patients. Additionally, old age (z = 2591.50, p value = 0.02), obesity (z = 2433.00, p value = 0.024), and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (z = 2620.00, p value = 0.0) impacted CPAP failure rates among patients.

The HACOR score 1 h after CPAP, DM, old age, obesity, and elevated BUN favor increased CPAP failure rates among patients.

 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that arises from experiencing traumatic events such as traffic accidents, war, natural disorders, and job incidents. This study focused on determining the epidemiology of PTSD in the Iranian population from 2019 to 2024.

 In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we explored databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Magiran to achieve a maximum variety of screened articles. The quality of the included articles was evaluated using the STROBE checklist. For data analysis, due to the variation in reporting the PTSD prevalence across the reviewed articles, heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 index, and a random effect model was applied to account for this variation.

 Out of 800 articles found in the initial review, only 15 articles were entered in the final analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a total of 9868 participants. The overall PTSD prevalence in the Iranian population was 31.87% (95% confidence interval [CI]=17.87- 45.87, I2=95.29%, P<0.001). Additionally, PTSD prevalence in men (36.64%) was higher than in women (35.52%).

 The prevalence of PTSD in young Iranian men is relatively high, and there was no statistically significant decrease in PTSD prevalence between 2019 and 2024.

 In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF) may require continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and having an appropriate criterion for early diagnosis and prediction of CPAP failure or success can significantly reduce the mortality of these patients.

 This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of heart rate, acidosis, consciousness, oxygenation, and respiratory rate (HACOR) score in predicting the success rate of CPAP in patients with COVID-19 induced hypoxemia.

 This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 adult patients aged 63.23 ± 16.23 years with mild to moderate acute respiratory failure (COVID-19), partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) < 300 mmHg, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) < 45 mmHg from March 21 to November 21, 2021. The patients were admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) of Khatam Al-Anbia (PBUH) Hospital in Shoushtar (southwestern Iran) and were subjected to CPAP for respiratory support. The HACOR score was calculated one hour after the CPAP onset. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-test, pair t-tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value indices were used to determine the diagnostic performance of the method. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05.

 The mean HACOR score one hour after the onset of CPAP was 3.50 ± 1.57 (P < 0.001), with a mean of 153.84 ± 27.42 mmHg PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio (P < 0.001). The cut-off point for the HACOR score one hour after CPAP was 5, which had a sensitivity of 98.06% (94.45% - 99.60%) and a specificity of 83.33% (68.64% - 93.03%). Out of 200 patients, 157 patients (78.5%) had CPAP failure, and 43 patients (21.5%) underwent treatment. The diagnostic accuracy values of the HACOR score and PaO2/FiO2 ratio for predicting CPAP failure were 94.92% and 95.96%, respectively.

 Our findings support that although the HACOR score had a good diagnostic performance in predicting the success rate of CPAP in patients with COVID-19-induced hypoxemia, PaO2/FiO2 ratio was also shown to be a good predictor of success.

The experiences of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) can be used as one of the important components to develop and provide humane and holistic care tailored to the needs and preferences of these patients.

The current study was conducted to explain the experiences of brain injury patients hospitalized in the ICU.

This was a qualitative study using conventional content analysis. The participants included brain injury patients with a history of hospitalization in the ICU and were selected using a purposive sampling method. At least 3 months after discharge from the ICU, face-to-face unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted with the participants to explore their experiences regarding hospitalization in the ICU. Finally, the collected datawereanalyzed basedonthe content analysismodelof GraneheimandLundman.

Data analysis indicated 238 compact semantic units (initial codes). Based on their similarities and differences, these codes were organized into 22 subcategories, 6 categories, and 2 themes, including “the suffering body and soul” and “illumination in the dark”.

The results of this study showed that hospitalization in the ICU is a very difficult and unpleasant experience for brain injury patients due to enduring an immense amount of physical and mental suffering. The ICU care and treatment team can moderate this unpleasant experience to some extent by paying careful attention to the physical and mental needs of these patients. The results of the present study can serve as a clinical manual for providing humane and holistic care tailored to the needs and preferences of brain injury patients hospitalized in the ICU.

Chest pain is an unpleasant and the most common symptom in patients suffering from unstable angina. This study was implemented to investigate the effect of Thai massage on severity of pain in patients with unstable angina.

This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial that carried out on 70 patients with unstable angina who had been hospitalized in hospital affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. The participants were allocated randomly to either the intervention (n = 35) or control group (n = 35) between August 1, 2016 and April 30, 2017. The patients in the intervention group received routine care beside and Thai massage with the duration of 30 minutes in two consecutive days. The patients in the control group received routine care. The intensity of pain was assessed by using the numeric rating scale, five minutes before and immediately, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after the intervention. The independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analysis data through SPSS 13.

After the intervention, the severity of pain was significantly diminished by about four measurement points (P = 0.001) with the linear pattern of pain reduction. Nonetheless, in the control group, no statistically significant difference in the intensity of pain was found.

