فهرست مطالب mohammad ali mohsenpour

Normal-weight obesity (NWO), defined as normal body mass index (BMI) but high body fat, is related to chronic health conditions. This study aims to assess the prevalence of NWO and some possible relationships with dietary factors in an Iranian population.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on the participants of the Employees Health Cohort Study, Shiraz, Iran. Based on the anthropometric assessments, participants were categorized into three groups: Normal-weight non-obese, NWO, and Overweight/Obese. NWO was defined as having a normal BMI but high body fat. Body fat was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Then, a 116-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain food intake. Dietary factors included energy intake, macro-nutrients intake, frequency of meals, fried and grilled foods’ consumption, and salt intake.

Overall, 1038 participants (513 men and 525 women) were studied with a mean age of 41.04±6.98. 35.9% had normal weight and 63.0% were overweight or obese according to BMI criteria. Based on WHO criteria, the prevalence of NWO was 21.68% and 26.63% among men and women, respectively. Women were more likely to have excess body fat compared with men (P<0.001). Moreover, no significant relationship was observed between any dietary factor and NWO.

NWO was prevalent among university employees, and no relationship was observed between dietary factors and NWO. Considering the high cardio-metabolic risk of this condition, it needs further attention.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and homocysteine increase along with inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The antioxidant properties of sumac might affect homocysteine and hs-CRP levels. We aimed to examine the effects of sumac powder (Rhus Coriaria L) on homocysteine and hs-CRP in patients with T2DM.

In a single-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial, conducted in Ardekan city, Yazd, Iran; 60 patients with T2DM were randomly divided into 2 groups to consume either low fat yogurt alone in the control group or along with 6 (2×3 grams) grams of sumac powder daily in the intervention group, for 3 months. Fasting blood samples were used to analyze the fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum homocysteine, and hs-CRP at the baseline and after 90 days. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Fifty-eight individuals (intervention n=30, control n=28) with a mean age of 52.30±7.05 years in the intervention, and 51.61±7.07 years in the control group, finished the study. No significant differences were seen for FBS (p=0.94) and homocysteine (p=0.69) changes between the groups; but hs-CRP changes were significantly different between the groups (p=0.03).

Daily consumption of sumac powder for 3 months may not have a reducing effect on FBS and serum homocysteine. This is while sumac may prevent increment of hs-CRP in patients with T2DM.

Shift work in services and industry is increasing in developing countries, especially industrialized ones, due to the need for a flexible workforce and to achieve maximum efficiency. Shift working can cause problems for people's health and bodily functions. This study aims to determine the relationship between dietary intake, obesity, and shift working among employees of Pasargad Petrochemical Company.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 119 employees within the age range of 25-60 years and an average body mass index (BMI) of 25.67. Their food intakes were extracted using Food Frequency Questionnaires. Data analysis was performed through STATA data analysis software.

119 male participants with a mean age of 33.62 ±7.12 year were included in the study, of whom 64.7% were non-shift workers and 35.3% were shift workers. The daily calorie intake of the participants was 2864.54 ± 1184.43 kcal. Although non-shift workers consumed a higher but insignificant amount of energy, no statistical differences were found in dietary intake between shift workers and non-shift workers (P<0.05). Furthermore, multiple linear regressions regarding shift work did not have a significant effect on BMI and waist circumference.

Although no statistically significant relationship was found between food intake and shift work, it is suggested that future studies be conducted with a larger sample size because of the importance of shift work

Preeclampsia is a serious hypertensive condition of pregnancy associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In this study, the effect of selenium supplementation on the incidence and severity of preeclampsia in pregnant women was evaluated.

The present double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study was registered at Fatemieh Hospital of Hamadan, Iran. One hundred eighty women in the first trimesters of pregnancy were assigned to either selenium (SG, n = 90) or placebo (PG, n = 90) groups. SG and PG received 100 μg of selenium supplement or placebo per day, respectively.

In this study, no significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of age, body mass index, and serum selenium before the intervention (P > 0.05). The incidence of preeclampsia in the SG and PG was 9 and 5, respectively (P = 0.28). There was no statistically significant difference between sex and Apgar score of neonates in the two groups (P = 0.73). The mean birth weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the SG was significantly higher than PG (P = 0.003, 0.01, and 0.007, respectively). The mean gestational age in the SG was insignificantly lower than the PG (P = 0.41). After the study, preeclampsia incidence was not significant between the groups (P = 0.28).

The administration of 100 μg of selenium supplementation in pregnant women, had no effect on decreasing preeclampsia, but it may reduce the severity of preeclampsia.

