mohammad hosseini

Different linguistic constructions, including comparative, superlative, similative, and equative constructions, are employed to convey the concept of comparison. Equative and similative constructions exhibit the highest semantic and structural resemblance out of all the specified constructions. In such constructions, two entities -referred to as the comparee and the standard- are compared based on a specific characteristic or quality. In equative constructions the comparison is based on a gradable property, where one of the referents has the property to a higher degree, while similative constructions compare the similarity in manner. This study explored the equative constructions in the Laki language by primarily relying on classification put forth by Haspelmath (2017). The data for the present study consists of 123 equative sentences taken from spoken interviews with twelve individuals residing in Noorabad city. The findings indicate that speakers mainly use seven strategies to convey the concept of equality in Laki. Furthermore, the data show that in numerous equative constructions in Laki, there is a preference for omitting the standard marker while retaining the degree marker

In this paper, an efficient high-order compact finite difference (HOCFD) scheme is introduced for solving generalized Lane-Emden equations. For nonlinear types, it is shown that a combined quasilinearization and HOCFD scheme gives excellent results, while a few quasilinear iterations are needed. Then the proposed method is developed for solving the system of linear and nonlinear Lane-Emden equations. Some numerical examples are provided, and the obtained results of the proposed method are then compared with previous well-established methods. The numerical experiments show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

The risk of landslides in water structures and dams is significant due to the directand indirect effects of water on the occurrence of landslides. When granular orsolid materials slide into a body of water such as a reservoir, lake, or sea, massmomentum is transferred to the water mass, creating waves with large amplitudes.This phenomenon is known as an impulsive wave in a reservoir or lake or as alandslide tsunami in the ocean and sea. in this experimental study Due to the many parameters affecting thecharacteristics of the wave and the complexity of the problem, there is a need forextensive investigations in this field. In the present research, the waves created bylandslides in the reservoirs of dams and the characteristics of the waves created inthe dam reservoir, such as the length of the wave and the directions of wavepropagation, are investigated. The results showed that the highest wave energy in model 3 (13.258 kJ) occurred at a reservoir depth of 55 cm.

Density currents formed due to the difference in density, however small, with the surrounding fluid. In addition, even if this density difference exists in the layers of a fluid, this type of flow formed. These currents are a type of two-phase currents that have special and different characteristics compared to normal single-phase currents. Hydrological and hydraulic phenomena known as chaotic, non-linear, dependent and sensitive systems to the change of the initial conditions and the temporal and spatial scale of the study. For this reason, any processing of hydrological time series has a direct effect on the chaotic behavior and the way the system responds to hydrological models and network forecasting.The experiments carried out in the hydraulic department of Shiraz University and a flume of 8 m length, 35 cm width and 60 cm height used. Flume has the ability to tilt. A source of 1000 liters containing thick sediment flow used. A number of 12 experiments conducted in such a way that the powder of passing rock classified from sieve No. 80 used as suspended sediment material to create a dense flow, which has a specific weight of 2650 kgm-3 and an average settling speed of 0.0106 mms-1 and an average diameter of particles. It is 0.0074 mm. The density of water is 998.7 kgm-3. Three channel slopes of 1, 2, and 3 percent and two density current inlet flow rates of 50 liters per minute and 90 liters per minute used. The density of the thick flow tank is 1005 kgm-3 and 1008 kgm-3, and the height opening under the sliding inlet valve is 1 cm. Fractal dimension is a decimal number that fractal objects are something between Euclidean and topological shapes. A fractal curve is a curve with an infinite self-similar component. This analysis based on the box counting method, which is a smart and simple method to implement. The fractal dimension obtained by calculating the number of non-overlapping boxes with the size required to cover the fractal curve.A general study of fractal indices such as scale factor diagrams, generalized fractal dimension and singularity spectrum shown in Figure 5 for the time series of dense flow velocity in all models at a distance of m5 from the inlet valve. The highest fractal dimension with a rate of 1.459 related to test number 5 and the lowest fractal dimension related to test number 7 with a rate of 1.22. The highest range of α corresponds to test number 3 with a rate of 3.04 and the lowest corresponds to test number 12 with a rate of 0.087. The lower this range is from the rate of 3.04, the more its multifractal degree decreases and the trend of the system is more towards single fractal patterns. When the inlet flow rate changes from 50 liters per minute to 90 liters per minute, the fractal dimension of the speed time series decreases by 2.2%, and the amplitude and angle α decrease by 53.5% and increase by 3.9%, respectively, and the tendency of the system With the increase of the input flow rate, it tends towards single fractal. Also, in the technical spectrum charts, with the increase of the input flow rate from 50 liters per minute to 90 liters per minute, the technical spectrum chart tends from full symmetry to right symmetry, in other words, with Increasing the flow rate, the exact fractal diagram that created from self-similar elements tends towards a single fractal, which is sensitive to small changes in the flow rate caused by increasing the flow rate of this factor.The generalized fractal dimension decreases with increasing flow rate and flow concentration, and it shows that the phenomenon is less sensitive to high concentrations and flow rates, and the flow behavior is dependent on the initial conditions. When the input density changes from 1005 kgm-3 to 1008 kgm-3, the fractal dimension of the velocity time series decreases by 4.2% and the amplitude and angle α decrease by 9.7% and increase by 9.8%, respectively. The rotation reduced by 6.7% and the Dq changes reduced by 1.5% and its graph is milder.

