mohammad haseli

"Selseleh Regional Development Plan" is an endogenous approach  with the aim of empowering villagers of Selseleh County (Aleshtar) located in the north of Lorestan province. It was conducted between 1973 and 1978. The present study was conducted with the aim of identification of strategies for increasing partnership of Rural community in the "Selseleh Regional Development Plan". This is a qualitative and exploratory-descriptive Research. The research method is inductive qualitative content analysis. Purposive sampling was used and initial coding was done inductively based on the contents of the documents of the "Selseleh Regional Development Plan". Finally, the categories were extracted. 47 concepts were extracted from the primary and secondary codes of the documents. They were grouped into three main categories: institutions, groups, and individuals. In the next step, based on axial coding, three constructs were identified as the context and mechanism of participation: institutional and social constructs and attitudes.  Based on the findings, "Selseleh Regional Development Plan" has increased the participation of the villagers in two ways: (a) increased participation context; (b) increased level of participation. The result is increased engagement through providing local staff, creating a mechanism of participation, research and innovation, budgeting, and training. Increased participation has also been achieved through the provision of infrastructure services and addressing the communication, water supply, cooperative, and public affairs of Aleshtar.

In Iran, which is a water-scarce country, planning is centralized and large-scale based on political-contractual boundaries. This has led to the degradation of the functional levels of the land and has caused numerous problems. Therefore, finding the optimal geographical context and efficient planning unit for the lower levels has always been the focus of planning scholars including geographers. The purpose of this study is to propose a basis for the political division of space for spatial planning and transition from centralized national-sectoral planning. This research is theoretical and in terms of nature and method, it is a deep descriptive-analytical case study. The present study, with a combined approach (analogy and deduction), firstly, by analogy and logical analysis, evaluates the status quo using documentary study. Then, it studies inductively the Karkheh catchment as a spatial domain of research in order to explain an alternative pattern. Analyzes were performed using Arc GIS software. New theories of development, especially the theory of bio-regionalism, emphasize ecological factors in the designation of biological areas. The ecological implications of these theories have been specifically introduced through catchments and their relationship to communities. The findings of the study identified the catchment as a bioregional boundary and considered the Karkheh catchment to be compatible with the Lak spoken area. The results show that Karkheh catchment can be a suitable spatial planning unit for the study area. The relative homogeneity in the structure of natural-ecological, social, cultural, economic, and spatial convergence within the territory as well as the adaptation of rural and urban settle

The current paper aimed at assessing the capacities and limitations of the model ranges in South Khorasan province (SWOT) that consisted of four components of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Method study is based on objective, applied based on the nature and methods of descriptive analytic. That's rangelands components associated with these concepts were determined. Fifty experts in organizations and research centers associated with different areas of expertise. A weighted ranking based on SWOT, evaluated the importance of these factors to determine the positive and negative points rangelands were identified. The results showed that the potential for development and solve the problems of South Khorasan rangeland is somewhat provided. Based on the most important factor of strengths, doing point operations ranges with value 0.548. The most important strength, the factor of type dominant livestock and Surplus depends to range with value of 0.384. Most important opportunity to have traditional and indigenous knowledge to restoring ranges with value 0.388 and Most important threat is the lack of precipitation and the continuing drought and loss of valuable rangeland production potential with value 0.4. Offensive strategy was determined as the best strategy for the management and development of ranges.

In environmental studies, the main way to achieve a science-based development relying on a scientific understanding of environment is a precise attention to potentials, evaluation of the environmental potentials and finally, logical and total use of lands. In this regard, agricultural development is closely related to the environmental resources. This study aimed at assessing the environmental potentials and ecological sources of agricultural development in the catchment of Alashtar plain by using Geographical Information System (GIS). For this purpose, first, the ecological resources were identified within some informstion which were subsequently analyzed, pluralized and synthesized and finally, appropriated as information layers. Moreover, by extracting the ecological units and measuring them through the ecological criteria, the concerned potentials were estimated. Finally, the priorities with the allowed uses were determined. The study results showed that presently, 32.86 percent of the Aleshtar catchment lacked the agricultural and ranging potentials; however, 25.06 percent namely one-third of the catchment had the 'potential of two to four' for agriculture and 41.24 percent had the 'potential of one to three' for ranging. In other words, the Aleshtar catchment has an appropriate condition for ongoing activities of agriculture, dry framing, gardening and livestock.

