mohammad ali saremi naeini

The issue of water transfer from the high seas (Oman and the Persian Gulf) to Yazd province has been very controversial in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the infrastructures and capacities needed to implement such projects in the country in order to identify the deficiencies and shortcomings and to take effective measures to address these issues. In this study, using SWOT matrix analysis, we tried to investigate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the field of water transfer at three systemic, organizational and individual levels. To this end, a questionnaire was prepared at three levels and was completed by 30 experts in the executive departments related to water transfer. Analysis of the questionnaires showed that the designed strategies were part of the defensive and conservative strategies. The results showed that at the macro level and policy making of the country, a strategy with a score of 9/835 recalls the importance of preventing aquatic activities and preventing effective measures for desertification has the highest priority. At the individual level, a strategy that addresses the prevention and avoidance of personal and non-professional attitudes with a score of 8.997 has the highest priority, which can be addressed by conducting specialized trainings, workshops and expert meetings.

Pediments are vitally important geomorphological units. Desert pavement feature is used for their classification. The characteristics of desert pavements are a function of geomorphological conditions and have unique properties in terms of different granulation parameters. A variety of methods are employed to determine granulation. The most common method is the sieving test, in which the particle size distribution curve is obtained using the cumulative weight of the grains passing through the sieve. Using image processing methods facilitates the identification, measurement, analysis, and spatial distribution of particles. The present study aims to prove that digital image processing is a viable alternative for traditional methods as the results from both procedures are similar.

Yazd-Ardakan plain is located in the range of 15 53 to 50-54 easts and in 31-15 to 45 45 north. In this study, ten points were randomly selected in 40 40 40 square plots in plain areas in Yazd-Ardakan plain basin. Sediment granulation was done by the mechanical sieving method. In order to granulate sediments, the samples were taken and transferred to the laboratory, and placed in a shaker to separate the particles according to their large diameter size by the sieves in the machine. After performing the calculations via Excel software, a graph related to the granulation of each point was achieved. WinArea-UT-11 can measure most physical coefficients of products such as perimeter, area, and the largest and smallest particle diameters. The parameters measured by the device were particles’ length and width.

In this section, the granulation results by mechanical sieving as well as the results obtained from the Win Area machine are presented. The following table, Table 1, is an example of calculating the weight percent and the percentage of cumulative frequency of particles in a mechanical sieve.Sizing by mechanical sieving was followed by placing the collected samples on the Win Area device, and photography was performed. The information obtained from the pebbles was saved in Excel software after shooting. A rectangular shape for each pebble is assumed. According to the length and width of the pebble device, the Pythagorean equation was used to calculate the particle diameter. Table (2): Weight and cumulative percentage of length, width and diameter of the machine using sieve diameter  Diameter (mm) Frequency percentage  Cumulative frequency percentage Frequency percentage of device length Percent cumulative frequency of length Frequency percentage of device width Percent cumulative frequency of widt Percentage of frequency of device diameter Percentage of cumulative frequency of device diameter According to the results obtained from the Pearson test in SPSS software, the correlation between the results of the cumulative frequency percentage of the parameters of length, width, and diameter of particles with the percentage of cumulative frequency calculated by the particles’ diameter in the mechanical sieve is above 70%. Additionally, the mean level particle content in all three parameters of particles’ length, width, and diameter is less than 0.05.

The results of the granulation diagram of each of the parameters of particles’ length, width, and diameter visually show that the graphs are almost correlated and coordinated with each other. Among these, the correlation between the mechanical sieve granulation diagram and the particles’ width is more consistent than the particles’ length and diameter granulation diagram. According to the grading results of each parameter in comparison with the mechanical sieving method, if a few number of grading diagrams of length, width, and diameter are shifted, the diagrams will completely match. Pearson test, obtained by importing the percentage of cumulative frequency of particles’ length, width, and diameter, shows that in samples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, which are related to the pediments, the grading diagram of a mechanical sieve is more similar to Particles’ width grading diagram. In samples with higher mean diameters, the similarities between the grading values of the mechanical sieve are approximately the same as the granulation of particles’ width and length.This study illustrates the similarity between the grading curve drawn from the mechanical sieving and the results obtained with the win area machine, and the drawn curves are visually matched with some shifts. Also, according to the results of comparing image processing methods with traditional methods, it is found that there is a significant correlation between the two methods, meaning that the results of digital image processing methods are similar to conventional methods. Therefore, the digital image processing method can perfectly replace the traditional methods.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation in Mullah Fahleh of Firoozabad region of Fars province. The standard vegetation index data of Landsat 5, 7 and 8 satellites, the precipitation data and Palmer index, which are available as a remote sensing product, were extracted for 1992 to 2020 from the Google Earth Engine. Markov chain method was used to predict future vegetation changes. Using data from 1992 and 2002, the model was first run for 2020 and based on its acceptable performance (the kappa index of 75%), prediction was extended to 2030. The results showed an improving trend in vegetation status, so that the dense cover will increase from 4% in the initial period to 19% in 2030. The results of this study can help rangeland managers in the region to better exploit the region's natural resources and prevent the destruction of this ecosystem.

Rapid population growth and the need to provide the necessities of life has caused human beings to change land use widely. In many cases these changes have been accompanied by disruption of balance in nature and providing the possibility of soil erosion. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of land use changes on increasing the intensity of wind erosion. Landsat satellite imagery and implementation of supervised classification by using SVMs were used to prepare land use map. Ground surface temperature was calculated, as one of the effective factors in wind formation, with single channel and split window algorithms in different land uses. In order to make connections between land use changes and wind erosion, effective climatic parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and maximum wind speed were investigated. The highest surface temperature was observed in poor and non-vegetation areas, and the lowest temperature was estimated in highlands and rangelands. Results showed an increase in average temperature as well as maximum and minimum absolute temperature and decrease in relative humidity. Over the past decade, the maximum wind speed in the study area showed a significant increase, and it has increased from eight m/s in 1990 to more than 20 m/s in the last decade. This shows that land use change by removing vegetation cover, as well as the uncontrolled increase of human constructions and creating thermal islands in the last 30 years, has a significant impact on the emergence of climate change and increasing wind speed.

Wind erosion and the occurrence of dust is one of the most important problems in Yazd province which makes a lot of apparent and hidden damages to the Yazd province. Analysis of erosive winds and estimating the Resultant Drift Direction (RDD) of sand flow is a basic study which can lead to more successful implementation of projects to control wind erosion. In this study, tried by using analysis of wind speed and wind direction and calculation of wind drift potential (DP) by taking advantages of Windrose, Stormrose and Sandrose represented a landscape of wind erosion in Yazd province and according to the results of these analysis the Resultant Drift Direction (RDD) of sand flow and dust estimated. The results showed the most erosive winds in Yazd province occurs in spring and summer and the lowest is in autumn. As well as the results revealed, average percentage of erosive winds which are capable of producing dust are between 6.4% in Yazd city and 23.6% in Herat city and on average about 44 days there is the possibility of dust in Yazd province. Therefore, although the prevalence of erosive winds with speed more than 6 meter per second generally does not exceed 14% but, they have the most important role in the occurrence of wind erosion and dust in Yazd province and mobility large amount of dust generally from the southwest and west to the North East and east.