A premature birth is a life threatening situation that causes an increase in infant death. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contributing factors to the weight gain process in premature infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

The present birth cohort study was performed on 47 premature infants born in Hafez Hospital in Shiraz, Iran from July 2019 to February 2020. Infants born before the 37th gestational week, who were hospitalized for at least 7 days were included in the study. Demographic and anthropometric data, feeding conditions and supplements, durations of hospitalization, and nothing by mouth (NPO) state, before breastfeeding,and before initiation of oral feeding were recorded.

Twenty eight (59.57%) boys and nineteen (40.42%) girls (n=47) with median of 13 days hospitalization were enrolled. Intakes of amino acid solution (p<0.001), lipid emulsion (p=0.04), phosphorus (p=0.01), and folic acid (p=0.02) were correlated with weight gain process. Results showed a significant linear correlation between hospitalization duration (p<0.001), NPO duration (p=0.02), and duration before beginning breastfeeding (p=0.02) and weight gain pattern. However, there was no significant relationship between the process of weight gain and the duration before initiation of oral feeding (p=0.61).

Earlier breastfeeding initiation and longer hospitalization, and amino acid supplementation can improve weight gain in the premature infants. Further studies are recommended.

Significant lifestyle changes have been reported after COVID‑19 outbreak. The present study aimed at investigating changes in dietary habits in response to the COVID‑19 outbreak in an Iranian population sample.

In this cross‑sectional study, the dietary habits of Iranian adults were assessed before and during the COVID‑19 outbreak. Consumption of different food groups such as meats, dairy, fruits, vegetables, seeds, and nuts was assessed using a digital questionnaire which was shared on social media platforms. For the statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon signed‑rank test was used.

In this online survey, 1553 questionnaires were completed. The results showed that the reported consumption of protein‑rich foods increased (P < 0.05), but fish and dairy consumption showed a significant reduction (P = 0.006 and <0.001, respectively). There was a significant reduction in reported fast‑food consumption (P < 0.001). Fruits and vegetables (P < 0.001), natural fruit juices (P < 0.001), and water (P < 0.001) were consumed more frequently. Individuals also consumed more vitamin and mineral supplements ( P < 0.001) including those containing Vitamin D.

During the COVID‑19 pandemic, participants reported a significant change in their dietary habits and intake of supplements. Higher intakes of meats, protein‑rich foods, fruits, vegetables, and nutritional supplements and lower intakes of fish, dairy, and fast foods were reported.

Invasive cervical cancer is one of the most fatal genital cancers of women which can be detected by having Pap smear in precancerous stage. Various approaches can be taken for treating or preventing the progress of these precancerous lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytopathological and colposcopic response of precancerous lesions to multivitamin, mineral (multimineral), and coenzyme Q10 supplements.

The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on 120 participants with clinical complaints or abnormal Pap smear test results. The intervention and control groups received supplemental and placebo treatments, respectively, for 3 months after a primarily Pap smear test. The Pap smear test was also performed after the treatment and patients with abnormal results were screened by colposcopy. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The percentage of participants in the intervention and control groups were 40% and 28.3% in the age range of 20-29, 26.7% and 41.7% in the age range of 30–39, and finally 33.3% and 30% over 40 years of age, respectively (P=0.19). The percentage of normalization in Pap smear test result was 83.3% and 53.3% in the intervention and control groups, respectively (P<0.001).

It was found that short-term usage of multi-mineral and Q10 supplements may decrease the risk of cervical cancer in women with abnormal Pap smear. However, studies with larger population and longer trial period are needed for further investigation.

Exceeded weight during the first 1000 days of life can lead to adulthood obesity and health-related problems. In the present study, we aimed to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their related demographic factors in the first year of life in Yazd.

In a cross-sectional study, recorded data of 600 infants were collected from health records of eight health centers of Yazd city using the cluster sampling method. Demographic data and socioeconomic status of the family, breastfeeding duration, and birth order were used. Anthropometrics, including height and weight were interpreted by the categorization developed by WHO as length for age and weight for age. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated at 7.3% and 3.5%, respectively. No significant differences were observed between boys (n = 307) and girls (n = 300)(P = 0.15) for weight, while girls had insignificant lower weight (g) (3028.87 ± 496.30 for girls and 3173.72 ± 456.61 for boys). Among different possible determinants, birth order was associated with body mass index status(P = 0.04).

A relatively high prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed among infants under one year of age. Although only the order of birth was observed as a related factor, other controllable factors should be considered and monitored by parents and the healthcare system. Further studies are suggested to investigate the related controllable factors.