Pulmonary CT angiography (PCTA) is considered a standard method in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. In addition to incorrect diagnosis, the poor image quality in this method increases the radiation dose to the patient. This study aimed to investigate the effect of scan direction on image quality and absorbed dose in PTCA.

A total of 126 patients referred for PTCA by a 16-slice CT scanner (Siemens) were examined (63 persons for each scan direction). Two experienced radiologists in the field of CT angiography assessed the images. Volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were used to evaluate the patient's dose.

The finding in caudocranial and craniocaudal scan directions was sequential as follows: the appropriate phase of imaging 96.8 and 95.2% (P = 0.73), the possibility of detecting embolism 100% and 98.4% (P = 0.36), the presence of superior vena cava artifact 30.2 and 22.2 percent (P = 0.31), motion artifact caused by breathing in the image 11.1 and 4.3 percent (P = 0.53) and the observation of contrast media in aorta 17.5 and 7.9 percentage was (P = 0.1). The average CTDIvol was 8.63 ± 3.53 and 8.66 ± 2.24 mGy (P = 0.04).

The scan direction does not significantly affect the image quality in PCTA, but the volume CT dose index in the caudocranial direction was lower than the craniocaudal.

Being inspired by nature and moving towards clean energy has become a very necessary and indispensable objective these days. By observing a collection of plants/vegetation growing underneath the rivers, oceans, and seas, the idea of designing a plant farm being capable of absorb fluid energy was born. The farm comprises numerous aluminum cantilever beams equipped with a piezoelectric layer in different shapes. The field has elements of different sizes and natural frequencies, where the maximum voltage can be obtained using the resonance phenomenon. Frequency of the fluid flow is considered, because it follows the oscillatory behavior of the wakes and vortices when the fluid passes through the obstacle. The Strouhal number helps to obtain the fluid frequency according to the fluid velocity and the characteristic length of the barrier. In this research, it was observed that the increase in the length of the aluminum layer caused a rise in the voltage generated. The triangular model produced a higher amount of voltage compared with the other three-dimensional models i.e. the rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular ones. Therefore, it was concluded that providing the farm with triangular elements with different dimensions is considered to be an effective and reasonable measure. Actually, having a variety of sizes of these elements covers a wide range of natural frequencies causing a higher number of them to be excited.

