mohammad ghasemi bromand

Groundwater pollution due to leakage and penetration of leachate containing variety of compounds and contaminants is a problem in landfill sites that leads to diverse healthy and environmental problems. The purpose of this study was to assess groundwater chemical pollution in downstream regions of Sanandaj landfill. In this study, 5 wells near the landfill were selected. Water samples were obtained 6 times in spring and summer, and different parameters such as hardness, alkalinity, turbidity, COD, PO4, NO3, TDS, pH and EC were measured by standard methods and the results were compared with those of control wells and standards of drinking and agricultural water. Results of this investigation showed the chemical parameters in water of surveyed wells, compared with those in water of control wells and standards of drinking water, were higher and showed significant differences (p<0.05). But, most of these parameters in surveyed wells were lower than those of standards of agricultural water. The water of the wells of the study area due to the high values of most of the chemical parameters measured is not potable, but can not be used in agriculture. Therefore fundamental and continuous monitoring of groundwater resources in this area is necessary to prevent contamination of water and soil resources.

Atrial Fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias. Most statistical analyses had been performed on intra atrial electrocardiograms while, diagnosis of this disorder is made more commonly by use of surface electrocardiogram. The aim of this study was to investigate the abnormality of the electrical system of the heart by using the 12-lead ECG. The 12-lead ECGs of 5 patients with atrial fibrillation and that of a healthy subject were studied for 2.5 minutes and compared with each other. our study showed that in both normal and abnormal hearts, (V1, V2, V3), (V4, V5, V6), (I, II, III) and (aVR, aVF, aVL) were correlated. The correlation between I, II, III leads had no relation to AF whereas correlation between aVR, aVF and aVL decreased in the patients. This study showed that we can consider both focus and reentrant theories acceptable for explanation of electrical behavior of heart in AF patients.

Different studies have indicated that glutamate and dopamine are involved in producing anxiety. Furthermore, interaction between NMDA and dopamine receptors has been demonstrated in the modulation of some behaviors. In the present study, the role of dopaminergic D2 receptor in producing anxiety-like behavior induced by inhibition of NMDA receptors was investigated in male wistar rats. Rats were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the CA1 region of hippocampus. All animals were allowed to recover for one week before beginning behavioral test. The elevated plus maze test was used to test anxiety-like behaviors. The results of this study showed that intra-CA1 injection of MK801 (2 µg/rat) induced anxiolytic effects. Intra-CA1 injection sulpiride (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 µg/rat) by itself had no effect on anxiety-like behaviors, but administration of the same doses of sulpiride 5 mins before injection of the effective dose of MK801 (2 µg/rat, intra-CA1) inhibited anxiolytic effects of MK801. The results indicated that CA1 region of hippocampus have an important role in anxiolytic effects of MK801 and anxiolytic effect of NMDA receptors antagonist is at least partly mediated via D2 receptors of the dorsal hippocampus.

β-thalassemia (β-thal) is one of the most prevalent hereditary diseases in Iran. There are more than two million carriers of β-thal in Iran. Detection of the beta globin gene mutations is necessary for a definitive diagnostic and management plan such as prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia. In our country, the PCR-Amplification Refractory Mutation System (PCR-ARMS) has been frequently used for detection of beta globin gene mutations. Here, we used the PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assay for detection of mutations of beta globin gene. In the patients with confirmed mutations, we amplified 281base pairs containing exon of one of a beta globin gene by PCR. Based on SSCP technique 2.5 µl of the reaction products appeared in polyacryamide gel electrophoresis and the bands were visualized by silver staining. Seven mutations and one polymorphism were evaluated by PCR-SSCP assay. The results of this study demonstrated that the patterns of mobility of single strands were different from each other and those of control sample. Our study showed the PCR-SSCP technique can meet the need for direct genomic sequencing of DNA and could be applied in the developing countries where financial resources are limited but genetic hemoglobin disorders are highly prevalent.

Wheat flour is a complex organic particle containing an array of different allergic and antigenic components. Exposure to flour dust may result in a variety of respiratory problems such as allergic responses, occupational asthma and allergic rhinitis. The aim of the present study was to assess the concentration of inhalable dust and gliadin of flour dust as an important wheat flour allergen and to determine the relationship between concentrations of flour dust and that of gliadin in the air breathed by the workers in different workstations of wheat flour mill factories. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. 64 air samples were collected by means of universal air sampling pumps. Inhalable flour dust density was measured by gravimetric method and flour dust gliadin concentration was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mean flour dust density was higher than that of permissible limit in all wheat flour mill factories (1.64 4.68 mg/m3) and showed a significant positive relation with gliadin concentration (R2 = 0.708, p<0.05) in all factories. In addition, Inhalable dust density and gliadin concentration have been different in different stations of the factories and were highest in flour packing workstation. This study revealed the density of Inhalable flour dust had been higher than the level of permissible limit (0.5 gr/m3) and the workers in Hamadan flour mills are exposed to a dangerous level of flour dust, and inhale a high level of gliadin in all flour packing unites of the factories in Hamedan.