The aim of this study was the survey of the surface microtriches of Dollfusiella spinulifera reported for the first time from the Persian Gulf. After isolating cestodes from five specimens of Himantura sp., first, the worms were stained for identification, of which, the best specimens were selected, unmounted in Xylene and after destaining finally dried in hexamethyldisilazane and examined with scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that except for the apex and distal bothrial surface, which are covered with papilliform filitriches and acicular filitriches, respectively, other surfaces were adorned with palmate spinitriches and filitriches (papilliform filitriches or acicular filitriches). In addition, the pattern of the surface microtriches was compared between Iranian population of this species from the Persian Gulf and the Australian specimens. The comparison revealed the difference in the microthrix pattern of these two conspecific allopatric populations.

The best path to development is the primary focus on the potentials and threats of the environment and accordingly efficient use of the land. In this regard, it has a closely relation between agricultural and rural development and natural resources. The type of land use is a main factor in soil erosion and sediment production in the watersheds. In this research, it has been studied and evaluated the soil erosion in the Aleshtar plain catchment with aim of developing agricultural exploitation.
This study is based on PSIAC model. The PSIAC method has been designed based on the estimating of sediment potential with 9 important effective factors contains surface of the earth, soil type, weather conditions, runoff conditions, topography, land cover, Land use, current erosion condition, slope of river erosion and sediment transportation in the soil erosion. In the process of this research using geographical information system (GIS), the mentioned data analyzed, integrated, and finally layers of information were prepared. Followed by extraction of units, erosion zoning of the studied area has been implemented.
The total area of the studied area is 80305 hectares and is located in the northern parts of Lorestan province (southwest of Iran) and geomorphologic features are almost mountainous and 39.65% of their area are mountains and hills. The maximum altitude is 3600 meters; the minimum is 1500 meters. and the average height of 2116 meters. Its climate type (based on De Marten method) is Mediterranean climatic pattern exists and the average annual rainfall is 506 mm. The Aleshtar City is the only urban center in the area but there are 208 villages. The economy of the settlements is based on agriculture (farming, gardening and animal husbandry).
Based on the findings of this research, 37.92% of the total land area of the basin is eroded (classes I, II, III). The land consists mainly of low slope and plain basin and is suitable for plantation (I). In this zone, 98 rural settlements (47.11%) are located. Relatively deep soils and flat are the features of these lands so the rate of erosion is low (II). 84 rural settlements (40.38%) are classified in this class. Shallow soils, these lands need to have conservation measures and can be managed under the operation of arable, rangeland, forest and resorts (III). 1 rural settlement (0.48%) is located in this class of erosion. 62.09% of the total basin land is located in the classes IV and V. A total of 25 rural settlements (12%) are located in this class. These lands under certain conditions can be planted; because erosion in the land is relatively high and the limitations in comparison with class III is more. Therefore they need more protection operations for exploitation. Also in these lands that are located in the high topography of the basin; erosion is extreme (Class V), which makes arable exploitation impossible.
Generally the land use in Aleshtar basin is faced to erosion limitation, so the control of the soil erosion and soil conservation and water resources management are essential. However, the locations of the most rural settlements were based on low to moderate erosion zones which indicates that the ancient has had a traditional preparatory thinking.
As a general recommendation, it can be said that in any location, including rural and urban settlements, along with the development of agricultural activities, attention to the erosion and zoning is essential.