mohammad ali ghanbari

Superplasticizers are among the most important concrete additives that will improve the flow of fresh concrete by reducing its viscosity and yield stress. One of the most commonly used superplasticizers in the concrete industry are polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers. As a result of being absorbed on the surface of cement particles, these materials prevent particles from sticking together in concrete with the mechanism of spatial hindrance and improve its flow. In the conducted research, the effect of five types of superplasticizers on the properties of fresh and hardened mortar and concrete was investigated. The obtained results show that based on chemical tests, all five types of polycarboxylate superplasticizers are the same with functional groups and their differences are in molar mass and the length of their side branches. Is. Finally, according to the performance of all five types of superplasticizers, it was found that with the increase in the length of the polymer chain and the length of the side branches, as well as the increase in the percentage of superplasticizer solids, the viscosity of plastic mortar and concrete decreases. Because the steric hindrance of polymer chains absorbed on the surface of cement particles increases and the possibility of accumulation of these particles, which reduces the flow of concrete, decreases. Due to the use of anti-foam additive, the air trapped in the concrete is reduced, but by increasing its amount from an optimal value, the water permeability of concrete increases and its efficiency decreases.

Reinforced polymer concretes are new composites that are used as one of the most popular materials in the construction industry due to their high relative performance, versatility and stability compared to ordinary cement concrete. In these concretes, some weaknesses of ordinary concretes can be corrected by adding polymer. In this study, by adding three different latexes including styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate and acrylic latex, the mechanical properties and durability of lightweight concrete with light expanded clay aggregates were measured. In this regard, 15 different mixing schemes were performed in two laboratory programs. At the first stage, the effect of each latex with 5, 7.5 and 10 percent combined with cement was investigated, and in the next stage, the simultaneous effect of latex with Silica fume. The properties of lightweight concrete were measured. The results showed that the addition of latex had a significant effect on the compressive and flexural strength of concrete. Among the latexes used, ethylene-vinyl acetate has shown a better effect.

The purpose of this study is to investigate strategies to improve the skid resistance of roller-compacted concrete. Since the main weakness of roller-compacted concrete is the lack of pavement macrotexture, in this study, three types of macro textures, 1- Seeding (in three aggregate sizes), stamping (in two sizes), and grooving (one-way and two-way) were considered. In this research, eight mixing designs were selected to make roller-compacted concrete samples. The skid resistance of treated samples for 28 days before and after abrasion was evaluated by a British pendulum test. The results showed that concrete surface abrasion reduces the skid resistance of concrete samples by about 10%. The results also showed that changing different mixing designs did not have a significant effect on skid resistance. While the skid resistance is completely dependent on the type of macrotexture so that the grooved macrotexture shows the highest and the seeding shows the lowest skid resistance before and after abrasion.

The lifestyle and learning of trainees from different surgical specialties have been severely affectedby the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the growing body of research, the extent to which their surgical or educa-tional performance is affected is not yet well-understood. We investigated the Iranian multi-specialty surgicalresidents nationwide to clarify the extent this new pandemic’s has affected their surgical and educational activ-ities.

Our specialized board designed a questionnaire which was sent to residents fromthe 18th of May to 12th of Jun 2020. The questionnaire comprised demographic data, questions on the clinical,surgical, and educational activities during and before the pandemic.

Out of 700 eligible residents, 543(77%) submitted their answers to all questions. 417 (76.8%) of the respondents declared they had spent theirresidency program at a hospital that was the main referral center for patients with COVID-19 infection. Theweekly number of the outpatient and emergent visits decreased by one third (P<0.001) and one-half (P<0.001),respectively, following the pandemic. Also, the amount of surgeries has dramatically decreased (P<0.001). Themedian weekly hours devoted to face-to-face activities decreased, while the study time increased and the shareof virtual education has a five-fold increase (P<0.001).

This pandemic had a significant impact onmany aspects of training in surgical specialties’ residency program in Iran. Increasing the time available to studyis an opportunity, and online education, despite its challenges, has been effective.