This study showed that Thai massage as non-invasive approach, concomitant with standard nursing care, has the potential to decrease chest pain. Nurses should be taught about pain relief methods for improving the quality of patient care.

having a sufficient knowledge about blood and its products in is very important for nurse. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of combined education regarding safe blood transfusion on nurses' knowledge and practice.

This quasi-experimental study (before and after) was carried out with the participation of 50 nurses working in different wards of NZAJA Hospitals in Ahvaz in 2019. Units were selected at random and nurses were selected available. After selecting the samples based on inclusion criteria, the data were collected before and after the combined training using a questionnaire of knowledge and practice of nurses regarding safe blood transfusion and then using paired t-test, Weil Coxson and analysis of variance by repeated measures and SPSS software version 22 to analysis datas.

The results showed that the mean score of knowledge and practice of nurses regarding safe blood transfusion after intervention was significantly increased (p <0.001). The results also showed that the level of knowledge and practice after the intervention improved to moderate to good level before the intervention.

Considering the increasing level of nurses' knowledge and practice after the intervention compared to the pre-intervention, it is suggested to use this educational method to improve the knowledge and practice of nurses in different hospitals

Visiting the family can have a great impact on hospitalized patients. Investigation of these effects is necessary to provide better care for patients admitted to the cardiac care unit (CCU).

This randomized clinical trial study was performed in the Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2021. Sixty-two CCU patients were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The scheduled family visit was performed twice a day, 60 minutes each time, for 3 days in the evening and night shifts for the intervention group. The routine family visit was used for the control group. Data were collected by a satisfaction questionnaire and a checklist on vital signs. Data were analyzed using the chi‑square, t-test, and generalized estimating equations (GEE).

In the intervention group, unlike the control group, there was a significant difference between the mean heart rate and systolic blood pressure of patients during different times (P < 0.000). Also, the level of satisfaction was higher in the intervention group than controls (P < 0.000).

This study demonstrated that scheduled family visits not only did not interfere with patients' vital signs but also increased their satisfaction. Therefore, it is necessary to design appropriate visitation policies for patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit.

One of the problems of the treatment system is the high mortality and length stay of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), which has high costs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adjustment of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) based on PaO2 on the care and treatment outcomes of ICU patients.

This was a randomized clinical trial study in which the statistical population consisted of all patients admitted to the ICU of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, in the second half of 2020. 40 samples were selected based on available sampling method, and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. To collect the data, a demographic information questionnaire as well as Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scoring system were used. In the intervention group, adjustment of PEEP and FiO2 was performed based on PaO2 of patients in 7 days.

There was no difference between the two groups in terms of demographic variables. The mean scores of disease severity before intervention in the two groups were not statistically different; but after the intervention, disease severity score, duration of ventilator connection, and length of ICU stay were significantly lower in the intervention group.

The adjustment of PEEP and FiO2 based on PaO2 is effective in reducing the disease severity score, duration of ventilator connection, and ICU stay. It should be used as a nursing intervention in coordination with treatment team to reduce the consequences of hospitalization in ICU.

The effective design and implementation of the nursing interventions to evaluate the patients’ readiness for ventilator weaning will reduce their connection time to the ventilator and the complications of their connection to it. This study was conducted to examine the effect of nursing interventions based on the Burns Wean Assessment Program (BWAP) on successful weaning from Mechanical Ventilation (MV).

In this clinical trial, 70 patients undergoing MV in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Golestan Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran) in 2018 were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The nursing interventions designed based on BWAP were implemented on the patients in the intervention group, who were later weaned from the device according to this program. The recorded data included demographic information, BWAP score, vital signs, and laboratory values, which were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi‑Square, Fisher, and Mann‑Whitney U tests.

There was a statistically significant and inverse correlation between the BWAP score and the MV duration such that a high BWAP score was associated with a shorter MV time (p = 0.041). Also, the mean number of re‑intubation (p = 0.001) and the number of re‑connection to the ventilator in the intervention group were significantly lower (p = 0.005).

The results showed that nurses’ assessment of patient’s readiness for weaning from MV based on this tool and designed nursing care reduced the duration of MV, re‑intubation, and re‑connection.

As an essential principle, the collective life of human beings can constitute a human society only when human rights are respected. Demanding and respecting the rights of patients, as an inevitable part of human society, requires familiarity with patient-involved individuals. The present study aimed to determine the awareness level of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS) students about the Charter of Patients’ Rights (CPR). 

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 senior university students who had been in contact with patients during their undergraduate program. They were invited from different faculties of the university. The data collection tool was a two-section questionnaire. The first section covered the demographic information, and the second included 29 questions about the 5 principles of the CPR. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS by descriptive statistics, and analytical tests, including Independent Samples t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

From the 200 study participants, 103 (51%) were female. The Mean±SD of students’ awareness was 14.50±2.3. The highest and lowest mean scores belonged to the areas of access to services and confidentiality. There was no statistically significant difference between the awareness score of students from different faculties (P=0.359).

This study results suggested that the awareness level of the medical students about the CPR was unsatisfactory. Instituting ethical codes among students and providing them knowledge of their professional lives is an essential part of the university’s responsibilities.