The purpose of the present research is to critically review the method of moral reasoning in criminalizing sextual behaviors. According to the research the direction of the aforementioned analysis in methodological aspect is general and can be converted to a debate not only in philosophy of law but also it can be generalized to all existing legal systems including Islamic law. In this regard, the research tries to point out its consequences by setting the criteria of Hart- Devlin debate and utilitarian attitude as a logical constant through a methodological approach and without any striking the point in content. The research is a fundamental study in criminal law philosophy, hiring the analytical philosophers’ method; therefore, has devoted the serious priority to exploring the concepts of “propositions” and then examined legal facts. In Hart-Devlin debate for the first time, methodological aspects of moral reasoning were discussed. The discussion left pure legal aspect aside and then followed the legal philosophy. The result of such division firstly, leaves a room for moral reasoning in liberal political theory, secondly reveals facts in criminalizing the sextual behavior. The aforementioned methodology indicates that the moral reasoning has rooted in moral theory at the level of moral philosophy and on the other side in political theory. Recent developments both at the level of moral theory esp. in sector of moral philosophy and political theory led to a change in the method of moral reasoning expression in criminal law; as well as “moral reasoning” used to avoid moral content previously and be considered impossible in practice , now on is viewed vital toward moral content; as a matter of the fact that criminalization only is possible through this way. The result of the moral reasoning definition regarding the new approach is called punitiveness in punishment enforcement law; and make a new relationship between punitiveness and moral reasoning meaningfully. In the meantime, Sharia- oriented approaches like jurisprudence requires more affinity with moral reasoning therefore it can be established a deep discourse between the jurisprudential reasoning and moral one o the basis of new account.

The purpose of this study was to the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on perceptual visual coordination in students with learning disabilities.

It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the study included all students with learning disabilities in Dezful in 2020. The sample size consisted of 30 students with learning disabilities who were selected by available sampling method and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The experimental group received ten sessions of ten minutes per week.The applied questionnaires in the study included Visual Critical Scale of the Bender-Gastalt. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of SPSS version 22 software.

The results showed that transcranial direct current stimulation on perceptual visual coordination in the learning disabilities (p<0/001).

According to the findings of the present study, transcranial direct current stimulation can be suggested as an efficient method in order to reduction perceptual visual coordination in the learning disabilities.

From an organizational standpoint, job participation is considered a key factor in motivating employees and increasing productivity. From an individual standpoint, job engagement significantly contributes to organizational effectiveness, productivity, and employee morale by fully involving them in their work and creating a meaningful and rewarding experience. The present study investigated the impact of a leader's perfectionism on the work participation of education staff. The statistical population for the current research consists of the administrative staff of the education sector in Parsabad, Moghan. The sample size is estimated to be 92 people using Morgan's table, and the sampling method is simple random sampling. A standard questionnaire was utilized to gather information. The questionnaire's validity was enhanced by seeking advice in the field, and its reliability was confirmed through the use of Cronbach's alpha coefficient and retesting. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used for categorization, graphs and frequency tables were utilized, and multiple linear regression was employed for inferential statistics in hypothesis analysis. The research findings indicate that the leader's perfectionism affects the work participation of the education staff.

The principle of ‘rule of law’ in Muslim countries follows the epistemological foundation of theocracy and is classified under the model of legal rationalists. Implementing the plan of development from the eighteenth century in Muslim country has caused the pragmatism to affect the process of implementation of Sharia in Muslim countries gradually and changed the foundation of the principle of rule of law. In the present study, we have shown that the evolution based on the epistemological effect of pragmatism is founded on the epistemic basis of theocracy in implementing Sharia. The abovementioned effect has appeared first in the civil law and then in the public law and the theory of the state. Accordingly, implementing Sharia has faced a non-foundational attitude and its model has shifted from traditional natural law to modern natural law. The result of this change is giving principality to the human-like rationality in creating the legal rule. Supporting private ownership, human rights and civil rights are among the consequences of the effect of pragmatism in creating the legal rule. The epistemological effect of pragmatism is evaluable in the level of philosophy of law in the Muslims countries. Thus, the pragmatic approach considers the law as a type of perceptions of the practical intellect, and its epistemological foundation is on transition from Kant’s transcendental intellect and making use of instrumental intellect.