Testis cancer is a rare cancer that afflicts young men. although the incidence of testis cancer isincreasing, the mortality rate is decreasing. This study examines the mortality of testicular cancer and its re-lationship with the human development index and its components in Iran during 2005-2015.Materials and

Data of patients with testis cancer were collected from the Office of National Cancer Registry in theMinistry of Health and Medical Education (MOH&ME) during 2005-2015. An additional telephone survey wasconducted by trained interviewers to collect data, including survival status, demographic characteristics, ageof cancer diagnosis and other clinical profiles. Kaplan-Meier survival rates were calculated according to demo-graphic characteristics, economic status, and residential area and socioeconomic status (SES). All the analyseswere done using STATA software, version 14 (StataCorp. 2015).

From 2005 to 2015, 5886 testicularcancer cases were diagnosed among men in all age groups. Most patients (73.9%) were 15–49 years of age atthe time of diagnosis, 26.1% were 50 years of age or older. Seminoma was diagnosed among 46.78% of the pa-tients and non-seminoma among 42.28%. Factors which had impact on survival rate were age (P=0.001), tumorhistology (P=0.02, hazard ratio=1.23[0.98-1.38]) and TNM stage (P=0.001, hazard ratio=1.2[0.92-1.28]). Patientswho got married at the time of diagnosis more likely presented at earlier stages and had better overall testiscancer-specific survival than patients who were single, separated, widowed, or divorced (P=0.002, hazard ratio1.27[1.09-1.49]). Testis cancer mortality rate was significantly higher in patients who did not graduate from highschool and significantly higher in patients who were tenants (P=0.057, hazard ratio =1.132[0.996-1.28]).

Testis cancer mortality is decreasing in Iran. Age, TNM stage and histology, and marital and economicstatus were factors influencing mortality rate.

This research aims to analyze road construction workshops based on measuring the safety atmosphere of the work environment based on the Nordic questionnaire in the workers of active workshops in Kerman province. The research method has been descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this study includes all workers of active workshops in Kerman province. After explaining the work process, they were asked to complete the standard questionnaire for measuring the safety of the Nordic safety atmosphere, which includes 7 main dimensions. The sample size is 164 workers in the road construction field. The available sampling method is also used to determine the sample size. To collect information, the standard questionnaire of Nordic safety atmosphere (2006) was used. Questionnaire 7 dimensions of management safety and commitment, management, and safety management, management safety justice, employee safety commitment, safety priority and non-acceptance of employee risk, education and training Learning to trust safety and reliability covers the safety of the immune system and consists of 50 items. To analyze the data, SPSS software version 23 has been used. The results show that the average scores of workplace safety atmosphere and some dimensions, namely management safety and power, employee safety commitment, safety priority and non-acceptance of employee risk, training and learning and confidence in safety ability are desirable and management safety priorities and commitment, management safety justice and confidence in safety efficiency are not desirable.

During the pandemic, Iranian healthcare system had faced many challenges including the con-tinuation of medical education. In this time, almost all elective surgeries have been suspended, outpatient visitshave been limited to seriously ill patients, and academic meeting have been cancelled. This process has causeda significant decrease in clinical and surgical practice in the field of urology. In this article, we assess as to whatextent and how this pandemic has impacted the urology residency training in Iran.

A 15-item-longquestionnaire was designed and sent to all Iranian urology residents via social network and/or email from the10th of MAY to the 10th of Jun 2020. This questionnaire assessed different training activities, including on-call duty, outpatient visits, diagnostic procedures such as cystoscopy, endoscopic procedures, and open majorsurgeries, prior and during the pandemic. The results were evaluated using t-test and ANOVA.

Thepercentage of urology resident’s involvement in each training activity, including on-call duty, outpatient visits,diagnostic procedures such as cystoscopy, endoscopic procedures, and open major surgeries, demonstrated asignificant decline (p<0.001) during this time compared to the pre-COVID-19 period.