Context: Identification and investigation of the prevalence of factors that may cause needlestick injuries can provide a field ground about preventive planning. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of sharp object injuries among the operating room staff of Ahvaz educational hospitals in 2017. Settings and Design: In the present cross-sectional descriptive study, attempts are made to assess the prevalence of needlestick injuries among 104 operating room staff (Bachelor of Science) of Imam Khomeini, Razi, Golestan hospitals of Ahvaz. Researcher-made questionnaire was sued for data collection. Statistical Analysis Used: The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and descriptive statistical tests (mean, standard deviation, and relative frequency) and analytical tests (independent t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher test). The results of this study showed that suture needle is the most common cause of needlestick injury. Factors that affect the frequency of needlestick injuries include overhastiness (76%), significant workload (70.2%), and not taking precautions (63.5%). Most needlestick injuries occur during surgery (90.4%), removal of needle (19.2%), washing of contaminated instruments (13.5%), and blood drawing and injection (6.7%). The most frequent taken measure after sustaining needlestick injuries is washing of hands with soap and water (82.7%). Due to the high prevalence of needlestick in the operating room, it is necessary to develop programs to prevent this problem.

Nutrition support and noticing the required goal calories in patients having critical conditions are essential aspects of medical care in preventing malnutrition in these patients.
This research is a clinical trial which was done on 60 children aging between 5 to 17 years old hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Shiraz’s Namazee hospital, South West of Iran, during April to September 2015. Patients were separated randomly into two groups. Enteral nutrition was done with infusion pump for one of the groups and intermittently for the other one. The data was collected for 7 days by a check list regarding enteral nutrition method, complications and the time needed to reach goal calories. Data analysis was done using SPSS-18 software through Chi-square and t-student test.
The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference of the mean time needed to reach target goal calorie between the continuous and intermittent nutrition methods (P0.05).
This study showed that continuous enteral nutrition method has better outcomes in children hospitalized in ICU than intermittent method.

Existence the children with blood diseases in family could cause lots of stress and anxiety for parents, this stress among parents would negative effects on children's disease process and his response to treatment.
This is a descriptive-analytical study which carried out on 480 parents with children affected to blood disease referring to Shafa hospital of Ahvaz, Iran. The parents’ level of anxiety was evaluated using the Hospital Scale for Anxiety and Depression. In this study Sample size by using statistical formulas was selected 480 persons by available sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software.
Results showed that in 20.4% (98 cases) of parents level of anxiety was intense, in 50.7% (243 cases) level of anxiety was middle, in 15.6% (75 cases) level of anxiety was low and 13.3% (64 cases) of parents were lack of anxiety. Additionally the results of level depression study showed that 8.6% (41cases) of parents had severe depression, 35.7% (171 cases) moderate depression, 15.7% (76 cases) low depression and 40% (192 cases) no depression. According to the results of this study, there was a significant difference between level of anxiety and depression of parents and the duration of child's hospitalization (P According to the results, high prevalence of anxiety and depression was among parents; so with treatment and management of anxiety and stress in parents of children; it can be achieved to better treatment in children with blood disease.

Exact determination between children's sleep habits and their growth could help us to prevent this risk factor of children's growth disorders. Thus this research was performed to investigate the correlation between sleep habits and growth of preschool children in Ahvaz- Iran.
In this cross-sectional study, the data was obtained by using available sampling from 208 children of 3-6 years old that came to a private pediatric clinic in Ahvaz, South West of Iran in 2015 without regard to their gender. Measurement of height and weight of all patients with the meter and scale was performed. After measuring height and weight, stature-for- age and weight-for- age percentiles was calculated using child growth chart calculator of CDC for each child. Information on the onset time of night sleep, time to wake up in the morning and nap duration of children were gathered using researcher made questionnaire. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistic and Kendall's tau-b statistical test using SPSS-19.
Results of this study showed of the 208 children that were evaluated, 32 of them (15.38%) was stunted, underweight, or both and 176 (84.6%) of them hadn`t any growth disorder. Results of Kendall's tau test showed that there is no significant relationship between the onset time of night sleep, waking up time in the morning, nap duration and neither height-for-age percentile nor weight-for-age percentile of preschool children (P>0.05).
The results of this study showed that children sleep habits does not affect their stature and weight- percentile. But this isn`t mean that going to sleep late has no effect on children's health, since the establishment of a normal sleep-wake rhythm is essential for both physical and mental development in children, so it is necessary to educate parents regarding the importance of children's sleep.

child's hospitalization in intensive care units causes stress and worry in other family members. This study aimed to determine the effect of family presence during pediatric ICU bedside on family general health.
In this clinical trial study, 46 family members of the pediatrics hospitalized in the ICU in Teaching hospital affiliated with the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in Khorramabad in April to November 2014 were divided into two groups using the stratified block randomization. Family members of the intervention group were present at the bedside of their patients two hours a day for six days, but family members of the control group did not visit their patients during six day. The general health status of the family members in the two groups was evaluated immediately before and after the visit on the first, sixth and twelfth visit, by using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data was analyzed using the repeated measure tests and independent t-tests.
Results showed there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the means of the GHQ scores of the family members before and after the intervention (P The presence of family members at pediatrics’ bedside and their cooperation in care can improve their general health.