Media is one of the subsets of Taslimi Foundation in Santa Monica, USA. In the first part of this article, we talked about Taslimi Foundation. Also, the Aasoo media tries to present an intellectual reading of the Baha'i teachings by promoting the liberal thought of the West. It was said earlier that from the beginning of the 70s, some Baha'is tried to revise the Baha'i teachings, especially in the field of social affairs. The problem started from the fact that Baha’i claimed to present modern teachings, but many of its teachings did not correspond to modern thoughts. This incident caused a group of Baha’i intellectuals to express critical views and even challenge the Universal House of Justice Baha’i organization. Consequently, this group was soon caught in censorship and rejection of Baha’i by the blades of the UHJ, But another Baha’is with secret silent support of UHJ , without the slightest criticism of the Baha'i teachings and the double function of the UHJ, tried to present a modern narrative of the Baha'i teachings by creating an epistemological metamorphosis, and without directly changing the views of the first Baha'ism views . In line with the activities of the second group, Aasoo media tries to present a completely positive narrative of Baha'i by whitewashing the performance of Baha'i and without referring to the critics' point of views. The performance of this media can be seen in line with the propaganda of UHJ organization.

In the mid-20s, Aasoo Media started its activities in various formats such as media, podcasts, articles, books, etc. This media covers a wide range of social, political, cultural, artistic, legal, etc. issues and has introduced its goal “to promote dialogue and tolerance in the public sphere”. This article explains that contrary to Aasoo's dialogic claim and Baha'i's avoidance of political activity, this media has a political nature and moves in line with the grand plan organized by the House of Justice. Aasoo Media is heavily funded by Taslimi Foundation in America. In the first part of this article, it is explained that Taslimi Foundation is one of the "institutions inspired by Baha'i teachings" as the top of the Aasoo pyramid, and it is obliged to implement a project in the form of “social action” in line with the time plans of UHJ (Beit –ul -Adl).

The dynamics behavior and stability of axially functionally graded fluid-conveying nanotube is investigated, in this paper. The simultaneous influence of both fluid flow and variation of modulus of elasticity on the behavior of simply–simply supported (S-S) and clamp-clamp (C-C) boundary conditions conveying fluid were studied. Small-scale effects are considered using nonlocal couple stress theory in the solid part and in the fluid part. Based on the nonlocal couple stress theory, Bernoulli-Euler beam theory, and Hamilton’s principle, the governing equation of motion, and associated boundary conditions were derived to explain fluid-structure interaction (FSI). These equations were solved using Galerkin numerical method and temporal differential equation analysis method. The effects of some parameters such as Knudsen number, density, size parameter, and … were investigated. According to the results, it can be seen that the present method has created an equilibrium for the effect of the size parameters (μ, l) on the critical velocity. The higher value of the Knudsen number caused sooner divergence and flutter instabilities to happen. The results show that if the parameters of the size effect are not considered, it causes errors in the calculations. The obtained results confirm the crucial effects of size.

The density current, as a part of the gravity currents, is the flow of one fluid within another caused by the density difference between two fluids. The density current consists of the nose, head, and body regions within the ambient fluid. In the present study, a flume with 8m length, 35cm width, and 40cm height was used. The experiments were performed in 28 different states by changing the bed slope, density, and discharge. The results indicated that by increasing the bed slope, the concentration of the density current decreased by 12% and 19% after continuous and local narrowing, respectively, compared to the non-narrowing state. Further, the entrainment ratio increased by narrowing the flume wall, as the Richardson number decreased by 80% and the entrainment ratio increased by 5 times after narrowing. In addition, the profile formation pattern of the current velocity and concentration enhanced by increasing the inlet density and the pattern indicated more scattering in the jet region compared to the wall region.