The outbreak of COVID-19 and a large number of infected people led to this viral disease of varying severity and hospitalization of patients. During periods of illness and recovery, the body uses its reservoirs and resources to fight the disease. In the post-recovery period, the body may experience nutritional insufficiency and deficiency. Therefore, adequateintake of micronutrients, such as water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phytochemicals, as well as the preparation of safe food is of great importance for the recovery of the immune system and strengthening rehabilitation for survived COVID-19 patients. In this work, we aim to review the literature and present a guide for nutritional needs and food hygiene practices for survived COVID-19patients.

COVID-19 caused by SARS-COV-2 has spread in late 2019, and later, was announced as a pandemic disease. COVID-19 affects various organs of the body. Thus, patients are affected by a spectrum of disease severity and show a variety of symptoms such as fever, respiratory dysfunctions, and gastrointestinal complications. Nutritional treatment of patients consists of adequate intake of liquids, macro-and micro-nutrients to enhance the immune system and fulfill vital requirements. In addition to nutritional support during the treatment period, proper nutritional followup and support are needed to rehabilitate and regain optimal health status for survived COVID-19 patients. Thus, in this study, a review was done to present a guideline to provide nutritional support for COVID-19 survivors, to meet the needs, food purchase, and preparation.

Raw milk consumption can be associated with harmful side effects due to high risks of contamination; however, a large number of people still tend to consume raw milk. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting consumer’s choice of milk (raw or pasteurized) based on Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA).

This cross-sectional study was performed on healthy individuals older than 20 years old referred to shopping centers in Tabriz, Iran. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire designed based on the TRA to investigate the consumers’ choice of milk.

Overall, 266 individuals, including 104 (39.1%) males and 162 (60.9%) females with the mean age of 40.72±10.18 years participated in this study. A positive and direct correlation was observed between all TRA components including nutritional attitude, subjective norm, behavioral intention, and nutritional behavior. There was a signifcant direct correlation between education level and TRA components, while body mass index (BMI) showed an inverse correlation. Attitude,subjective norm, and behavioral intention could predict 87% of milk choices. Attitude and intention were the strong predictors of nutritional behavior (p <0.05).

This study provided clear evidence for the affecting role of educational level and BMI on consumers’ choice of milk. In addition, it was shown that TRA can be used as a reference framework to investigate milk product preferences in future studies.

 Social life can be affected by skin condition. Acne Vulgaris (AV) is a multi - factorial skin disorder that affects many people . Several dietary factors are associated with AV.

Different finding s on glycemic indices led us to investigate the effect of the dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) on AV by a systematic review and meta - analysis.

Observational studies and clinical trials were extracted from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The mean ± Standard division ( SD ) for acne grading in clinical trials and the mean ± SD GI or GL of the diet for observational studies were used for meta - analysis.

We found that n ine out of 15 studies were eligible for systematic review clinical trials (N = 3) and observational studies ( N = 6) designs . T he meta - analysis of t hree studies clinically assessed the effect of GI/GL on acne and showed that a diet with lower GI/GL reduce d the acne severity (Hedges’g = - 0.91, 95% CI: - 1.57, - 0.25, P = 0.007). The analysis of six observational studies showed that dietary habit with higher GI might not affect the acne severity in patients with AV (He dges’g = 0.07, 95%CI: - 0.23, 0.38, P = 0.636), but individuals with higher acne severity had a diet with higher GL (Hedges’g = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.01, 1.26, P = 0.045).

Diet, as a part of life style , is associated with AV. Adherence to lower GL diet may reduce the severity of AV. Further well - designed clinical trials are required to confirm these results

Aim: We sought the prevalence of food insecurity and whether cardiovascular risk markers and metabolic syndrome components are significantly different in categories of food insecurity in patients with type 2 diabetes.
In this cross?sectional study, 520 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Kerman coronary artery disease risk study aged between 23 and 87 years (60.8 ± 11.4) who selected by one?stage cluster sampling were assigned into four groups of “food secure” and “mild,” “moderate,” and “severe” food insecure. Household food insecurity was assessed by a 9?item household food insecurity access scale questionnaire.
The prevalence of food security and mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity in patients with diabetes was 24.4%, 33.1%, 28.9%, and 13.6%, respectively. There was a significant difference among the food?secure/insecure sex groups (P = 0.001). The prevalence of food insecurity and risk factors such as total cholesterol, high low?density lipoprotein cholesterol, and visceral obesity in mild food?insecure females was significantly higher than males (P onclusions: Food insecurity may deteriorate some cardiometabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes. Improving food security in patients with diabetes may help reduce cardiovascular disease.