Urology res-idency training significantly decreased during the COVID-19 period. In order to address the second and thirdwaves of COVID-19 outbreak, long-term action plans, such as telemedicine and stimulation, can help preparetraining programs and residents during these unprecedented times.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence and the risk factors of urinary inconti-nence following radical prostatectomy in Iranian population. This study is conducted based on the availabledata from the National Cancer Registry.

In this retrospective study, we extracted the information ofall the patients with organ-confined prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy from 2010 to 2014.All the patients were interviewed face to face or via telephone to collect additional data. Urinary incontinencewas evaluated by a questionnaire using the definition based on pads use. The effects of risk factors were eval-uated using logistic regression models.

The details of 13,583 registered patients with prostate cancerwere collected. Overall, the prevalence of urinary incontinence was estimated as 10.5% (n=1424). It is impor-tant to mention that the highest proportion of cases with urinary incontinence belonged to the age group of71-80 years old (n=502, 35.2%), as well as patients with elementary education (n=458, 32%) or no education atall (n=333,23.5%). Furthermore, more cases lived in urban settings (n=1159,81.7%), one-fourth of them (n=365)smoked tobacco, and nearly 11% of them reported having been diagnosed with diabetes (n=152). The oddsof having urinary incontinence increased by 20% in patients who had undergone radiotherapy as part of theirtreatment for prostate cancer (AOR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.07,1.36).

We estimated the prevalence of urinaryincontinence after radical prostatectomy as 10.5% among prostate cancer patients. We found that having beenexposed to education, having been diagnosed with diabetes, and receiving radiotherapy, are amongst the signif-icant risk factors for urinary incontinence. We also suggested that more predictor variables should be recordedin the National Cancer Registry.

Prostate Cancer is recognized as the second cause of death due to cancers among men worldwide.Due to the lack of local evidence on the survival rate of patients with prostate cancer, this study aimed to esti-mate the 5-year survival rate of patients afflicted with this condition in Iran.

This studymade use of information on 9,772 prostate cancer cases who were registered in the National Cancer Registryduring 2010-15. A telephone survey, with a response rate of 35%, was conducted to gather additional informa-tion such as death status, demographic characteristics, and clinical profile. Kaplan-Meier estimates was used toestimate five-year survival rates.

The overall five-year survival rate of prostate cancer was 82% (95% CI:80-83%). Significantly higher five-year survival rates were observed among retired patients (rate: 94%,95%CI:92-96), patients receiving a combination of radiotherapy and surgery (rate: 92%,95%CI: 89-94), and patients re-siding in rural areas (rate: 92%, 95%CI: 90-93).

We found that various factors such as occupation,area of residence, and the type of medication, may influence on survival rate of prostate cancer. Careful evalua-tion and understanding of effective factors are required to adopt proper health policies and treatment options.Due to the importance of etiologic and epidemiological data, inclusion of such data into the national registrysystem for Prostate Cancer is strongly recommended

The most compelling evidence for the inclusion of traditional and complementary medicine in the area of the right to health is General Comment NO.14 of the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Lack of effective implementation of national policies and soft law in traditional and complementary medicine is harmful to many societies and impedes the realization of fundamental human rights. This paper analyzes the inclusion of traditional and complementary rights in the domain of the right to health and its place in the WHO's strategic plans and the UN International Documents.Does the theory of health right include traditional and complementary medicine and is it hard or soft in international documents? In response to the questions raised, some of the shortcomings of the policy and regulations of traditional and complementary medicine are addressed.

This research is based on a descriptive-analytical method and is based on valid library documents and resources. The theoretical framework of research is justice-based rights.

The transformation is evident in the scope of the right to health and the inclusion of traditional and complementary medicine that relate to the effective enjoyment of the highest standard of attainable health. Although traditional and complementary medicine is clearly within the scope of international human rights law for health, explicit expression of its right can assist in achieving the goal of the World Health Organization in improving fair, effective and quality access to traditional and safe complementary medicine.