In this article, shear buckling analysis of functionally graded porous annular sector plate reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) are investigated for the first time. The plate is consisting of a layered model with uniform or non-uniform dispersion of graphene platelets in a metallic matrix including open-cell interior pores. The extended rule of mixture and the modified Halpin-Tsai models and are employed to obtain the effective mechanical properties of the porous nanocomposite plate. Three different porosity distributions in conjunction with five patterns for dispersion of GPL nanofiller are considered through the thickness of plate. Governing equations derived according to the principle of minimum total potential energy based on 3D elasticity theory and generalized geometric stiffness concept. Finally, finite element method is applied for solving the governing equations of structure. The influence of different parameters including various porosity distribution, porosity coefficient, patterns of GPL dispersion, weight fraction of GPL nanofiller, boundary conditions and sector angles on shear buckling loads of the annular sector plate has been surveyed.

Due to their unique properties such as proper strength to weight ratio, excellent thermal insulation, sound insulation and good mechanical properties polyethylene foams have received special attention from the scientific and industrial communities. One of the goals of modern research in the field of polyethylene foams is to increase the cell density and reduce the cell size of these materials to achieve the desired properties. Today, it is a well-known fact that the use of nucleating agents is absolutely necessary to control cell morphology (ie, cell density, cell size and distribution) in polyethylene foams. In the present study, first, two theories of nucleation and the characteristics of the nucleating agent have been fully discussed from the point of view of classical nucleation and self-consistent field theories, which are the most important and practical theories of nucleation in polymer foams. Then, the necessary characteristics for the selection of nucleating agent in polyethylene foams were introduced and examined. Based on the investigations carried out in this regard, it has been determined that the optimal concentration, volumetric free energy density, and especially surface tension of the nucleating agent, are the most important criteria and characteristics for the selection of a nucleating agent compared to other parameters such as geometry (F <1, the lowest effect compared to the other two factors) particle size, and dispersibility.

Understanding geopolitical codes is one of the factors that politicians of any government should try to identify, so that they can use the appropriate strategy to establish a strong diplomatic relationship with other countries. In this regard, using descriptive method, first the factors affecting the geopolitics of Afghanistan have been identified, and then the situation of this country has been studied based on these factors. Then, using library studies, related geopolitical factors in Afghanistan, which will affect the geopolitics of Iran, has been identified and studied. Iran has been an influential element in Afghanistan for the past three decades. The historical and cultural ties between the two countries are also evident to everyone. Iran's strategic environment is such that Afghanistan has become one of the most important links in this environment. In this study, attempts were made to analyze the main sources of political-security tensions in Iran-Afghanistan relations, especially after the withdrawal of extra-regional forces, especially the US military, as well as the Taliban's domination of this country.

Non‑technical skills as a complement to technical skills have become increasingly important in cardio‑pulmonary resuscitation, and teamwork is one of the most prominent of these skills. Because of the limited number of tools introduced and validated for measuring teamwork in resuscitation, this study was conducted to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Teamwork Scale in Resuscitation (TSR).

This study was a sequential exploratory mixed‑method study and was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021 and in two phases. In the first phase (qualitative), semi‑structured interviews were performed with resuscitation team members who were selected using a purposeful sampling method with maximum variation in terms of experience, level of education, age, and gender. Using directed qualitative content analysis, the data were analyzed and the primary item pool was developed. In the second phase (quantitative), assessing face, content, and construct validity as well as reliability via the internal consistency and stability, the psychometric properties of the instrument are evaluated.

The initial tool consisted of 54 items; after assessing the face validity, ten items were removed during content validity, and the final tool consisted of 44 items and three main categories including the essential prerequisites for resuscitation, leadership, and teamwork, which was scored based on a 5‑point Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The convergent validity and concurrent validity of the tool were confirmed. The reliability of the instrument was also confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha test and re‑test and the intra‑class correlation coefficient (ICC) between raters.

The validity and reliability of TSR for measuring teamwork in resuscitation in a simulated environment are approved. Further studies are suggested for different contexts of resuscitation and with trained raters to evaluate its use in real resuscitation situations.

The effect of friction and rotational speed parameters changes on the transient thermoelastic response of a rotating functionally graded cylinder with a short length subjected to thermal and mechanical loads are studied based on the First order shear deformation theory (FSDT). It is assumed that the cylinder is located on a friction bed and is rotating due to an external torque. The material property is assumed to be variable along radius according to a volume fraction distribution. Because temperature changes are unstable the changes in parameters are applied when the cylinder has reached a steady state. In the following, radial, longitudinal and angular displacement diagrams, as well as effective stresses due to changes in coefficient of friction and rotational velocities for longitudinal and radial directions, are drawn. The results show that these changes have significant effects on the measured parameters and in many industrial applications, these coefficients are not constant during the work period and have changed.

The dynamic and static instabilities of plates reinforced by carbon nanotubes which are fully covered by two piezoelectric layers subjected to supersonic airflow are investigated. For aero-elastic analysis of thin functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite plate, classical plate theory, as well as first-order piston theory, has been applied. The effective material properties of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite plates are evaluated based on the rule of mixture with consideration of efficiency parameter. Also, five various types of carbon nanotube distributions through the thickness direction are investigated. The distribution of electric potential across the piezoelectric thickness is assumed to be a quadratic function. Then, two kinds of electric boundary conditions such as open circuit and closed circuit are considered. The coupled governing electro-mechanical equations are derived by using Hamilton’s variation principle and electrostatic Maxwell’s equation. The partial differential governing equations are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations by utilizing Galerkin’s approach. The result shows that the functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite plate integrated by two piezoelectric layers in open circuit condition has higher both flutter aerodynamic pressure and natural frequencies, in contrast with a similar plate in closed circuit conditions. In addition, the result elucidated that the stability region increase as the piezoelectric thickness increases.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coaching power with the loyalty and team members' effectiveness of the base players in the soccer academies of Tehran province the research was descriptive-correlational and field-based. The statistical population of this research was all the players of the Tehran Football League in the age group of adolescents and youth In 1397, according to the official statistics of the provincial football association, 800 people were announced in the majority of 32 teams. The sample size of the study was determined according to the Morgan 260 table that was randomly selected. For data analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient multiple linear regression analysis, and SPSS software were used. The results showed that the coaches of the base football teams more than reward power and less power of referent. There was also a positive and meaningful relationship between the component of reward power, specialty and referent with loyalty of players, but there was no meaningful relationship between the force of power and the legal power with loyalty of the players. Also, there was a positive and meaningful relationship between the power based on the specialty and the referent power with team effectiveness of the players. But there was no meaningful relationship between force of power, reward power and legal power. Also there was a positive and significant relationship between attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty of players with team effectiveness.