None of the international treaties explicitly prohibit traditional and complementary medicine. In international human rights law, the right to health as set forth in mandatory legal treaties does not explicitly include the right to use traditional and complementary medicine. The analysis of these cases provides evidence for establishing a legal basis for the inclusion of traditional and complementary medicine in the international human rights framework regarding the right to health. And proposes that the international community regulate an explicit and statutory right in the form of an internationally binding (hard rights) document on traditional and complementary medicine.

Health literacy includes a set of skills in reading, listening, analysis, decision-making and the ability to apply these skills to health situations aim of the study was to determine the relationship between health literacy and quickly improve cardiovascular patients after the bypass surgery is performed
This applied study is an analytical survey. The study population included all patients had coronary heart bypass surgery in Mashhad Ghaem Hospital during the first half of 1394 was observed done at least one week before they had surgery. The questionnaire Functional Health Literacy in Adults and speed of recovery was self-made questionnaire that its validity and reliability was confirmed. Data collected by questioning the patient and using the software SPSS and Chi-Squar and Mann Whitney test were analyzed.
No significant differences between different age groups and gender in terms of health literacy exist. But between people with different education levels, there was a significant difference in terms of health literacy. Also, significant differences in postoperative complications and duration of hospitalization in the surgical ward, there Comparisons of health literacy.
Most patients with inadequate health literacy and have a border. These patients need to understand and apply health information need further clarification and need to spend more time communicating with their medical staff for information in plain language to promote more understandable.

Print Persian Abstract Author(s): Professor Department of Pilot Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran, Study Type: Research Article | Subject: Pharmacology | Received: 2016/01/19 - Accepted: 2016/01/19 - Published: 2016/01/19 Abstract: (138 View) Aim and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) -an aggressive malignancy with high rate of mortality- is the third cause of cancer related death, worldwide. Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug used for treatment of HCC. However, serious side effects of drug limit the therapeutic administer dose. Nanotechnology based devices such as liposome nanoparticles are capable to overcome these drawbacks and simultaneously improve the efficacy of drugs. Cisplatin encapsulated liposomal nanoparticles were successfully constructed using lecithin, Cholesterol, PEG3350and CisPlatin. After characterization in vitro efficacy of nanodrug was evaluated with IC50 Pharm Microsoft. The size and zeta potential of nanoparticles were determined to be 470 nm and -20 mV.The cytotoxicity of drug loaded nanoparticles was increased by 33% compared to the free drug on the Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 using MTT assay. The results of study suggested evaluating the efficacy of nanodrug on the animal model of HCC and also the cytotoxicity of pegilated nanoliposome drug is more than the free drug.

The capital of Iran، Tehran، has a major role in the political، economic، cultural and services at the regional، national and international scale. Occurrence of any disaster in the capital could cause tremendous consequences، especially on national security، politic، and economy of the country. In this article، the collapse of the buildings due to earthquakes is investigated. Generally، collapsing the buildings will lead to the largest physical damage as well as human loss during an earthquake. Investigating the collapse of buildings at one of the regions in Tehran after the earthquake not only makes a clear view of that region future after disaster، but also it helps urban managers prioritize different retrofitting measures. In this regard، uncertainties influencing the risk assessment of the collapse is originated from the type of structures، height of buildings، applied seismic design codes، and type of soil are considered in the study using logic tree method. Fragility curve is a factor for determining the percentage chance of stating the damage and consequently، the collapse. Developing fragility curves based on region’s conditions is a necessary task to justify the results of the study. In this paper، after introducing the local means of developing fragility curves، the studied region is divided into smaller cells based on soil characteristics and then the collapse risk of different buildings in each cell is studied separately based on a proposed algorithm. At the end، considering seismic analysis and collapse probability for existing buildings the most critical types of buildings would be determined based on the results of average and maximum collapse possibility. Furthermore، the results of collapse assessment are presented for two scenarios in order to evaluate retrofitting by enhancing of seismic design code.