In this study, vibration and stability analysis of micro-pipes conveying fluid under magnetic, electric, and thermal fields using classical, modified coupled stress, and modified strain gradient theories are presented. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory with clamped-pinned, clamped-clamped, and pinned-pinned boundary conditions is used for modeling the pipe. The differential equations governing the vibration of conveying fluid micro-pipe are derived through extended Hamilton’s method. Additionally, the extended Galerkin’s method is used to convert the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The effects of size, boundary conditions, magnetic field, electric field, and thermal field on eigenvalues and critical velocity are investigated. The results indicated that the strain gradient theory predicts the highest natural frequencies and critical fluid velocities among the other two theories. The effects of magnetic, electric, and thermal fields along with different boundary conditions on eigenvalues and critical fluid velocity have been studied. It has also been concluded that the impact of these fields on the stability regions is different for different boundary conditions. Furthermore, the results showed that the stability of the micro-pipes increases with the increase of the magnetic field coefficient, but decreases with the increase of the coefficient of electric and thermal fields.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of the new city of Alishahr on the surrounding settlements and to study the future of these effects to draw its different futures from the perspective of different scenarios. In this research, to identify the key factors, after two stages of screening, 54 variables were finally identified in the form of eight indicators, and the future research method was used in the form of mix-and-match analysis and scenario writing. For this research, the opinions of the Delphi group and the snowball sampling method were used. According to the findings of this research, nine important key factors include changes in commercial and residential uses; the Hadi plan for the surrounding villages of the new city; the road network of surrounding settlements; changes in the construction and settlement of the surrounding areas; urbanism of villagers; Communication ways of surrounding settlements; physical expansion of the new city towards the surrounding cities; The access of surrounding settlements to communication and telecommunication means and the location of the village about the road were identified. According to the results obtained from the scenario wizard, there are six compatible and identical scenarios regarding the effects of the new city of Aalishahr on peri-urban areas. The findings of this research allow the policymakers, planners and regional managers to have a better understanding of the future conditions to be able to create more favourable and reasonable conditions of urban development while maintaining the aspect draw the life of peri-urban areas in the future and make decisions about it, this will bring closer the conditions of sustainability in the current conditions with the possibility of achieving sustainability in the future

The economic issues and problems associated with the health sector have always been the focus of attention in terms of the significant share they make of the GDP. Intensive care units, and especially ICUs, are among the most expensive in the hospital sector, and nurses, as the most important person involved in the use of resources in these units, play a key role in cost control and effectiveness of care. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and performance of ICU nurses in relation to health economics. Materials &

After determining the population, the sample size was determined using Morgan table then ICU nurses randomly selected from different hospitals and shifts. Data were collected using a questionnaire validated by Heydari et al. In 2015. The researcher manually delivered the questionnaires to the nurses in different shifts and collected those 48 hours later. The coded data were then entered into the statistical software (SPSS, version 25) and analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics.

Attitudes toward health economics were optimal among ICU nurses (85%), but nurses' awareness and performance were suboptimal (65% and 62%, respectively). Average awareness score in the field of health economics was 4.57± 2.16 (range: 0-16), Average attitude score was 55± 6.90 (range: 0-72) and Average performance score was 27.35± 7.21 (range: 0-44).

ICU nurses have a good attitude towards health economics, but their level of awareness and performance in this field should be improved. Due to the low level of awareness and performance of ICU nurses in the field of health economics, it is recommended to hold in-service classes and workshops in this field.

Despite the obvious importance of teamwork in emergency care, the dimensions of teamwork in resuscitation remain a subject of debate among specialists and researchers. The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of teamwork based on the experiences of members of the resuscitation team.

This study was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021. By purposive sampling, participants were selected. Sixteen semi‑structured interviews were conducted with experienced emergency nurses and emergency medicine residents individually and analysed through deductive content analysis by using the Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) model. Interviews were encoded for analysis using MAXQDA software (version 2020).

Three main categories were identified around teamwork in resuscitation. These categories were as follows (1) leadership, (2) teamwork, and (3) essential prerequisites for resuscitation. The main leadership category consisted of three sub‑categories of time management, resource allocation, and task management. From sub‑categories, situation monitoring, communication, and mutual support, the main category of teamwork emerged. Also, the emerging category of essential prerequisites for regeneration included two generic categories: professional requirements and workplace requirements and the teamwork category included situation monitoring, communication, and mutual support.

Based on the experiences of the resuscitation team members, leadership, teamwork, and essential prerequisites for resuscitation are the most important dimensions of teamwork in resuscitation. Recognizing the dimensions of teamwork in resuscitation is an initial step and then should be reflected in educational programs and future guidelines.